Doutorado em Oceanografia Ambiental
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2007
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE(Portaria MEC Nº 609 de 14/03/2019) Publicação no DOU em 18/03/2019 Seç. 1, Pág. 63. Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Área(s) de concentração: Sistemas Costeiros e Marinhos
Url do curso: https://oceanografia.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGOA/detalhes-do-curso?id=1469
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Submissões Recentes
- ItemBiogeoquímica de lipídios em sedimentos da Foz do Rio Doce após a chegada dos rejeitos da barragem de Fundão(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-08-23) Resende, Jéssica Sonaly da Silva; Pereira, Ricardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7737-3206; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751528202763089; Rodrigues Neto, Renato; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0803-4435; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1931267781220159; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7454-5415; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6626101672950113; Tognella, Mônica Maria Pereira ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1521-8251; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4839030389862403; Barroso, Gilberto Fonseca; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4886-4890; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505958970169325; Combi, Tatiane; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-7445; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5971387012451773; Madureira, Luiz Augusto dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0888323328934131Environmental studies focused on understanding the origin of organic matter (OM) have been widely addressed in coastal ecosystems, especially with constant anthropic interference, making them more vulnerable. Tools known as molecular markers have become effective as they indicate the occurrence of a specific source or processes. In this study, the organic compounds Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (AHs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Sterols, which are widely used to help understand the origin of sedimentary organic matter (SOM), were analyzed. Doce River Mouth (DRM) was directly impacted by the biggest environmental accident involving iron ore tailings, which released about 60 million m3 of tailings into the Doce River channel with the rupture of the Fundão dam, causing major environmental and social impacts. In order to understand how the arrival of the mud has been influenced the sediments of the DRM two short cores were collected in August 2017 (dry winter period), and samples of surface sediments from 15 stations distributed by the DRM were collected in 4 campaigns (August 2017 and 2018; and February 2018 and 2019) to understand the influence of seasonality on biogeochemical processes involving these organic compounds. Results of environmental parameters such as: %TOC, %TN, C/N and molecular markers widely used to evaluate possible sources of organic matter, such as Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (HAs) as well as the δ13C from specific chains of n-alkanes, PAHs and sterols are discussed. The results found for the cores showed that fine grains predominated, n-alkanes indicated an increase in the contribution of terrestrial OM with depth, PAHs showed moderate pyrolytic contamination, with a predominance of compounds with high molecular weight (HMW). The fecal sterol concentrations showed that the surface sedimentary of the cores had a lower sewage signal than before the mud, that is, a dilution of the sewage by the tailings probably occurred. For surface sediments, the sand fraction predominated, as well as the C/N with indices suggesting autochthonous sources, in the 4 campaigns. The HAs have indices that indicate petrogenic sources, with emphasis on the n-C24 chain with the highest concentration, however there are also other index indicating the contribution of terrestrial vegetation, which may indicate a mixture of sources. PAHs from HMW predominated showing a greater pyrolytic contribution, while sterols show a greater contribution from higher plant sources
- ItemUm ponto de esperança na conservação dos peixes no monumento natural das Ilhas Cagarras e águas do entorno/RJ(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-06-18) Machado, Augusto Alves; Andrade, Áthila Bertoncini ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6310-0127; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0192715307458262; Silva, Mauricio Hostim ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5061-9125; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7529427825546114; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0062-2435; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1477118850605742; Farro, Ana Paula Cazerta ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-1653; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0283101629974718; Bezerra, Natalia Priscila Alves ; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5613525779232672; Rolim, Fernanda Andreoli ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3761-3970; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5622964205682915; Teixeira, Larissa Marques Pires ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5885-7777; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4670453859279652Marine protected areas are legally designated spaces that aim to conserve marine environment and its ecosystems services. In this context, the Cagarras Islands Natural Monument (MONA Cagarras) is a no-take zone located at Rio de Janeiro City, RJ. Due to their high species richness and abundance, the Cagarras Islands and the surrounding waters were recognized as a Hope Spot for global marine conservation. Among the forms of life in this region, fish are essential components in tropical marine trophic food web, being important in the dispersion of nutrients and providing food and income for millions of people worldwide. Despite its relevance, the fish fauna of MONA Cagarras has been suffering from severe impacts, such as pollution, overfishing, marine litter, dispersion of invasive species and others. In light of this, the present thesis aimed to evaluate the effects of MONA Cagarras on the conservation of fish fauna. In this study, during the years 2020 and 2022, were carried out samplings on fish communities, marine litter, and non-native species in MONA Cagarras and the surrounding islands using non-destructive techniques. During this period, 576 Underwater Visual Censuses (UVC) and 288 Submersible Rotating Videos (SRV) were carried out inside and outside of the protected areas. In this way, this study recorded through field sampling, bibliographic review and fishing landing data more than 282 fish species, including more than 21 new records for this area. From this total, about the 6% are endemic to the Brazilian province and 10.5% are in one of the IUCN threatened categories. Furthermore, the results highlighted plastic as one of the main threats to the health of fish fauna, being the main category encountered in the region. This study also identified about 15 non-native species, including four new records for the study area. Among them, the Sun Coral was widely reported on the sampled islands and with evidence of causing negative effects on the reef fish community. However, even in this scenario, the median values of fish richness (8,0 – SRV / 12,0 - UVC) and density (70,74 individuals per 100m² - SRV) within MONA Cagarras were higher when compared to the surrounding islands. The Hope Spot recognition itself will not be enough to protect this area, it is necessary to work together between the management of MONA Cagarras and different stakeholders to mitigate negative impacts. Finally, it is expected that the results of this thesis will contribute to improving the environmental quality of MONA Cagarras and that it will become better known and valued by everyone
