Pesquisa de bactérias resistentes aos antimicrobianos em duas localidades do Estado do Espírito Santo
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Data
2025-02-27
Autores
Mothé, Davi Abreu Carvalho
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing concern, especially due to the spread of resistant bacteria in the environment, which can act as a reservoir for resistance genes. Vitória Bay and the Caramuru district in Espírito Santo, Brazil, stand out as hotspots for the study of AMR. The former because of the intense port activity and high flow of people and goods, and the latter because of agricultural and poultry production with intensive use of antimicrobials. Selective antimicrobial media were used to screen for the presence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in water samples from Vitória Bay and in environmental samples from the Caramuru district: water, soil, poultry litter, wet bathroom surfaces, animal feces and flies. In Caramuru, 138 isolates were identified with a predominance of Escherichia coli and Enterobacter, while in Vitória Bay, 50 isolates were identified with a predominance of pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter pittii. Among the Gram-positive cocci, only Enterococcus spp. were found, one of which was resistant to vancomycin in Vitória Bay. Phenotypic tests confirmed the presence of multidrug-resistant isolates in different environmental sources, with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) production more frequent in Vitória Bay. The production of metallo-beta-lactamases was observed in Enterobacter spp. in Caramuru and in K. pneumoniae in Vitória Bay, while resistance to polymyxin B was observed in E. asburiae, E. cloacae, E. coli, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa isolated from soil, toilets and water. Vitória Bay showed higher frequencies of MDR bacteria and resistance genes, including blaKPC, qnrS, rmtA and rmtG, while in Caramuru only blaTEM and blaCTX-M-1/2 were detected. These results show the diversity and prevalence of resistant bacteria in both rural and urban areas. These results demonstrate the diversity and prevalence of resistant bacteria in rural and urban areas. The detection of MDR bacteria in environments close to human interaction, including water used for irrigation and coastal areas, highlights a significant risk for the spread of antimicrobial resistance. These findings emphasize the urgent need for surveillance and control.
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Enterobacterales , Carbapenemases , Beta-lactamases de espectro estendido