Trabalho remoto, atividades de bem-estar e mudanças nos hábitos de vida durante a pandemia da Covid-19: resultados do ELSA-Brasil
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Data
2025-05-19
Autores
Martins, Haysla Xavier
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
As a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent recommendation of social distancing, there have been changes in the lifestyle habits of several populations around the world. Among these, the adoption of remote work as an alternative to maintaining work activities stands out. Despite its advantages, there is evidence that remote work implies longer working hours and greater pressure on professional performance, interfering with other aspects of workers' lives and health. It is therefore important to identify the conditions of this remote work and its relationship with lifestyle habits. In addition, it is proposed to evaluate other changes resulting from social distancing, as in the practice of physical activity and its association with the perception of weight gain. Therefore, this doctoral thesis addresses the theme of changes in lifestyle habits and remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results are structured in three original manuscripts. Data from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health – ELSA-Brasil, from the second follow-up visit – Wave 3 (2017-2019) and from Wave-COVID (July/2020 to February/2021) were used. Data collection for Wave 3 was carried out in person, where clinical examinations and interviews were conducted at the Research Centers participating in the study. In Wave-COVID, data collection was conducted through a digital platform in which participants were encouraged to answer four questionnaire modules that covered questions about adherence to social distancing, exposure, signs and symptoms of COVID-19, lifestyle habits, diet, occupational history, among other topics. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences – SPSS 21.0, adopting a significance level of p < 0.05. The first manuscript aimed to identify the eating habits associated with remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic, through a cross-sectional study with 2,463 active workers in the Wave-COVID. It was identified that 78% were in the remote modality. In the adjusted model, there was a greater chance of cooking among individuals who were working remotely, both for men (OR = 2.45 95% CI: 1.75-3.42) and for women (OR = 2.93 95% CI 2.19-3.92), compared to those working in person. No difference was observed between the food quality score and work modality. However, when evaluating the score by fast food delivery utilization, those who used it weekly had worse food quality. The second manuscript aimed to describe the practices of well being activities during COVID-19 and to verify the association between the occurrence of these activities and Work-time control (WTC) in remote modality based on the cross sectional analysis of data from Wave-COVID. Information from 1,987 active workers who worked remotely was evaluated. The most mentioned activity was “Watching TV/Movies/Series” (91.2%) by men and “Cooking” (93.7%) by women. Adjusted regression models indicated that the prevalence of “praying or participating in prayer groups”, “physical activity/stretching indoors” and “reading books/magazines” were higher in men with strong WTC compared to those with weak WTC (PR = 1.30 [95%CI 1.11–1.53]; PR = 1.15 [95%CI 1.02–1.31]; PR = 1.08 [95%CI 1.01–1.15], respectively). Among women, the prevalence of “deep breathing techniques” and “physical activity/stretching indoors” were significantly higher among those with strong WTC (PR = 1.17 [95%CI 1.005–1.37] and PR = 1.16 [95%CI 1.03–1.32], respectively). The third manuscript aimed to identify the association between changes in leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and perceived weight gain during the COVID-19 pandemic. A longitudinal analysis was conducted with data from 4,402 individuals between Wave 3 and Wave-COVID. Individuals who reduced their LTPA levels to the point of changing their classification were more likely to present perceived weight gain. Specifically, those who were moderately active in Wave 3 and became sedentary (OR = 1.5 [95% CI 1.2-1.9]) or had low LTPA levels in Wave-COVID (OR = 1.6 [95% CI 1.2-2.1]); those who were highly active in Wave 3 and had low LTPA levels in Wave-COVID (OR = 2.3 [95% CI 1.05-5.4]). The results of this thesis elucidate some of the changes in the lifestyle habits of Brazilian public servants during the COVID-19 health crisis, especially regarding diet and physical activity. Furthermore, the role of the mandatory transition to remote work in the occurrence of certain changes in individuals' lifestyles is discussed. Finally, the importance of autonomy and flexibility in the remote work environment, as reflected in the WTC assessment, and the impact on the performance of self-care activities are also addressed. It is expected that these findings will foster knowledge about an unprecedented scenario, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and contribute to future discussions around the consequences of the changes examined here.
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Atividades de lazer , Isolamento social , Estilo de vida