Doutorado em Psicologia

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17535

Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2000
Conceito atual na CAPES: 5
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019).Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1, p.268 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Área(s) de concentração: Psicologia
Url do curso: https://psicologia.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGP/detalhes-do-curso?id=1496

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 141

Criatividade em crianças com dificuldade de aprendizagem: avaliação e intervenção através de procedimentos tradicional e assistido
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2004-03-05) Dias, Tatiane Lebre; Enumo, Sônia Regina Fiorim; Linhares, Maria Beatriz Martins; Primi, Ricardo; Souza, Lídio; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira
There are low expectations of creative and cognitive performance in students with learning disability (LD). This situation worsens due to the problems of definition and evaluation from these areas. Aiming at contribution for changes in these expectations and for the study of the relationship between these areas, a contribution of two approaches of cognitive assessment – traditional and assisted was done for the study of creativity in 34 students (8 to 12 years) attending second and third grades in a public school in Vitória, ES with an indication of learning disability (LD) by the low performance in the School Performance Test (SPT). The students were distributed in control and experimental groups (CG and EG), the last being submitted by a development program of creativity (25 sessions over 3 months) approaching the verbal and figurative areas. On the pre-test and posttest, some evaluations were applied: a) traditional – academic (SPT), cognitive (WISC and Raven Progressive Colorful Matrices) and of creativity (Torrance tests of creative thinking); and b) assisted – Constraint – seeking questions of several pictures (C-SQ) having phases with no help, of assistance, maintenance and transfer which look into strategies for the constraint – seeking questions and provide a profile of performance (high score, gainer, non-maintainer, transferrer and non-transferrer). The SPT was reapplied as a follow-up three months after the post-test. Initially, in the traditional assessment the groups did not show any 10 difference in the WISC (average Total-IQ: 92) however in the post-test they had a significant intra-group increase in the Total-IQ (98) and Execution-IQ (95); in Raven the groups initially displayed significant differences favorable to CG (66; EG: 47) which extinguished in the post-test (CG: 68; EG: 60); in Torrance, in the post test, EG increased significantly the means in fluency verbal (pre: 15.4; pos: 21.4) and flexibility verbal (pre: 8.5; post: 11.1), whereas CG increased in flexibility verbal (pre: 7.7; post: 10.1). In the assisted assessment, between the pre and post-test, there was an increase of the high-score profile in both groups, being greater in the EG (from I to 8; GC: from 6 to 10); it also increased the transferrer profile in the EG (from 10 to 16) whereas it kept the same in the CG (16). The significant differences between the groups showed the positive effects for the development program of creativity and the adequacy of these approaches in the evaluation and intervention over the cognitive areas and the creativity of the assessed students.
Memória dos verdes anos: saudade da infância na música popular brasileira - uma investigação e uma proposta de análise de dados
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2004-03-30) Nascimento, Adriano Roberto Afonso do; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira; Trindade, Zeidi Araujo; Rodrigues, Maria Margarida Pereira; Andrade, Angela Nobre de; Almeida, Angela Maria de Oliveira
Despite the current interest of Humanities in the Memory question, the recurrence in which recorded events are identified as nostalgic in day to day discourse of Brazilians has been underestimated. Memory and Nostalgia (here understood as missing or longing after a lost past, after the Portuguese word ´Saudade´) do not have the same meaning, but are strongly related. As it points out to an affective component of the mnemonic content, the problems of this relation are of interest for the understanding of ampler psychosocial processes. Considering that constitutive elements of Social Memory are shared, it is possible to perceive the quotidian meaning of Nostalgia, what is investigated through the identification of elements commonly characterized as nostalgic, as well as the relation between these elements, and their constancies and inconstancies, in textual material about childhood nostalgia. The “boyhood times” are recurrently identified as nostalgic both in the artistic-cultural productions and in the common man memories, what justifies the choice of this particular remembrance as valid. Since the amount and the variety of elements which potentially could be remembered nostalgically were large, we opted for the conjugation of different procedures to analyze these memories. The source of nostalgic reports about childhood was a set of popular song lyrics of our country, documental material that has been progressively valued in historical-cultural studies for its characteristics of, among other advantages, picturing elements of the daily life of both the song writers and the consumer public. With the objective of evaluating the vocabulary and the nostalgic content made explicit in the lyrics of 70 (seventy) songs of Brazilian popular music, they were submitted to a software for statistical analysis of textual data (Alceste) and to a classical procedure of Content Analysis. A complementary procedure, which was called Content Networks, was proposed in order to evaluate the characteristics of the links between the elements remembered by the song writers. The results show a high frequency of mentions of child activities, child plays and games, predominantly realized outside the domestic space. The sociability network, which groups other boys, the family and young love, was also well cited. The possible localization of the physical space where the childhood occurred, indicated through the mention of natural elements, suggests the constant presence of memories of a childhood lived in the country, in opposition of an adulthood lived in urban areas. The integrated treatment of the utilized analyses procedures’ results permitted the characterization of the dynamics of the nostalgic discourse as agreeing with the more general dynamics of Social Memory. In special, the explicit identification of value for the memories indicate a particularity of this discourse, since it aggregates a sentimental value which avoids it to be taken as a mere description of the past. In this sense, the analyzed lyrics set takes us to the perception of aspects of the present of who remembers. In the comparison of a happy past and a not so happy present, the coherence of the discourse of who remembers the childhood nostalgically is in play.
