Doutorado em Oceanografia Ambiental

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17531

Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2007
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE(Portaria MEC Nº 609 de 14/03/2019) Publicação no DOU em 18/03/2019 Seç. 1, Pág. 63. Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Área(s) de concentração: Sistemas Costeiros e Marinhos
Url do curso: https://oceanografia.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGOA/detalhes-do-curso?id=1469

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A Plataforma Continental de Abrolhos : contexto paleoambiental, sismoestratigrafia e domínios sedimentares
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-04-27) D’Agostini, Danielle Peron; Bastos, Alex Cardoso; Figueiredo Jr, Alberto Garcia de; Baptista Neto, José Antônio; Jovane, Luigi; Moura, Rodrigo Leão de
The Abrolhos shelf is located in the Eastern Brazillian continental margin between the 17ºS and 20ºS parallels. This shelf embraces the biggest and most important reefal complex in the South Atlantic and also the largest rodoliths bank in the World. The complex relation between geomorphology and diversity of bottom faciology has been associated to an interaction of evolutive, antropic, climate and oceanographic factors. The hypothesis of the anteceding paleotopography was tested as a controlling factor of the facies distribution pattern and modern geomorphology, aiming to understand which evolutive processes influenced the formation of the continental shelf. The dataset was acquired in the shelf and slope of the Abrolhos continental margin, including geophysical (bathymetry and seismic), sedimentological (surficial sediments and cores) and seabed imaging data. The results were presented in three chapters: 1) Shelf-slope system response to distinct evolutive processes, with major developing of carbonate constructions in the North region together with a classic slope morphology of tropical carbonate environments. In other way, the South region shows dominance of the siliciclastic sedimentation and sigmoid morphologies for the shelf-slope system; 2) Investigation of the anteceding paleotopographies influences as an indicative of its control over both the drainage systems and the starting flooding location in the shelf, as well as its differentiation of regions with distinct evolutive processes; 3) Presentation of paleoenvironments of the shelf during the post-last glacial maximum transgression, indicating the most humid climate influenced environments along the shelf during this period. The data became relevant in terms of the interaction between the controlling factors in mixed siliciclastic-carbonate environments and its evolution process.
Abordagem multiescalar da variação energética de ondas e a resposta de praias de Marataízes, ES
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-03-23) Eguchi, Branco Mateus Murata; Albino, Jacqueline; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2890-9227; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1609264897582182; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9795-780X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6848945037305152; Muehe, Dieter Carl Ernst Heino; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6061-4034; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6017845242163890; Oliveira, Leonardo Azevedo Klumb; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6537-210X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2591010762995842; Oliveira, Kyssyanne Samihra Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2007-1984; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0954756171047598; Souza, Celia Regina de Gouveia
How to deal with the different time and space scales of coastal processes is a major concern in evaluate coastal impacts. In order to better comprehend these processes, it is important to understand the energy input in regional scale, such as waves and tides, and how local coastal features are able to modify this input. Despite the focus on local coastal processes, this thesis is based on series of replicable methodologies, aiming to characterize coastal processes and vulnerability in different time and space scales. First step was to determine oceanographic energy inputs for the whole region, for example, waves, astronomical tide and extreme waves. Moreover, a correlation between extreme waves parameters and the modes of climate variation El Ninõ Southern Oscillation (ENSO) e Southern Annular Oscillation (SAM). The second part of the thesis regarded to determine the effects of local ocean floor morphology on wave energy and how beaches respond to these variations. Also, a coastal susceptibility index was proposed based on wave energy variations and beach responses. Lastly, the impacts of a storm were quantified comparing beach profile changes before and after. Wave climate showed a bimodal pattern with easterly waves related to good weather and southeasterly waves associated to storms. Extreme waves presented significant height and duration of 1,72 m and 48 h, respectively. The highest values of extreme wave energy, duration and quantity occurred during neutral phase of ENSO and negative phase of SAM. In contrast, the lowest values occurred during the positive phase of both modes simultaneously. Easterly waves showed a pattern of energy increase of 30% as they propagate from deep to shallow waters. Waves coming from southeast also presented an increase of wave energy, but of only 9%. In general, all post-storm beach profiles showed no major impacts. In conclusion, extreme wave season begins in July and peaks in September. Extreme waves change from highly energetic and lasting, in early season, to more frequent but briefer, late in the season. Wave energy dissipation at shallow waters occurs differently along the coast. In the long term, beach profiles may not be able to resist to storm impacts.
