Quais fatores influenciam o envolvimento de pacientes, familiares e/ou cuidadores na segurança do uso de medicamentos no hospital? Uma revisão de escopo
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Data
2025-02-21
Autores
Martins, Bruna Lanes
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Introduction: The involvement of patients, family members, and/or caregivers in the medication use process is a crucial strategy for promoting safety and optimizing health outcomes. However, there is a gap in the literature regarding a comprehensive synthesis of the factors influencing this involvement. Objective: To synthesize the factors that influence patient and family involvement in medication safety in the hospital setting. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Searches were performed in January 2024 in the Medline (via PubMed), LILACS, Embase, and Web of Science databases, as well as in gray literature, including dissertations and technical reports. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts, extracting data based on pre-established criteria. The identified factors were categorized into categories and subcategories. Results: A total of 1,483 records were identified, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria. These studies were conducted in various countries, with Australia (n=4) and England (n=4) being the most represented. Patient perceptions of their involvement were assessed in all studies (n=17), while the perspectives of nurses (n=7), physicians (n=4), and pharmacists (n=3) were also explored. In total, 31 factors were identified and organized into four categories: patient-related (e.g., health literacy, confidence, interest; n=15), family or caregiver-related (e.g., caregiving role, prior experience; n=3), healthcare professional-related (e.g., communication, workload; n=7), and environment-related (e.g., noise, safety culture; n=6). Additionally, the studies highlighted barriers and facilitators influencing engagement, such as time constraints for healthcare professionals, fear of legal repercussions, and a lack of role clarity in the hospital setting. Conclusion: The factors influencing the involvement of hospitalized patients and their families in medication safety behaviors are broad and multifaceted. While some factors act as barriers, others facilitate engagement. These findings provide insights for developing strategies and policies aimed at enhancing patient safety in hospitals, with potential applicability to other healthcare settings.
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Palavras-chave
Segurança do paciente , Envolvimento do paciente , Erros de medicação