Como aprendem os que ensinam e como ensinam os que aprendem?: um estudo com professoras no contexto do jogo traverse
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006-03-17) Fiorot, Meire Andersan; Ortega, Antonio Carlos; Macedo, Lino de; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira; Queiroz, Sávio Silveira de; Rossetti, Claudia Broetto
This study aimed at checking the relation between the way the teachers learn and teach in a context of rules game, as well as investigate their reflections on pedagogical practice. Four teachers from the fourth grade of private primary schools in the state of Espírito Santo were subjects of the research. The research was carried out in three situations. (1) in the first one, there was an interview in order to characterize the teachers´ profiles and their conceptions about the learning and teaching processes; (2) the learning situation was composed of stages of instruction, experimentation and problem-solving activity, all of them, making use of the rules game called Traverse; and (3) the teaching situation, composed of the instruction and experimentation phases, once more using the same game. This third situation counted on the participation of four children. During the learning and teaching situations, several questions were proposed so that the teachers could reflect on the situations experienced in the game, their actions and the relations between these ones and the pedagogical practice. The results provided the researcher with the conceptions of the teachers about some themes related to the teaching and learning process, as well as the conflicts the teachers experienced in the school routine. Besides, the researcher could note an evolution in their level of comprehension of the logical system of the game, with the existence of intermediate moments that indicate a partial awareness of the action. The main difficult presented in the process was the comprehension of inter systemic dialetics existing in the game and the simultaneous observation of the teachers´ own actions and the ones of the oponents. Concerning the teaching of the game, there was a predominance of procedures based in the model used by the researcher, having some difficulties been identified on the teachers either at the time of instructing or at mediating. After this analysis, it was possible to establish a parallel between the learning and teaching situations. In this way, it made it possible for the researcher to note that the main obstacles faced by the teachers to advance in their levels of comprehension of the game, during the learning situation, were repeated at the time of teaching. Taking this analysis to the school context, the researcher could also observe the tensions experienced by the teachers when facing the contradictions of the school environment, which involved similar aspects to the ones presented in their difficulties in the game context. The results confirmed the hypothesis that there is a relation between the way the teachers learn and the way they teach in the Traverse game, and that this game can be a rich resource to be used in a context of teacher development. It is suggested a deeper reflection on the contexts of learning that have been provided to the teachers in their graduation and later professional development, considering that profession development requires a reflection on the teachers´ own learning process.
Mulheres e militância no Espírito Santo: encontros e confrontos durante a ditadura militar
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006-04-18) Nascimento, Ingrid Faria Gianordoli; Santos, Maria de Fátima de Souza; Trindade, Zeidi Araújo; Jodelet, Denise; Arruda, Ângela Maria Silva; Rodrigues, Maria Margarida Pereira; Souza, Lídio de
The military dictatorship period, which began in 1964 and lasted until 1985, marked by a succession of political, economical, and social changes, also characterized itself by the gradual and intense politico-social repression towards its antagonists. In this scenery, is remarkable the political activism of women antagonists to the regime. Transforming the social context and being transformed by it, these women, then, both within the political sphere and within gender relations, broke traditional code of conduct and proposed, instead, alternative forms to live the feminine condition. We aimed in this investigation to focus the psychosocial aspects, mainly those related to the identification processes, implied in the interconnection between gender relations and politics in women activism opposing against the dictatorial regime, from 1964 until 1985, in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. With this objective, individual interviews were conducted with 09 women who participated of organizations which clearly stood as resistance against the military dictatorship between 1964 and 1973. All interviewees were university students engaged in the student movement and affiliated, for some period, to clandestine political parties. They have also been imprisoned for periods which vary from one month to one year. We attempted to investigate the life trajectory of these women from infancy until now. The information was subjected to the phenomenological method for psychological investigation and reorganized in narratives that attempt to identify the particularities and the common points in the related experiences. The data analysis tried to highlight, from the accounts of their trajectories, the dynamics of the elements in play for the constitution of the identity of these women. Among these elements are the individuation and the autonomy projects; the motivations for the activism; the conflicts between individual and collective projects; the experience on limit situations, such as imprisonment and torture; marriage; maternity; evaluations of the period; and current political participation. In the reconstruction of their trajectories, the former activists reveal the complex interactions between motivations and choices, and uncommon, sometimes hard, experiences that result from them. The complexity of this interaction, on the other hand, contributes, and, evidently, continues contributing, for the constitution of their identities.