Absorção de carbono em um manguezal no sudeste do Brasil: perspectiva de análise dos serviços ecossistêmicos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-09-25) Pascoalini, Savia Soares; Tognella, Monica Maria Pereira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1521-8251; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4839030389862403; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3236-8304; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0954857755514373; Cavalcanti, Viviane Fernandez; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Gontijo, Andreia Barcelos Passos Lima; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2762003128008528; Barroso, Gilberto Fonseca; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4886-4890; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505958970169325; Soares, Mario Luiz Gomes
Mangroves are highly productive systems and represent important carbon sinks. Due to the structural and functional variability of the ecosystem the present work aims to describe the carbon absorption in peri-urban mangrove and its maintenance based on the structural analysis, carbon storage in the form of aerial biomass and photosynthesis. The work was developed in the mangrove of the Estuarine System of Greater Vitória (ESGV) in fringe and basin forests distributed throughout this environment. The thesis is composed by four chapters, the first evaluates the structural diversity of the mangrove, submitted to tensors considering the mortality, reflection of the forest degradation and the dominance of species, há important factor in the structure of the ecosystem. There was structural variability between the evaluated stations and differences in the species composition. The distribution of species occurs according to their ecological optimum, mainly in terms of organic matter (OM) concentration in the sediment and salinity for both Laguncularia racemosa (L.) Gaertn and Rhizophora mangle L. The second chapter evaluated the diametric distribution by means of probabilistic density functions. The Lognormal function described the diameter distribution of the physiographic types, the seasons and 59% of the plots, indicating continuous maintenance of the forests. The Weibull function suggested fragility of the forests and the species it describes (L. racemosa), in addition to maturity. Avicennia schaueriana Stapf & Leechman ex Moldenke is vulnerable to the situations imposed by virtue of the location of its colonization. The Gamma function described sites with structural development from intermediate to mature under antropic pressure. The third chapter deals with the ecophysiological plasticity of Rhizophora mangle and some of its controlling factors, it is observed that MO and the availability of incident radiation and, in a lower degree, salinity act on photosynthesis. The OM contributed to a better performance of the energy flux related to the electron transport, the results obtained indicate that the active photosynthetic radiation available mainly works on the fluorescence variables. Regarding salinity, there is negative damage to the reaction centers, but the species’ plasticity in relation to salt can be evidenced by the increase in carbon assimilation and the conservative use of water. As for the biotic factors controlling the photosynthetic efficiency, the chlorophyll a affects the performance of plants at the level of electron transfer and the PITotal was related to photosynthetic assimilation and to the conservative use of water. The last chapter evaluates the distribution of the carbon stored in the trees and verifies the maintenance possibilities in each evaluated forest. ESGV’s mangroves store on 80.0 ton. ha-1 carbon, comparable to other regions of the world known for the large amount of carbon stored in the vegetation. The carbon stock was associated with organic matter (R = 0.43, p = < 0.05). It is argued that the maintenance of this stock depends on the biological characteristics of the species that colonize the areas and the abiotic conditions of the system on a local and regional scale. The results obtained reinforce the importance of public management for the conservation of this ecosystem at the landscape level in view of the economic benefit provided by the mangrove ecosystem when performing the ecosystemic service of atmospheric carbon absorption.
