Prospecção do uso do óleo vegetal da semente de guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense) como bioinsumo para uso farmacêutico
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Data
2024-11-14
Autores
Cunha, Gabriel Mendes da
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The guanandi tree (Calophyllum brasiliense) is frequently utilized for reforestation of riparian forests and for obtaining high-quality wood. In recent years, its potential therapeutic benefits have been increasingly investigated. However, to date, there are no reports on the use of guanandi seed vegetable oil (GSGO) as an emollient in pharmaceutical formulations. Emollients are essential for skin hydration, as they form an occlusive barrier that helps retain natural moisture while improving softness and elasticity. The primary objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of using GSGO as an emollient in creams, partially or entirely replacing synthetic emollients such as liquid petrolatum and isopropyl myristate. Initially, the identification of key bioactive components and the physicochemical characterization of GSGO were performed through analyses of pH, spreadability, relative density, optical rotation, acid value, saponification value, and peroxide value. Subsequently, in vitro cytotoxicity and wound healing potential were investigated. Following these analyses, GSGO was incorporated into eight formulations at concentrations of 5% and 10% w/w, replacing synthetic emollients either partially or entirely. The formulations were visually characterized and subjected to thermal and mechanical stress tests for preliminary stability assessment. Among the eight formulations, four showed no signs of alteration. These formulations, containing 10% w/w GSGO, were selected for further study. The selected formulations were stored under different conditions (room temperature, refrigeration, and incubation) for evaluations at 24 hours (T0), 30 days (T1), and 60 days (T2). Macroscopic and microscopic analyses, thermal and mechanical stress tests, heating/cooling cycles, pH measurement, droplet size determination, texture profiling, and occlusive capacity assessments were conducted. Fatty acids accounted for 95% of the lipidic material, with profiles consistent with literature data. The relative density was comparable to other vegetable oils, exhibiting high viscosity and low spreadability. A saponification value close to 200 confirmed the presence of higher molecular weight fatty acids. Cytotoxicity tests indicated no toxic effects on fibroblasts, and the bioactive material promoted cell proliferation and significant reduction of wound area compared to untreated areas. GSGO did not exhibit antimicrobial activity against the tested strains at the applied concentrations. Analysis of the creams revealed stable emulsion systems with a slightly yellowish coloration and increased consistency after 24 hours. Microscopic evaluation showed well-dispersed spherical droplets without aggregation, phase separation, creaming, or flocculation. Based on these findings, one formulation was selected for wound healing research in an animal model, following approval by the Ethics Committee (CEUA protocol 012/2020). The selected formulation, containing 10% w/w GSGO (Anionic Base 2), fully replacing liquid petrolatum and isopropyl myristate, demonstrated wound area contraction in rats comparable to formulations containing allantoin, with and without the bioactive material. These findings support the feasibility of GSGO as an emollient. Overall, the results suggest that cold-pressed, unrefined guanandi seed vegetable oil obtained from naturally fallen fruits in the environment holds promise as a novel bioactive ingredient with emollient properties for pharmaceutical use, exhibiting moisturizing and wound-healing potential.
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Emoliente , Hidratação , Atividade cicatrizante