Masculino e feminino no contexto da família: representações sociais e práticas educativas em famílias de classe popular
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2006-08-31) Nascimento, Célia Regina Rangel; Trindade, Zeidi Araújo; Camino, Cleonice; Diniz, Gláucia; Rodrigues, Maria Margarida Pereira; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira
The co-inhabitance of different generations and the distribution of roles that take places in the context of the family lead to the recognition of permanencies and transformations in the traditional gender representations. It is important to consider, however, the factors that influence familiar culture and consequently, its practices and values. The objective of this study is to identify the social representation of gender in families of a economically underprivileged district of Vitória (State of Espírito Santo, Brazil), considering how these representations are present in the family interaction and in the socialization practices among teenagers of both sexes. We also aim at identifying the differences and similarities between the social representations of gender from one generation to another. The investigation has been structured in two stages. In the first stage, we made semi-structured interviews with 44 families. In 30 of these families, a mother and a father (or persons who represented this roles) was interviewed, besides at least one teenage child. In the remaining 14 families, the mother and a teenage child were interviewed. In the second stage, we interviewed three families who had participated of the first phase for deepening and complementing the data collected in the earlier interviews. In this case, a teenage female, a teenage male, the father and the mother were interviewed. Concerning the interviews of the first stage, we applied content analysis to organize the results of the open questions, while the SPSS program (version 8) was used to systematize the closed questions. In particular, applying the latter had the objective of raising a descriptive characterization of the families and the groups of participants, mothers, fathers and teenagers. Finally, we used a procedure of the phenomenological method to organize the interviews with the three families of the second stage. The interviews of all the participants of the same family were grouped and transformed into a single narrative, considering the following units of meaning: relationship in the family; representations of gender; and expectations for the future. Although the results lead to the recognition of some social changes involving gender roles, most of the identified social representations and family practices disclose traditional social representations of gender and of the roles that men and woman must play in the family. Comparing the social representations of teenagers with those of the parents, we perceive more similarities than differences, that is, more permanencies than transformations. Among others factors, we consider that the lack of alternatives for overcoming economical difficulties and limited perspectives of changing their poor situation for the young increase the differences of gender in the relations of poor families and delay these transformations.
Sofrimento e resiliência: o impacto do abuso sexual na saúde de jovens mulheres vitimadas em Manaus
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2007-04-05) Martins, Rosimeire de Carvalho; Souza, Lídio de; Massola, Gustavo Martineli; Nascimento, Ingrid Faria Gianordoli; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira; Trindade, Zeidi Araujo
This research investigated the impact of the sexual abuse in the health of victimized women in the city of Manaus, as well as the social representations of the abuse, aggressor and mother. There were interviewed eighteen sexually victimized women; twelve of them were victimized by an unknown person and six by someone from her own family group. In the first part of the interview protocol we collected social demographic informations of the participants and in the second part we asked them to talk freely about what happened. The data of the interviews was analysed by the technique of theme analysis of contempt. We verified that in 50% of the women the negative effects in their health remained, even after one year after the violence, making their sexual, social and family relations difficult. In these cases we observed they could not count on the support of the family, mother or professionals. In the other 50%, we identified a growing movement to overcome the stress and to retrieve their lives, and that the social and family support, as well as the psychological support service act as helpers in the individual process of facing the effects of the suffered violence. Women represent the sexual abuse as an act of extreme violence, emphasysing mainly the physical strength and the violence of the abuser. We identify an ambiguity in the group of women that suffered abuse inside their families, because part of the women did not perceive the atc as violent. The social representations about the abuser refer to a man that posess authority, power and strength, always older, violent and does not worry about the will of the victimized women, we also verify ambiguity in the representations of the group of women that sufferen sexual violence inside the family, because the abuser was perceived as someone friendly. The mother is represented by a major part of the interviewed women as a “bad mother”, characterized as insensitive, negligent and that lack comffort, with whom they have a conflictuous relatioship. The “good mother” was reffered by a few interviewed women indicating that the relationship among them was less conflictuous. We conclude that the genuine pain exteriorized in the speeches of the victimized women, through the explanation of a diversity of physical and psychological effects and by representations composed by negative elements mainly, show a shameful social reality and also tolerant with the sexual violences performed against women, adolescents and children. Although we have identified that a part of the women is resilient and tries to overcome the evil effects of the occurrence, we understand that a lot has to be done to help assistance and preventive measures can be adopted observing the writs of the Brazilian citizens, knowing the effects of this type of violence can cause.
