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- ItemPromoção da saúde mental entre universitários da saúde: estudo multicêntrico(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2026-01-30) Ledesma, Karla Mayerling Paz; Sequeira, Carlos Alberto da Cruz; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5620-3478; https://lattes.cnpq.br/; Siqueira, Marluce Mechelli; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6706-5015; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5309001654924097; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2871-8810; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1093719473756839; Pillon, Sandra Cristina; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8902-7549; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0386683926064287; Milanés, Zuleima Cogollo; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3310-4052; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7427613853038834; Marchi, Barbara Frigini De; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7092-6819; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6981421939343347; Xavier, Fabiana Gonring; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-8112; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3162042983625740Introduction: Although interest in the mental health of students in health-related programs has increased in recent decades, scientific production in Latin America and institutional interventions remain predominantly oriented toward a pathocentric perspective. This context highlights the need to incorporate approaches focused on the promotion of positive mental health, capable of recognizing resources, capacities, and contextual determinants associated with well-being and healthy functioning among university students. Objectives: This study was designed with three main and interrelated objectives. The first was to analyze the scientific literature on factors associated with positive mental health among university students in Latin America. The second aimed to examine the relationship between positive mental health indicators— positive mental health, positive mental health literacy, sense of coherence, and decision-making style—among nursing and medical students in Brazil and Colombia, considering the influence of socioeconomic factors, the academic environment, and health-related behaviors. The third objective involved the development and implementation of actions to promote positive mental health, integrating teaching and university extension practices. Methods: This multicenter study adopted a mixed methods approach and was conducted in three complementary stages. The first stage consisted of a scoping review carried out in accordance with PRISMA-ScR and Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, with support from the Rayyan software for study management and screening. The second stage comprised a cross-sectional study with 935 nursing and medical students from Brazil and Colombia, in which the Positive Mental Health Literacy Scale was transculturally adapted and validated following the COSMIN (Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments) criteria. Descriptive analyses of participant characteristics and positive mental health indicators were subsequently performed. Explanatory relationships between contextual factors and mental health indicators were examined using correlation analyses and structural equation modeling. All analyses were conducted using Jamovi version 2.6.26. The third stage focused on the development and implementation of positive mental health promotion actions, assessed through systematic documentation and reflective records of extension and educational experiences. Results: The findings indicate that positive mental health and positive mental health literacy are relevant and interrelated constructs for understanding the mental health of health sciences students in Latin America.The transcultural adaptation of the Positive Mental Health Literacy Scale demonstrated adequate psychometric properties in both Brazilian and Colombian contexts, with high internal consistency and measurement equivalence across countries. In the explanatory analysis, positive mental health was associated with contextual determinants related to life cycle characteristics, the academic environment, and health conditions and behaviors, whereas positive mental health literacy showed more selective associations, particularly with features of the educational context. The analytical model presented acceptable global fit, supporting the complexity of the relationships examined. The promotion actions integrated teaching, research, and extension activities, with emphasis on the use of circular dance as an educational and community-based resource, the creation of the Positive Mental Health Oracle, and the proposal of the Latin American Network for Positive Mental Health, thereby expanding the formative, social, and institutional reach of the study’s findings. Conclusion: This thesis demonstrates that promoting positive mental health in the university context requires integrated approaches that are sensitive to contextual determinants and articulated with academic training. By integrating empirical evidence, instrument validation, and extension-based actions, the study contributes to the advancement of positive mental health promotion in Latin America.
- ItemA trajetória da pastoral da saúde na implantação da fitoterapia na região metropolitana do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-09-12) Sacramento, Henriqueta Tereza do; Xavier, Fabiana Gonring; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8256-8112; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3162042983625740; Siqueira, Marluce Mechelli de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6706-5015; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5309001654924097; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7564-560X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1417974094971788; Bandeira, Mary Anne Medeiros; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-1262-0174; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6291887019034026; Pereira, Ana Maria Soares; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3478-4718; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3440434999860942; Carlos, Euzeneia; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0553-2746; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5041035987649708; Oliveira, Osvaldo Martins de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-6722; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3039095049409337Introduction: The Pastoral care in health is a civic-religious organization that develops health promotion and education initiatives, using herbal medicine and medicinal plants in healthcare for the population, through the implementation of community pharmacies within or near parishes. Medicinal plants are a therapeutic resource in the community and represent one of the first forms of care used by populations worldwide, related to tradition and culture. Objective: To understand the trajectory of pastoral health care for the implementation of phytotherapy in municipalities in the metropolitan region of Espírito Santo (ES). Methodology: The research used a combined methodological approach, integrating bibliographic review and field research. The documentary analysis explored publications from the Archdiocese of Vitória, the CNBB, and the Vatican from 1990 to 2020, and the literature review sought Brazilian scientific production from 2006 to 2024. A theoretical-conceptual essay was conducted, anchored in Boaventura de Souza Santos' “ecology of knowledge” and Morin's theory of complexity, articulating reflections on women's participation in pastoral health care practices and related national policies, such as Medicinal Plants and Phytotherapic Medicines, Integrative and Complementary Practices, in addition to the strategies of the World Health Organization (WHO). The empirical, qualitative research was conducted through semi-structured interviews with eight pastoral health agents in seven municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of ES. The data were analyzed according to Bardin's content analysis. Results: The work of the pastoral health agents, mostly Catholic women who support parish priests, is rooted in the context studied, and difficulties are overcome by the support they receive from the community itself. For health care, they resort to different types of care, methods of preparation, and provision of herbal medicines, with autonomy to decide on the model adopted. However, the lack of coordination with the Unified Health System hinders the dissemination of their work and keeps herbal medicine invisible. Despite their extensive work and accumulated experience, there is a significant gap in scientific production on the efficacy and safety of the species used by pastoral health care, pointing to the need to include the topic of herbal medicine in undergraduate and graduate courses and in the training of health professionals. Phytotherapy practiced by pastoral health agents combines science, tradition, and social practice as a strategy for community resilience and health autonomy and recognizes the interdependence between humans, plants, and spirituality. However, it is necessary to reflect, based on the epistemology of complexity and ecology of knowledge, whether the practice promoted by pastoral health agents can be called Integrative Community Phytotherapy, that is, a health care practice that articulates popular and scientific knowledge, society, and nature, promoting autonomy and community bonds through the conscious and contextualized use of medicinal plants, from an ecological, ethical, and integrative perspective
