Mestrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas
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- ItemPesquisa de bactérias resistentes aos antimicrobianos em duas localidades do Estado do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-27) Mothé, Davi Abreu Carvalho; Santos, Kênia Valéria dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6871-3128; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9074173162086323; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8506942685475849; Apolônio, Ana Carolina Morais; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9049-7660; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7570808562726658; Resende, Juliana Alves; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5476-3754; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8223821041049149Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing concern, especially due to the spread of resistant bacteria in the environment, which can act as a reservoir for resistance genes. Vitória Bay and the Caramuru district in Espírito Santo, Brazil, stand out as hotspots for the study of AMR. The former because of the intense port activity and high flow of people and goods, and the latter because of agricultural and poultry production with intensive use of antimicrobials. Selective antimicrobial media were used to screen for the presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in water samples from Vitória Bay and in environmental samples from the Caramuru district: water, soil, poultry litter, wet bathroom surfaces, animal feces and flies. In Caramuru, 138 isolates were identified with a predominance of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter, while in Vitória Bay, 50 isolates were identified with a predominance of pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter pittii. Among the Gram-positive cocci, only Enterococcus spp. were found, one of which was resistant to vancomycin in Vitória Bay. Phenotypic tests confirmed the presence of multidrug-resistant isolates in different environmental sources, with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production more frequent in Vitória Bay. The production of metallo-beta-lactamases was observed in Enterobacter spp. in Caramuru and in K. pneumoniae in Vitória Bay, while resistance to polymyxin B was observed in E. asburiae, E. cloacae, E. coli, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa isolated from soil, toilets and water. Vitória Bay showed higher frequencies of MDR bacteria and resistance genes, including blaKPC, qnrS, rmtA and rmtG, while in Caramuru only blaTEM and blaCTX-M-1/2 were detected. These results show the diversity and prevalence of resistant bacteria in both rural and urban areas. These results demonstrate the diversity and prevalence of resistant bacteria in rural and urban areas. The detection of MDR bacteria in environments close to human interaction, including water used for irrigation and coastal areas, highlights a significant risk for the spread of antimicrobial resistance. These findings emphasize the urgent need for surveillance and control.
- ItemProspecção do uso do óleo vegetal da semente de guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense) como bioinsumo para uso farmacêutico(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-11-14) Cunha, Gabriel Mendes da; Giuberti, Cristiane dos Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0560-8731; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3644255863698492; Villanova, Janaína Cecília Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6166-1724; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4226187656439843; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0548-6110; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2430534515507507; Tavares, Guilherme Diniz; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6276-0994; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3891648050868116; Severi, Juliana Aparecida; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7516-2395; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4265400222421660The guanandi tree (Calophyllum brasiliense) is frequently utilized for reforestation of riparian forests and for obtaining high-quality wood. In recent years, its potential therapeutic benefits have been increasingly investigated. However, to date, there are no reports on the use of guanandi seed vegetable oil (GSGO) as an emollient in pharmaceutical formulations. Emollients are essential for skin hydration, as they form an occlusive barrier that helps retain natural moisture while improving softness and elasticity. The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using GSGO as an emollient in creams, partially or entirely replacing synthetic emollients such as liquid petrolatum and isopropyl myristate. Initially, the identification of key bioactive components and the physicochemical characterization of GSGO were performed through analyses of pH, spreadability, relative density, optical rotation, acid value, saponification value, and peroxide value. Subsequently, in vitro cytotoxicity and wound healing potential were investigated. Following these analyses, GSGO was incorporated into eight formulations at concentrations of 5% and 10% w/w, replacing synthetic emollients either partially or entirely. The formulations were visually characterized and subjected to thermal and mechanical stress tests for preliminary stability assessment. Among the eight formulations, four showed no signs of alteration. These formulations, containing 10% w/w GSGO, were selected for further study. The selected formulations were stored under different conditions (room temperature, refrigeration, and incubation) for evaluations at 24 hours (T0), 30 days (T1), and 60 days (T2). Macroscopic and microscopic analyses, thermal and mechanical stress tests, heating/cooling cycles, pH measurement, droplet size determination, texture profiling, and occlusive capacity assessments were conducted. Fatty acids accounted for 95% of the lipidic material, with profiles consistent with literature data. The relative density was comparable to other vegetable oils, exhibiting high viscosity and low spreadability. A saponification value close to 200 confirmed the presence of higher molecular weight fatty acids. Cytotoxicity tests indicated no toxic effects on fibroblasts, and the bioactive material promoted cell proliferation and significant reduction of wound area compared to untreated areas. GSGO did not exhibit antimicrobial activity against the tested strains at the applied concentrations. Analysis of the creams revealed stable emulsion systems with a slightly yellowish coloration and increased consistency after 24 hours. Microscopic evaluation showed well-dispersed spherical droplets without aggregation, phase separation, creaming, or flocculation. Based on these findings, one formulation was selected for wound healing research in an animal model, following approval by the Ethics Committee (CEUA protocol 012/2020). The selected formulation, containing 10% w/w GSGO (Anionic Base 2), fully replacing liquid petrolatum and isopropyl myristate, demonstrated wound area contraction in rats comparable to formulations containing allantoin, with and without the bioactive material. These findings support the feasibility of GSGO as an emollient. Overall, the results suggest that cold-pressed, unrefined guanandi seed vegetable oil obtained from naturally fallen fruits in the environment holds promise as a novel bioactive ingredient with emollient properties for pharmaceutical use, exhibiting moisturizing and wound-healing potential.