Parentalidade "prematura": um estudo sob a ótica da teoria das representações sociais
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2007-12-18) Barros, Sibelle Maria Martins de; Trindade, Zeidi Araujo; Oliveira, Denize Cristina de; Santos, Maria de Fátima de Souza; Queiroz, Sávio Silveira de; Enumo, Sônia Regina Fiorim
The way couples react and cope with the premature birth of a child depends on how they comprehend and live this new experience. This, in turn, is associated to the meanings assigned to motherhood and fatherhood, or the representations of motherhood and fatherhood. Stemming from this presumption, the present research aimed to understand, under the light of Social Representation Theory (SRT), the experience of couples whose premature newborns had been hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Individual interviews with a semi structured script were performed with 20 couples whose children were under NICU treatment in Recife (Pernambuco state, Brazil). The interview script covered the following themes: pregnancy/parturition; newborn diagnostics; son; motherhood, fatherhood, impacts of the experience on conjugal relationship and coping. For data analysis was chosen the methodology proposal of the Grounded Theory, which allows the formulation of a theory about the data through the construction of structures on identified phenomena throughout the analysis process. Three phenomena emerged from the data analysis: Coming to contact with a high-risk situation; Coping daily with the pain; and Learning to be premature father and mother. Such phenomena allowed comprehending the dynamics of social representations, mainly on motherhood and fatherhood, in the experience of the studied couples. The social representations acted in the interpretation of the new reality; provided and were influenced by feelings and emotions of fathers and mothers; and guided the coping strategies. At the same time, these representations suffered constant influences of the context, the established relations in it, and of the coping strategies adopted by the couples. The present psychosocial research alerts to the importance of considering the role of the sociocultural context in the investigation of the experiences lived by the subjects regarding health. It is also intended to subsidize intervention proposals aimed to “premature” fathers and mothers with the objective of facilitating coping with the situation and learning while exercising the “premature” parenthood.
"A Dona de Tudo" : o que é ser mulher, mãe e esposa de acordo com as representações sociais de mulheres de duas gerações
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2008-04-25) Coutinho, Sabrine Mantuan dos Santos; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira; Sá, Celso Pereira de; Rocha-Coutinho, Maria Lucia; Rodrigues, Maria Margarida Pereira; Trindade, Zeidi Araújo
Cosplayers no Brasil: o surgimento de uma nova identidade social na cultura de massas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2008-12-19) Coelho Junior, Leconte de Lisle; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira; Magalhães Neto, José Vaz; Queiroz, Sávio Silveira de; Nascimento, Adriano Roberto Afonso do; Rodrigues, Maria Margarida Pereira
This study aims at focusing on the social identity of a group of cosplayers in the brazilian state of Espírito Santo. Cosplayers are transvestites that wear gowns typical of the characters found in mangás (Japanese cartoon magazines), and animes (caricatures in several games of nipponese origin). This practice has been supported by the japanese popular culture inserted into the state’s social environment. The sample counted on 12 informers, in an average medium of 18,66 years of age (DP = 1,44). The main results show that there is a great tendency in creating cosplayers that come from the nipponese media in detriment of others. These chosen character’s chief psychological traits apparently maintain some advantage over other aspects when people decide upon a certain characterization. Finally, these people feel themselves as creators of a social group that is based on two structural interactive categories: “Performance” and “Diversion”, which can be considered as typical of the entertainment mass culture society.
Sexualidade e trabalho: estudo sobre a discriminação de homossexuais masculinos em bancos públicos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009-05-25) Souza, Eloisio Moulin de; Garcia, Agnaldo; Rossetti, Claudia Broetto; Alencar, Heloisa Moulin de; Bianco, Mônica de Fátima; Carrieri, Alexandre de Pádua
This thesis was developed trying to analyze the possible forms of discrimination in work related to male homosexual employees who work in public banks located in the metropolitan area of Vitória-ES under the point view of the poststructuralism. Thus, there was a bibliography on the international and national research and related that involve the study of male homosexuality with the world of work and an analysis of differences between the traditional approach that involves the study of gender analysis for a post-structuralism analysis. Regarding methodological aspects, the type of research is qualitative, using a semi-structured script, simple observation, documentary research, field diary and informational interviews to collect data. We interviewed eight employees of federal banks. For the analysis of data was used the analysis of discourse developed by Michel Foucault and analysis of documents. It follows that the interviewees are targets of direct and indirect discrimination on grounds of their sexuality. The direct discrimination manifests itself in the deficiency of normative public banks studied to ensure real and clarify the rights of workers. However, the most uncomfortable question to respondents are the expressions of indirect discrimination by: (a) pejorative jokes that speak more generally about homosexuals, (b) isolation not to having contact with customers and even to other employees; (c) working conditions inferior to those offered to other employees, (d) exclusion from participation in informal groups and activities of these groups occurred outside the company, (e) games, gossip and ironies on how to walk, talk and gestures when are not present in the enclosure, (f) name calling related to the alleged disclosure of a woman belonging to homosexuals ("sissy", "deer"), (g) difficulties in career growth, (h) difficulty of hiring managers by homosexuals companies providing services to public banks.