- ItemAbordagem multiescalar da variação energética de ondas e a resposta de praias de Marataízes, ES(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-03-23) Eguchi, Branco Mateus Murata; Albino, Jacqueline; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-9227; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1609264897582182; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9795-780X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6848945037305152; Muehe, Dieter Carl Ernst Heino; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6061-4034; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6017845242163890; Oliveira, Leonardo Azevedo Klumb; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6537-210X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2591010762995842; Oliveira, Kyssyanne Samihra Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-1984; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0954756171047598; Souza, Celia Regina de GouveiaHow to deal with the different time and space scales of coastal processes is a major concern in evaluate coastal impacts. In order to better comprehend these processes, it is important to understand the energy input in regional scale, such as waves and tides, and how local coastal features are able to modify this input. Despite the focus on local coastal processes, this thesis is based on series of replicable methodologies, aiming to characterize coastal processes and vulnerability in different time and space scales. First step was to determine oceanographic energy inputs for the whole region, for example, waves, astronomical tide and extreme waves. Moreover, a correlation between extreme waves parameters and the modes of climate variation El Ninõ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) e Southern Annular Oscillation (SAM). The second part of the thesis regarded to determine the effects of local ocean floor morphology on wave energy and how beaches respond to these variations. Also, a coastal susceptibility index was proposed based on wave energy variations and beach responses. Lastly, the impacts of a storm were quantified comparing beach profile changes before and after. Wave climate showed a bimodal pattern with easterly waves related to good weather and southeasterly waves associated to storms. Extreme waves presented significant height and duration of 1,72 m and 48 h, respectively. The highest values of extreme wave energy, duration and quantity occurred during neutral phase of ENSO and negative phase of SAM. In contrast, the lowest values occurred during the positive phase of both modes simultaneously. Easterly waves showed a pattern of energy increase of 30% as they propagate from deep to shallow waters. Waves coming from southeast also presented an increase of wave energy, but of only 9%. In general, all post-storm beach profiles showed no major impacts. In conclusion, extreme wave season begins in July and peaks in September. Extreme waves change from highly energetic and lasting, in early season, to more frequent but briefer, late in the season. Wave energy dissipation at shallow waters occurs differently along the coast. In the long term, beach profiles may not be able to resist to storm impacts.
- ItemManguezal como sumidouro para ferro e alumínio: Estudo de caso para Rhizophora mangle L.(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-03-28) Barcelos, Ully Depolo; Tognella, Mônica Maria Pereira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1521-8251; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4839030389862403; https://orcid.org/0000000349335912; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3257223055821971; Kuroshima, Kátia Naomi; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4261-9878; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8537824513641643; Oliveira, Viviane Fernandez de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9071-758X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1166036864087415; Martins, Agnaldo Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000321601326; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9929035189946817; Ghisolfi, Renato David; https://orcid.org/0000000196956442; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3746397954560718Mangroves are highly productive and resilient environments. However, anthropogenic pressures associated with natural stressors cause this resilience to decrease. Trace metals are among the main anthropogenic pollutants affecting mangroves. Mangrove forests are considered to be sinks for these pollutants because of their capacity to retain them in the sediment and in the vegetal biomass. This work was developed from the ex situ cultivation of Rhizophora mangle L. seedlings cultivated in different concentrations of iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al). This thesis is composed of three chapters. The first evaluated the effect of Fe on the development, growth and physiology of Rhizophora mangle seedlings. At the end of the experiment a reduction in photosynthetic performance, reduced leaf production was observed at the highest concentration (315 μmol L -1 ). The higher the concentration of the metal in the culture medium the higher was the bioaccumulation of Fe in the plant biomass, being the roots responsible for the highest accumulation. The second chapter analyzed the morphological and physiological responses of R. mangle seedlings in different Al concentrations. Seedlings exposed to excess Al showed a reduction in photosynthetic performance and reduction of root biomass. The roots were also responsible for the higher accumulation of Al in relation to the aboveground part. This similar response for both metals suggests that the species has defense mechanisms to prevent the entry of metals especially when they are in high concentrations, such as the ultrafiltration process. The results presented show the plasticity of the species in dealing with stressors. The third chapter aimed to define sample and plot sizes in ex situ experiments using R. mangle propagules. Morphological parameters (fresh mass, length, basal middle and apical diameter) of propagules collected at the natural mouth of the Itaúnas river estuary in six different seasons were used. Initially, descriptive statistics were performed along with linear correlation measures and normality test, sample sizing and optimal plot size (top) methodologies were defined. For experiments that do not involve experimental design (i.e. sun and shade) the amount of propagules used is determined by bootstrap interval estimation where N is defined as a function of tolerated errors around the mean. The Hatheway method should be used to determine the optimum plot size for the installation of experiments in Completely Randomized Design (DIC) and Randomized Block Design (BCD). The number of seedlings per plot will be defined as a function of the number of treatments, repetitions and assumed precision. This definition of sample size and plot size is important because there is no standardization of the same in in situ and ex situ experiments with mangrove seedlings.