- ItemQuais fatores influenciam o envolvimento de pacientes, familiares e/ou cuidadores na segurança do uso de medicamentos no hospital? Uma revisão de escopo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-21) Martins, Bruna Lanes; Araújo, Dyego Carlos Souza Anacleto de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-465X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5120426619544250; Silvestre, Carina Carvalho; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2162-0810; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1791505264817019; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4479-2750; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4305360735331504; Nascimento, Mariana Martins Gonzaga do; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2183-4365; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4157162836464120; Varallo, Fabiana Rossi; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4016-1442; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8242821398408335Introduction: The involvement of patients, family members, and/or caregivers in the medication use process is a crucial strategy for promoting safety and optimizing health outcomes. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding a comprehensive synthesis of the factors influencing this involvement. Objective: To synthesize the factors that influence patient and family involvement in medication safety in the hospital setting. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Searches were performed in January 2024 in the Medline (via PubMed), LILACS, Embase, and Web of Science databases, as well as in gray literature, including dissertations and technical reports. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, extracting data based on pre-established criteria. The identified factors were categorized into categories and subcategories. Results: A total of 1,483 records were identified, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria. These studies were conducted in various countries, with Australia (n=4) and England (n=4) being the most represented. Patient perceptions of their involvement were assessed in all studies (n=17), while the perspectives of nurses (n=7), physicians (n=4), and pharmacists (n=3) were also explored. In total, 31 factors were identified and organized into four categories: patient-related (e.g., health literacy, confidence, interest; n=15), family or caregiver-related (e.g., caregiving role, prior experience; n=3), healthcare professional-related (e.g., communication, workload; n=7), and environment-related (e.g., noise, safety culture; n=6). Additionally, the studies highlighted barriers and facilitators influencing engagement, such as time constraints for healthcare professionals, fear of legal repercussions, and a lack of role clarity in the hospital setting. Conclusion: The factors influencing the involvement of hospitalized patients and their families in medication safety behaviors are broad and multifaceted. While some factors act as barriers, others facilitate engagement. These findings provide insights for developing strategies and policies aimed at enhancing patient safety in hospitals, with potential applicability to other healthcare settings.