As mulheres da Ilha das Caieiras: relacionamento interpessoal e cooperação na formação e funcionamento de uma cooperativa
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009-08-05) Miranda, Raquel Ferreira; Garcia, Agnaldo; Tokumaru, ?Rosana Suemi; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira
Vivendo casamentos, separações e recasamentos: um estudo sobre o campo representacional da conjugalidade
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009-09-10) Martins, Priscilla de Oliveira; Trindade, Zeidi Araujo; Almeida, Angela Maria de Oliveira; Medrado-Dantas, Benedito; Menandro, Maria Cristina Smith; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira
The object of the research is conjugality. To study conjugality is important to comprehend a reality that seems paradoxal at surface: there is a rise in divorce and separation numbers, but at the same time, it is verified that marriage is still considered by people as an important aspect of life. In that way the present research aims to identify the representational field of conjugality and its relation with the day to day marital praxis. The Social Representational Theory was used to base the analyses. The methodological design used was the qualitative approach. The data was collected by focus groups. Six focus groups were held. Three groups had women as participants and three focus groups had men as participants. The criteria to choose the participants to take part in the study were: Group 1: persons who were married for 10 years or less; Group 2: persons who were divorced or separated; Group 3: persons who were in a second marriage. All the participants also had to have at least one child at the first marriage and live on a considered middle and upper high class neighborhood. The results present the representational field of conjugality as formed by social representations objects of love, marriage/ remarriage and divorce/separation. There are social representational elements which are shared by all groups and elements which are specific considering sex. The shared elements which form the conjugality representational field present the conjugality as a partnership based on love, complicity and respect. The divorce/ separation is social represented as a frustration and a breakdown of a conjugality dream. The women, specifically, represented the conjugality as a space where they have to give themselves for the marriage well being and takeover wife and mother roles. The social representation of marriage presents idealized/ romanticized elements that can change along the day to day marriage life. To the men, the specific elements present conjugality as a space where dedication and hard work are necessary in order to maintain it. An important element to conjugality success is the wife´s active role, contrary of the docile, submissive wife. Marriage is represented as a ritual and a tradition in which fidelity is important. The representational field analyses present elements referring to traditional gender roles and elements referring to a more equalitarian relationship. The representational field anchoring analyses showed that satisfaction and happiness seems to be the elements that direct the anchoring process. The representational field identified orients to a praxis in which the conjugality is lived as an affectionate space where both couple members need to be satisfied. Upon this perspective, negotiation is the essential tool for a loving relationship success.
Um olhar sobre a solidão feminina e os relacionamentos interpessoais nas histórias de brasileiras e mexicanas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2010-09-24) Dornelas, Kirlla Cristhine Almeida; Garcia, Agnaldo; Menandro, Maria Cristina Smith; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira; Souza, Rosane Mantilha de; Souza, Marine Lima de
Human beings are social. That comment cliché pay attention to the importance of interpersonal relationships in the constitution of the individual. Therefore, the limitation in interpersonal relationships, consequently cause great suffering, loneliness. Studies on the phenomenon have loneliness as an unpleasant feeling due to undesirable or disabled relationships. Moreover, the loneliness can occur in the presence or absence of people. Despite the representation of loneliness as something bad, this experience can also be seen as positive in this case it is the solitude. Loneliness is a special experience for each person from their sociocultural and environmental. The transformations of the female roles, such as entering the world of work, for example, may have magnified the social network of women and displaced, their interests, apart from their husbands and children. Still, the social pressure seems to be stronger on women. This work aims to investigate the experience of loneliness for Brazilian and Mexican women in interpersonal relationships: friendship, romantic relationship and family. Objectives: (a) review the experience of loneliness in their social and emotional aspects, (b) to relate the different types of interpersonal relationships and the experience of loneliness, (c) examine the coping strategies of loneliness, (d) analyze the importance of solitude and its consequences for interpersonal relationships. Loneliness is a complex and multidimensional phenomenons, before this, the dialectical perspective of Hinde on interpersonal relationships guide our analysis. Our data source are reports of Brazilian and Mexican about the loneliness in relation to friends, the loneliness in romantic relationships, loneliness and family, and the coping strategies. In addition, the participants write about the times when seek to be alone, the importance of this and evaluated their relationship networks. 30 participants were in the study, 15 Mexican and 15 Brazilian, between 25 and 40 years, enrolled in graduate courses. The entire search was done via email. The data show that loneliness is part of the types of relationships and has researched several meanings according to the relationship and the context in which it occurs. Some limitations in interpersonal relationships are suggested. The participants used different strategies for coping with loneliness. Solitude is also part of interpersonal relationships. The analysis seeks to take a look at the women's loneliness and propose a model for understanding the phenomenon.