- ItemRegistros estratigráficos e morfológicos da variabilidade eustática e paleoambiental pós-último máximo glacial na plataforma continental leste-sudeste do Brasil(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-07-04) Cetto, Paulo Henrique; Bastos, Alex Cardoso; https://orcid.org/0000000212721134; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2951081353357019; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0710868090726510; Silva, Cleverson Guizan; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2192755725741120; Vital, Helenice; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-9028; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3595069999049968; Albuquerque, Ana Luiza Spadano; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1267-6190; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4016720596063058; Jovane, LuigiSeveral morphological and stratigraphic data around the world have evidenced the variable character of the rates of sea-level rise during the last post-LGM marine transgression, exhibiting periods of acceleration, known as "melt water pulses," usually preceded by stillstands, in compass with the retreat and advance of the polar ice caps and ocean-atmosphere rearrangement phenomena in the NH. Passive and tectonically stable far-field continental margins, away from focal points of glaciers melting, like those in the South Atlantic, tend to properly record the sea-level rise process during the last deglaciation as a function of minimal isostasy components; however, studies on this subject are still relatively scarce in this region. In order to explore this lack, the present work investigates the influence of post-LGM eustatic/paleoclimatic phenomena triggered in the NH in the geomorphological and paleoenvironmental conditioning of the east-southeast Brazilian continental margin. In a first moment, the influence of sea-level variation processes was inferred by comparing depths of the bottom and/or subbottom morphologies of 3 different sectors of the shelf (“Abrolhos Depression - DA,” “Central-Northeast outer shelf of Espírito Santo”- PECNES and “California Reef” – RC) with the eustatic curves available in the literature. The results suggest that the deceleration of sea-level rise during the Younger Dryas (YD) favored the development of coastal barrier-lagoon systems in the vicinity of river mouths, as observed in DA and PECNES. In sectors dissociated from this terrigenous influence, erosion processes would dominate the shoreline with the formation of abrasion terraces and cliffs, such as on the flanks of the prominent marginal banks of the DA. Low gradient regions, which would behave like open shallow marine environments during the YD, would potentially favor the development of fringing reefs, such as in the northeast sector of PECNES. All these features established by the end of YD would have abruptly drowned due to the MWP-1B. Towards the present inner shelf, the successive establishment/drowned of reef formations were probably influenced by the cooling events of 8200 years B.P. and by the MWP-1C, respectively, as inferred in the RC sector. In a second moment of the work, the transgressive paleoenvironmental evolution of the main sector, the AD, was investigated through seismostratigraphic, sedimentological, geochronological, and geochemical approaches. It is revealed that the sedimentary fill of sand-quartz of drowning paleochannels in the AD dates from the Bølling-Allerød period, having been deposited probably in a drier climatic context. The chronological data corroborate that the subsequent establishment of a lagoon, with distal emerged and/or shoreface features, typical of an intralagoonal delta, occurred during the YD. The geochemical proxies for continental weathering and evaluation of the balance between terrigenous X marine input applied to terrigenous muddy sequence (CaCO3 contents <20%) reveal that palaeolagoon evolved during the YD under abundant continental input, rich in organic matter mainly from C3 plants, probably in a more wet climatic context. Concurrently, a slow but growing secondary component of marine influence would be observed, attributing an estuarine characteristic to the coastal system along the YD. The dating of a stratigraphic ravinement surface at the upper limit of the lagoonal terrigenous deposit confirms that the drowning of the entire coastal system was due to the MWP-1B onset, immediately after the end of the YD. In the cores, the scope of this event is identified by the sudden inflection of the CaCO3 content verified between ~20-80% along the mixed facies, with an abrupt replacement of terrigenous inputs containing C3 plants OM by a gradient of a substantial increase of MO inputs and autochthonous sedimentation from marine origins, probably in a relatively drier climate context in the Early Holocene. This interval would range from the sudden drowning episode of the lagoon system to the completion of the process of transforming the DA into an embayment during the MWP-1B, with the expansion of marine communication through the Besnard Channels. In this resumption of the transgressive process, new clastic features resulting from the hydrodynamic increase would have developed over the ravinement surface, including over the distal remnant of features formed until the end of YD. In the same context, possible backstepped reefal features were established on the marginal western flanks of the DA during MWP-1B. The reentrant conformation of DA was probably abandoned when the sea level reached ~40 m quota on the marginal banks, shortly after the MWP-1B, being submitted after that to an open shelf regime until the present days, with sedimentary deposition essentially based on biogenic carbonate (CaCO3>80%) and OM inputs from marine primary productivity.