- ItemPerfil clínico e farmacoterapêutico de pacientes diagnosticados com Covid-19 e atendidos em um hospital universitário(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-12-17) Santos, Geiza Almeida Louredo dos; Queiroz, Lorena Carnielli; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3834-8358; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6785064719400403; Ayres, Lorena Rocha; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4346-5281; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9912356382327501; Rocha, Kérilin Stancine Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2313-2140; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4216594263272412; Pereira, Mariana Linhares; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3214-2789; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5451495634201582Introduction. The COVID-19 pandemic contributed to the investigation of various therapeutic agents, aiming to assess their clinical efficacy in managing the disease. Research focused on identifying already known drugs that could offer benefits in the treatment of COVID-19, exploring both their clinical utility and the possibility of application in emergency and hospital settings. This also led to the conduction of clinical and epidemiological studies aimed at improving patient care. Objective. To analyze the clinical and pharmacotherapeutic profile of patients hospitalized with covid 19 at a University Hospital. Method. This is a cross-sectional, retrospective study, through the collection of electronic medical records of patients over 18 years old, hospitalized between January 1, 2020, and August 31, 2021, at a University Hospital (HUCAM) of Espírito Santo. The study involved characterizing the sociodemographic, clinical, and pharmacotherapeutic profiles of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Clinical parameters were assessed upon admission and at the discharge, and the association between sociodemographic and clinical factors and the use of repositioned drugs in the treatment of COVID-19 was analyzed. Results. The number of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 was higher in males (51.5%), with a mean age of 56.2 years. It was observed that hypertension was the most frequent comorbidity (55.6%). The median length of hospital stay of patients was eight days, ranging from four to 16 days. Dyspnea was the most frequent clinical manifestation. During hospitalization, 37.9% of patients required noninvasive oxygen therapy. Approximately one third of patients (33.8%) progressed to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS). Most patients (97%) used polypharmacy. A total of 96 different medications were prescribed upon hospital admission. Drugs were redirected for COVID-19, with enoxaparin being the most used medication (81.8%). The analysis reveals a significant correlation between the presence of comorbidities and the use of redirected medications. Less than 10% of patients with covid-19 died and the patients who died had a mean age of 65.2 (SD 14.1).Conclusion. This study highlights the importance of an individualized approach to the treatment of COVID-19. This approach should consider not only the viral infection but also the pre-existing conditions of patients. The data obtained indicate that the choice of repurposed drugs for COVID-19 is in accordance with emerging guidelines established for the clinical management of the disease.
- ItemTranstornos mentais comuns e uso de medicamentos psicotrópicos entre professores da rede estadual de ensino do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-04-01) Mazzini, Yohan Cancilheri; Araújo, Dyego Carlos Souza Anacleto de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6631-465X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5120426619544250; Ângelo, Vitor Amorim de; Aguiar, Patrícia MeloIntroduction: Common mental disorders and the use of psychotropic medications among teachers have become an issue of growing global concern. However, in Brazil, there is a lack of probabilistic studies with representative samples investigating the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as the use of psychotropic drugs in this specific population, limiting the understanding of the true magnitude of the problem. Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of common mental disorder symptoms and psychotropic medication use among public school teachers in Espírito Santo. Method: A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted with teachers from schools linked to the Carnapian Regional Education Superintendency (SER-Carapina). Teachers who were assigned to non-teaching roles were excluded. Cluster sampling was carried out, considering each school as a primary sampling unit. Data collection was conducted in person between January and February 2024, during the Pedagogical Planning Sessions in the randomly selected schools. Semi-structured questionnaires were applied, including questions on sociodemographic data, previous diagnosis of mental disorders, screening scales for anxiety, depression, insomnia, and burnout symptoms, as well as the profile of psychotropic medication use. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, Poisson regression with robust variance, and binary logistic regression. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (CAAE: 70203023.4.0000.5060). Results: A total of 453 teachers participated in the study. A previous diagnosis of anxiety and depression disorders was reported by 29.6% (n=134) and 14.8% (n=67) of teachers, respectively. Moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety and depression were observed in 32.7% (n=148) and 34.4% (n=156) of teachers. Additionally, 11.3% (n=51) presented suicidal or self-harm ideation with some frequency. Poisson regression indicated that being a woman, having another job besides teaching, and having clinical insomnia and burnout increased the prevalence ratio of anxiety symptoms, while being a woman, having clinical insomnia, and burnout increased the prevalence ratio of depression symptoms. The use of psychotropic medications was reported by 20.0% (n=90) of teachers, with the specific use of antidepressants observed in 16.9% (n=76). Most teachers began using these medications after 2020, with prescriptions primarily issued by psychiatrists. Poisson regression showed that being a woman, having clinical insomnia, and experiencing severe anxiety symptoms increased the prevalence ratio of psychotropic and antidepressant use. The use of benzodiazepines was reported by 6.8% (n=31) of teachers. Among users, 42.5% (n=14) had been using these medications for 2 to 5 years, and 39.4% (n=13) reported benzodiazepine use without an associated antidepressant. Binary logistic regression showed that severe anxiety symptoms and clinical insomnia increased the likelihood of benzodiazepine use, while having a partner reduced these chances. Conclusion: Teachers in Espírito Santo exhibited higher prevalence rates of common mental disorders compared to national and global population averages. The use of psychotropic medications, particularly antidepressants and benzodiazepines, was also higher than in other populations, highlighting the need for public policies aimed at workers’ health. These data highlight the need to implement multidimensional strategies that integrate individual actions, institutional support that includes modifying stressors, and robust public policies aimed at preventing mental illness and promoting the health of teachers.