Identidade social e representações sociais de rural e cidade em um contexto rural comunitário: campo de antinomias
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2010-10-18) Bonomo, Mariana; Souza, Lídio de; Menandro, Maria Cristina Smith; Trindade, Zeidi Araujo; Tassara, Eda Terezinha de Oliveira; Guedes, Maria do Carmo
An outstanding feature on the contemporary scene is the advance in the process of globalization, the main characteristics of which are the intense flow of capital along with economic exploitation as well as pressure towards a cultural hegemony. As a result of this process, traditional groups and their experiences, considered of being backward and representative of an outdated era, are cast aside from what is considered to be socially legitimate. It is an important task to reach an understanding of how minorities have experienced this increasing pressure towards hegemony, especially in terms of the rural way of life, personified as the opposite of all that is urban, modern and civilized. The aim of this thesis is to identify, describe and analyze the social identity of the members of a rural community in Espírito Santo taking as a starting point identity processes and social representations closely bound to rural and urban categories, which required the theoretical-conceptual input of social representation theory and social identity theory. Referenced in the junction of these two cited theories, the research was developed in two phases: (E1): a community census was carried out among representatives of 167 local families in order to gain a familiarity with the organization of both the community and the families and (E2): an investigation into the makeup of the representational field as well as the identification processes and social differentiation in the context of a ruralurban comparison was carried out through interviews with 200 members representing four generations within the community. The corpora of data was analyzed using the software EVOC-2003, SPAD-T, SPSS-17 and ALCESTE, as well as the Content Analysis, according to the research objectives and nature of the data. The results referred to the community context revealed a social organization based on the rural way of life, a familiar agriculture production system agriculture and the installation of places where families may interact. A semantic field governed by the positive valency of the in-group and negative of the city was observed on the conceptual level of social representations and dimensions of identity of rural and city. The meanings of rural rely on the idea of harmony and a happy life and are associated with feelings of joy and well being while the city is seen as chaotic, where life is sad life, awakening feelings of fear and discomfort among members of the rural community. The underlying dynamics of this contradiction picture moves and supports the representation of these objects, for the in-group, in line with humanitarian and collectivist values vs. capitalist values for urban sociability. The ambiguities and tensions identified in the discussed processes gain greater visibility within the context of mobility and social resistance, which expose the complexity of the phenomenon of identity, confirming the power of the imaginary when individuals take a stand, as well as highlighting the function of the social group when its members position themselves within the structure and dynamic of society and culture.
Da ficção à realidade: estudo sobre formação e desenvolvimento das representações sociais da clonagem humana
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2010-12-17) Espíndula, Daniel Henrique Pereira; Trindade, Zeidi Araújo; Menandro, Maria Cristina Smith; Rodrigues, Maria Margarida Pereira; Santos, Maria de Fátima de Souza; Naiff, Denis Giovani Monteiro
Scientific topics evoke major interest in general society. The term cloning, for example, passed from the medical and scientific reality to the reality of social conversations, to novels and films of fiction and to the usual vocabulary of ordinary people. Knowing how social actors appropriate and (re)construction the scientific knowledge in their everyday relationships is of interest to the theory of social representations. However, a large extent of studies on social representations focus constructed representational processes and a few has been studied about his process of emergence. This was the context that motivated the present work, which aimed to understand the process of formation and development of social representations of human cloning in Brazilian society. To reach this goal the research was designed to allow understanding the knowledge movement, since its formation in the reified universe until its fulfillment in the consensual universe. It was used three sources of data for analysis: the first one consists of books used for training professionals on biological and life sciences, the second one consisted of articles published in Folha de Sao Paulo and Veja magazine, in their print and online versions during the period from 1997 to 2007 and the third one consisted of the letters sent by readers of newspapers and magazines surveyed during the same period. The keywords used for searching were: clone, cloning, human cloning, therapeutic cloning, genetic engineering and cell therapy with stem cell. Altogether it was found 952 articles and 40 letters sent by readers. Each database was analyzed separately by the Alceste software. The results show a social representation of human cloning objectified in different figures: a cloned baby, man's desire to be God, the manufacture of tissues, sick people. This representation seems to be anchored in ideas of a religious nature, eugenics experiences and healing through science. It was noteworthy as a technical / scientific knowledge of something that does not exist (human cloning) or is still in early stages of study (therapeutic cloning) has been appropriated by the common sense to become something plausible, palpable, recriminated, and expected / or celebrated by others. These findings point to a structured representation among readers, featuring elements of cohesion and sharing of ideas. This opens a path for future research on knowledge acquisition coming from biotechnology and studies that take into account the reified universe as a research subject and focus on the emergence of new representations.