- ItemSaúde da população negra e vigilância em saúde: potências, ambivalências e caminhos para equidade racial(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-09-26) Cordeiro, Marcos Vinicius da Silva; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-3355 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761398932271892; Lima, Rita de Cássia Duarte; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5931-398X ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2384472795664270; https://orcid.org/000-0002-8992-5514; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2323462352006932; Santos, Patrícia Carla dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1024-4378 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0139281486520973; Bracet, Margareth Attianezi; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3627-5375 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4274985811833201; Andrade, Maria Angélica Carvalho ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-6416 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5427520110626795The doctoral thesis “Black Population Health and Health Surveillance: Potentials, Ambivalences, and Pathways to Racial Equity” aimed to analyze the actions of Health and Environmental Surveillance that contribute to the implementation and strengthening of Black Population Health and to addressing racism within Brazil’s Unified Health System (SUS). Structured in four articles, the research examined the integration between the National Policy for the Comprehensive Health of the Black Population (PNSIPN) and the National Health Surveillance Policy (PNVS), as well as the quality of health information disaggregated by race/color. The first article identified convergences and gaps between the two policies, emphasizing the need for stronger articulation and competency frameworks that incorporate the fight against racism as a cross-cutting directive. The second article analyzed the incompleteness of the race/color variable in national health information systems (2010–2023), highlighting recent improvements but persistent regional and thematic inequalities. The third article, a systematic review (2000–2024), revealed that national literature acknowledges the low quality of records, though rarely links it explicitly to institutional racism. The fourth article discussed recent Ministry of Health initiatives to improve racial data, pointing to progress in transparency and monitoring, while underscoring ongoing challenges in institutionalization and integration. The thesis concludes that Health Surveillance has an ambivalent role: it can enhance statistical visibility and inform equity-oriented policies, yet also reproduce invisibility when guided by technocratic logics. Building an anti-racist epidemiology, alongside strengthening critical training and information democratization, is essential for Health Surveillance to function as a strategic tool in confronting racial inequalities and ensuring the right to health within SUS and strengthening of the PNSIPN integrated with the PNVS.
- ItemDesvelando o contexto de vida de crianças refugiadas no Espírito Santo: uma abordagem criativa e sensível(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-12-12) Antonio, Suzana; Andrade, Maria Angélica Carvalho; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-6416; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5427520110626795; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6157-3759; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5928824592839198; Silva, Liliane Faria da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9125-1053; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9071782541107295; Filippon, Jonathan Gonçalves; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3907-1992; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1655529281503303; Deps, Patrícia Duarte; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9707-1934; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9820695143683631; Nascimento, Luciana de Cássia Nunes; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4947-5480; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8473253145955850The migratory crisis is an ancient phenomenon that has recently become one of the main global concerns, leading millions of people to seek better living conditions and protection from political or religious persecution, armed conflicts, natural disasters, and other factors, including family reunification. Children and adolescents face unique challenges when seeking refuge, such as lack of access to essential services, family separation, language barriers, exploitation, violence, and abuse, due to their vulnerability. Therefore, it is essential to understand the life context of these children, considering their multiple dimensions. In this regard, this study aimed to analyze the life context of refugee and asylum-seeking children in Espírito Santo, Brazil, based on their own perceptions, understanding their living conditions, describing their migratory trajectories, and investigating their perspectives about the future. The research was conducted from a historical-cultural perspective, grounded in Lev S. Vygotsky’s contributions to human development and the importance of social and cultural interactions in the constitution of subjects. A qualitative approach was adopted, developed through the Creative and Sensitive Method, using the “Almanaque” dynamic as a strategy to foster children’s expression and the sharing of experiences. The study included ten Venezuelan refugee children living in the state of Espírito Santo. Data were generated between October 2024 and January 2025, after approval by the Research Ethics Committee of this university and conducted in accordance with Resolution No. 466/12 of the National Health Council. Data analysis followed Bardin’s Thematic Content Analysis. The results revealed the life context of refugee children in Espírito Santo, highlighting that learning Portuguese, along with preserving their mother tongue, proved fundamental to fostering belonging and cultural mediation. Experiences related to housing, food, and health reflected dimensions of safety, identity, and care, while school emerged as a space for socialization and learning, although marked by challenges such as prejudice and bullying. Leisure activities, including play, extracurricular practices, and the use of technology, as well as religious practices and interpersonal relationships with family, friends, neighbors, and support networks were found to be essential for coexistence and emotional support. Memories of life in Venezuela and the feeling of “saudade” (longing) revealed the continuity of family and cultural ties maintained across distance. Migratory trajectories were characterized by ruptures, fears, and adaptations, but also by solidarity and reconstruction. Future perspectives expressed dreams and hopes that cross borders, reflecting both the desire to remain in Brazil and to return to Venezuela, while keeping emotional and cultural ties to the country of origin alive. Thus, understanding the life context of these children requires listening to them as active subjects of their own stories. Their narratives reveal processes of re-signifying displacement experiences and reconstructing childhood in a new territory, permeated by challenges, but also by affection, learning, and hope.