Os três tempos da memória :aspectos psicossociais da memória social entre quilombolas do Norte do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-01-27) Valentim, Renata Patricia Forain de; Trindade, Zeidi Araújo; Nascimento, Adriano Roberto Afonso do; Nascimento, Ingrid Faria Gianordoli; Avellar, Luziane Zacché; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira
Relacionamentos românticos : modelos de qualidade e satisfação em relacionamentos de casal
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-02-23) Andrade, Alexsandro Luiz de; Garcia, Agnaldo; Miranda, Raquel Ferreira; Tokumaru, Rosana Suemi; Souza, Marcos Aguiar de; Queiroz, Sávio Silveira de
Satisfaction and quality of a romantic relationship are aspects related to quality of life, happiness and relationship maintenance. This doctoral research focused on understanding the determinants of quality in romantic relationships and four studies have been conducted: Study I - Development of the Multidimensional Measure of Quality of Romantic Relationships (AQUARELA-R); Study II - Predictive Model of Quality of Romantic Relationships; Study III - Validity and Reliability of Rating Scales of Constructs related to Romantic Relationships; Study IV - Structural Model of Quality in Romantic Relationships. A total of 1918 people of both sexes participated in the four studies. Participants were from four regions of Brazil and 871 (45.1%) were males. The average age of participants was 26.1 years. The results of the first study showed a psychometric instrument with parameters of accuracy and reliability appropriate for the assessment of five domains of quality in a relationship: love, sex, communication, commitment and intimacy. The study demonstrated how two variable components of love, sexual satisfaction and overall satisfaction with life, influence the overall satisfaction with the relationship. In the third study, exploratory and confirmatory aspects of validity and reliability of four psychometric instruments with elements of romantic relationships are reported: small version of the triangular love scale - ETAS, rating scale of quality in romantic relationships - AQUARELA R-marital inventory of social skills - MSSI and range of styles of love - LAS-Bra. The last study in turn presents structural equation models combining the constructs assessed by the scales validated in Study III. As results of this study three general models of quality in romantic relationships are presented: Multidimensional Model of Quality in Romantic Relationships - MMQRR; Model of Emotional-Assertive Quality – MEAQ; Assertive Cognitive Model of Quality - MCAQ. It is concluded that the objectives of this dissertation have been achieved and the model MCAQ was considered the most innovative, demonstrating the relationship of cognitive styles of adaptation, assertive 8 social skills and overall quality in the relationship as important elements in the manifestation of the love construct.
Comportamentos afetivo-motivacionais e de autorregulação em pré-escolares nascidos prematuras e com baixo peso :avaliação e intervenção em estratégias metacognitivas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-03-21) Turrini, Flávia Almeida; Enumo, Sônia Regina Fiorim; Cunha, Ana Cristina Barros da; Rossetti, Claudia Broetto; Queiroz, Sávio Silveira de; Dias, Tatiane Lebre
Comportements affectifs-motivationnels et en relation avec la métacognition de régulation à l’âge pré-scolaire peuvent servir de médiateur à la performance d’enfants dont le développement est en risque, comme dans les cas de prématurité et de bas poids à la naissance (PTBP), thème de la présente recherche, réalisée en trois études. Dans l’étude 1, on a appliqué le “Checklist pour Évaluation du Comportement Affectif Motivationnel Infantile” (ACAMI), à quinze enfants du G1-PTBP, pendant une épreuve cognitive assistée (CATM, avec les phases Sans Aide, Assistance, Maintien), qui a démontré, par là, des différences significatives dans les comportements “nonfacilitateurs” à toutes les étapes du CATM, notamment dans l’Engagement dans la Tâche et États Émotionnels, quand ces enfants ont été comparés à 15 enfants nés à terme (G2-AT), âgés de cinq ans. Les résultats ratifient la littérature qui met en relation des facteurs affectifs-motivationnels et performance cognitive, et la prématurité et le bas poids risquant des problèmes de conduite. Dans l’Étude 2, trente-quatre enfants du G1-PTBP (17) et du G2-AT (17) ont répondu à deux sous-tests d’une épreuve métacognitive assistée – Application of Cognitive Functions Scale (ACFS). Les comportements, pendant l’ ACFS ont été enrgistrés par la Behavior Observation Rating Scale (BORS). Les deux groupes, dans la phase SAJ, ont eu du mal à verbaliser des stratégies mnémoniques; mais ils ont eu une augmentation significative dans la moyenne de réussite dans les deux sous-tests dans la comparaison entre les étapes SAJ et MAN, utilisant, le plus souvent, la stratégie de Répétition. Dans la BORS, il y a eu des différences significatives en faveur du G2-AT en Autorégulation, Persistance et Tolérance à la Frustration, confirmant ainsi la différence entre les groupes, maintenant au moyen d’une épreuve assistée. L’étude 3 a analysé les effets d’un programme de mise en oeuvre de stratégies métacognitives (PPEM) dans la performance cognitive, métacognitive et comportementale de ces enfants dans une perspective presque expérimentale. Dans le pré-test, 17 enfants du G1-PTBP et 17 du G2-AT ont été évalués dans leur perfomance: cognitive assistée (CATM, opérations cognitives et ACAMI) e métacognitive assistée (ACFS). 13 enfants du G1-PTBP (15 séances, deux fois par semaine) ont été soumis au PPEM le programme étant intervenu en: (a) autorégulation comportementale, (b) apprentissage social et (c) suite et canons cognitifs. G1-PTBP (13) et G2-AT (16) sont passés par le post-test. Dans une autre étape (six mois après), G1- PTBP (9) a répondu aux épreuves assistées: cognitive (CATM) et métacognifive (ACFS). Dans le pré-test, G2-AT a été significativement mieux en: répertoire préalphabétisation (IAR); comportements intériorisants (CBCL); cognition (CATM) – niveaux de médiation; opérations cognitives), dans les comportements affectifsmotivationnels (ACAMI) et dans la “métacognition de régulation” (autorégulation, persistance et tolérance face à la frustration – ACFS). Après l’application du PPEM, un effet compensatoire s’est produit, restant sans différences en ce qui concerne des problèmes de conduite, répertoire pré-alphabétisation, niveaux de médiation et autorégulation. Dans la phase qui s’est suivie, G1-PTBP a amélioré dans les comportements affectifs-motivationnels (ACAMI). Le PPEM permis le développement de comportements d'autorégulation nécessaires à une bonne performance académique. Comme appendice, un châpitre de livre illustre deux cas de G1-PTBP, mettant en évidence le rôle des comportements affectis-motivationnels et d’autorégulation, en tant que facteurs de risque et de protection capables de servir de médiateur aux effets potentiels de risque au développement.
Familiares de pessoas com sofrimento psíquico e profissionais de saúde mental: encontros e desencontros
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-08-12) Constantinidis, Teresinha Cid; Andrade, Angela Nobre de; Menandro, Maria Cristina Smith; Avellar, Luziane Zacché; Novo, Helerina Aparecida; Moratto, Henriette Tognetti Penha
The guidelines in mental health care in Brazil, provide support for families of people with psychological distress. However, such family feel unprepared to deal with the duties of everyday life with their reatives and helplessness to the assistance they receive from mental health services. The mental health professionals, in turn, face difficulties in including the family in the therapeutic projects and assisting the person with mental disorder. Given these weaknesses in this relationship, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship established between these actors and to seek consideration of factors that interfere with a good possibility of meeting between them. In this sense, issues that were covered are configured as central to understanding the dimensions of this relationship, as the mode of subjectivity and the subject of ethics in the philosophy of Spinoza. The qualitative research approach was configured as a method to achieve those goals. Interviews were conducted with mental health professionals of two psychosocial care centers in the city of Vitória ES and relatives of users of these institutions. After analysis of the thematic content of these interviews were shown and discussed factors impasses to be faced in this relationship, such: as asylum logic present in the relationship that each of these subjects to establish insanity; the difficulty of the professional relationship with the otherness of the family, with guided practice in the polarization of knowledge in its moral and family dynamics in the rectification; disparity between supply and demand, without knowledge of the needs of these individuals. Families and professionals do not believe in the possibilities of this encounter and move away each other with their powers of action diminished. Relying on Spinozian philosophy, is discussed the causes of the drawbacks of this relationship and proposed ethics as a possible approach of joyful passions and power of these people to act.
Relacionamento professor-aluno no ensino médio : a perspectiva do aluno
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-08-29) Togatlian, Marco Aurélio; Garcia, Agnaldo; Tortella, Jussara Cristina Barboza; Miranda, Raquel Ferreira; Tokumaru, Rosana Suemi
The relationship between teacher and student is still poorly investigated. Most part of the studies on the topic emphasizes childhood education and elementary school. Until this time in the student's school life, personal relationships are regarded as one of the main variables that contribute to their future academic success. This study aims at investigating the relationship between teacher and student in high school, gateway to the university and, therefore, for future professionals. At this stage of life, the school does not seem to prioritize the relationship between teachers and their adolescent students. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of relationship between teacher and student in high school, trying to point out the convergences between what the students consider as important for a good relationship with their teachers and how students depict the ideal teacher. A hundred and twenty students regularly enrolled in the three grades of high school in the city of Rio de Janeiro participated in the study. The data were discussed based on studies about relationships and the proposals of Robert Hinde served as a theoretical reference for organizing and interpreting data. Two identical questionnaires with forty-six questions each divided into six dimensions according to the Hinde’s proposal for the studies about relationships have been used. One of the questionnaires was about the relationship with the teacher with which the student recognized to have the best relationship, and the other was directed to the teacher with whom the student considered to have the worst relationship. This instrument was designed to investigate the perception that the student had of the two specific teachers in personal and professional terms and aspects of his/her relationship with these teachers. The students pointed out a teacher with whom they considered to have the worst relationship and a teacher with whom they considered to have the best relationship. Part of these students (100) wrote a text between fifteen and twenty fife lines about the ideal teacher. The text was written after answering to the questionnaires. The essay on "The ideal teacher" was used for qualitative data analysis. An examination of the essays was done by content analysis. At the end, convergences and divergences between the questionnaires and essays have been pointed. Both the questionnaires and the essays revealed the centrality of the relationship between teacher and student from a professional and a personal point of view.

Navegar

Navegando Doutorado em Psicologia por Data de Publicação

Resultados por página

Opções de Ordenação