- ItemAnálise epidemiológica da Covid-19 em indígenas aldeados do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-09-24) Siqueira, Priscila Carminati; Sales, Carolina Maia Martins ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2879-5621; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3613476296412930; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4826-3355; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761398932271892; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3346-3509; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4953147289751955; Viana, Paulo Victor de Sousa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8449-2705; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9909353180551424; Jezus, Sonia Vivian de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0423-8927; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0820815379109713; Negri, Letícya dos Santos Almeida ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-4506; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1856133153859244; Prado, Thiago Nascimento do ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8132-6288; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6388559394015871Introduction: Indigenous peoples are more vulnerable to illness and death from COVID 19, since infectious and parasitic diseases rank among the main causes of mortality in these populations, especially when compared to other ethnic and racial groups. This vulnerability is intensified by their collective way of life, cultural traditions that favor the spread of SARS-CoV-2 within communities, as well as social inequalities, difficulties in accessing health services, and the geographic locations of the villages. General objective: To analyze the epidemiology of COVID-19 among the Indigenous population living in villages in the state of Espírito Santo, from 2020 to 2024. Methods: This thesis is structured in the form of four scientific manuscripts, each with a specific objective. Accordingly, each manuscript adopts its own methodological procedures, which together comprise the overall research results and are presented in detail in the individual description of each product. Results: The scoping review initially identified 2,224 studies, resulting in a final sample of 47 publications. The countries with the largest number of studies were the United States, Brazil, and Mexico, with a concentration in 2021 (42.6%). A higher number of deaths was observed among Indigenous males over 60 years of age. The most prevalent comorbidities were cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, and obesity. Incidence and mortality rates were higher among Indigenous peoples compared to other racial groups. The completeness analysis of COVID-19 notification forms for Indigenous villagers in Espírito Santo in 2020 showed “excellent” completeness (65.3%), although “very poor” completeness was found in 19.2% of the evaluated items, indicating that some variables in the forms had low data recording quality. The epidemiological profile analysis of the Indigenous population in Espírito Santo from 2020 to 2024 showed a cumulative incidence rate of 30,860.07 per 100,000 inhabitants, mortality rate of 118.09 per 100,000 inhabitants, and a case fatality rate of 0.38%. The highest concentration of COVID-19 cases in this population occurred in 2022, with a downward trend in the following years. Women (55.74%) and Tupiniquim individuals (92.28%) predominated, with the age group of 18–59 years (65.05%) and a mean age of 31.5 years. Deaths occurred in individuals aged ≥18 years, being more frequent among those aged ≥80 years (13.64%, p<0.001), with a mean age at death of 74 years. The highest incidences were recorded in the villages of Pau Brasil, Boa Esperança, and Caieiras Velha. The villages of Guaxindiba, Novo Brasil, and Olho d’Água reported no cases of the disease. The highest mortality and case fatality rates occurred in the village of Areal (395.25 per 100,000 inhabitants; 3.84%). Conclusion: Indigenous peoples present a complex and dynamic health profile, directly related to historical processes of social, economic, and environmental change, linked to the expansion and consolidation of demographic and economic frontiers of society across different regions of Brazil. Over the centuries, these frontiers have exerted significant influence on the determinants of Indigenous health, whether through the introduction of new pathogens causing severe epidemics, the usurpation of territories hindering or preventing subsistence, or the persecution and killing of individuals and even entire communities. Currently, other challenges to Indigenous health have emerged, such as chronic non-communicable diseases, environmental contamination, and food sustainability difficulties. Therefore, it is essential to implement public policies aimed at controlling risk factors within communities, expanding access to health services, and strengthening vaccination campaigns, in order to prevent new outbreaks of COVID-19 and other vaccine-preventable diseases in the villages