Análise da composição e estrutura interna de rodolitos da Cadeia Vitória-Trindade
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-06-19) Menandro, Tarcila Franco; Amado Filho, Gilberto Menezes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-4915; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5734763044971419; Bastos, Alex Cardoso; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1272-1134; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2951081353357019; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1783-2607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6958042160031234; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7470-6642; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9423011006200936; Pereira Filho, Guilherme Henrique; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6078-2241; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1211745530577271; Brasileiro, Poliana Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5520-8907; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3652663799345776; Bahia, Ricardo da Gama; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3274-8008; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3076005225100928
Rodoliths are nodules composed mainly of calcareous algae and other subordinate encrusting organisms (SEO), formed by subsequent overlapping processes of incrustations. The rhodoliths of the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain presented as main builders the calcareous algae (genera Sporolithon, Mesophyllum, Lithothamnion, Hydrolithon and Titanoderma) and peyssonneliaceae (genus Peyssonnelia). The main groups of SEO were encrusting foraminifers (Homotrema rubrum, agglutinated foraminifera or encrusting foraminifera), bryozoans, serpulids and cirripids. In rhodoliths where the bioerosion is very high, obliteration of the morphological characters of calcareous algae occurs, and identification at the species level is impossible, making it difficult to characterize the environment since this must be done at the species level. The study of the composition of SEO is an alternative to the study of the algal assemblage in environments with high bioerosion index. The analysis of the composition of SEO was distinct between the seamount and the insular platform indicating local differences in these environments that would be influencing the establishment of organisms. The ichno-assemblage of the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain was composed of microperforations and macroperforations of the Entobia type (associated with perforating sponges); Gastrochaenolites (associated with bivalves) and Trypanites (associated with polychaetes and sipunculus worms). The study of the ichno-assemblage identified an environment with low sedimentation rate and low hydrodynamics that allowed the development for long uninterrupted period of bioerosion. The formation of empty spaces by the bioerosion process allows the deposition of sediment that can trap benthic macroforaminifera. In Jaseur the genus Amphistegina was more frequent in both collection sites and in Trindade it was the genus Archaias that presented greater contribution. The large number of perforations due to the intense bioerosion could lead to the collapse of the nodules; however, large rhodoliths were observed (larger diameters with a mean of 17.8 ± 3.8cm for Jaseur 74m, 15.92 ± 2.14cm for Jaseur 66m and of 11.74 ± 1.40cm for Trindade 65m). The filling material of the perforations of the rhodoliths internal structure presented a sedimentary texture and was lithified; integrating the rigid structure inside the nodules. The lithification due to the growth of carbonaceous cement crystals in the empty pores in the internal structure is fundamental for the maintenance of nodule integrity. The lithification of the filling sediment creates new rigid structures within the older inner structure and these become susceptible to new infestations of perforating organisms. The repetition of the processes of perforation, filling, cementation and new perforations replaces the original internal structure (composed mainly by encrusting organisms) by the structure resulting from the repetition of processes (composed of bioclasts and lithified sediment). The present study identified the importance of the integrated study of all components of the internal structure of rhodoliths as the best way to understand the dynamics involved in the development of nodules and as a tool to obtaining solid environmental indicators
ANÁLISE FISIOLÓGICA E MOLECULAR EM Rhizophora mangle: RESPOSTAS AO ESTRESSE SALINO EM CONDIÇÕES DE CAMPO
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-09-24) Lopes, Dielle Meire de Santana; Tognella, Monica Maria Pereira; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4839030389862403; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Gontijo, Andreia Barcelos Passos Lima; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2762003128008528; Barroso, Gilberto Fonseca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505958970169325; Soares, Mario Luiz Gomes; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Cavalcanti, Viviane Fernandez
The mangrove ecosystem is highly productive, however, it is constantly subject to environmental stressors, which include salinity and elevated temperatures. The aim of the present study was to investigate the physiological and molecular bases of salt tole
Análisis de la hidroconectividad del continuo fluvial-marino del Bajo Río Doce (ES, Brasil) por medio de geotecnologías
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-11-04) Miller, Manuel Eduardo; Barroso, Gilberto Fonseca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505958970169325; Buarque, Diogo Costa; https://orcid.org/000000032698520X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8616432679482558; Sa, Fabian; https://orcid.org/0000000339645685; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9329106914297651; Bonetti Filho, Jarbas; Tognella, Mônica Maria Pereira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4839030389862403
The Lower Doce River (ES, Brazil) forms a complex hydrographic system composed of different aquatic ecosystems with its genesis influenced by geological, climatic, hydrological, and anthropogenic processes, forming a fluviomarine continuum from the upper basin to the mouth. In this work, spatial and temporal aspects that define the hydroconnectivity of aquatic ecosystems are analyzed concerning the river basin topography and the spatial variability of permanent and transitory water bodies. Along the fluviomarine continuum, natural and anthropogenic river filters were investigated for their role in the transport/transformation of materials in the lower river basin. Permanent and transitory water bodies were mapped with supervised classifications of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite data with a spatial resolution of 10 m and an overall accuracy greater than 93%. These results allowed evaluation of temporal changes for three high-flow events, providing information about the contribution of river materials to the coastal plain, particularly at dates where atmospheric conditions do not allow obtaining data from optical sensors. The spatiotemporal behavior of the wetland system was also detected and mapped with unsupervised multitemporal classifications of SAR data concerning flood and drought pulses, with an overall accuracy of 81.9%. A semiempirical model for measuring surface water turbidity, with an accuracy of 92%, was created using multispectral satellite data as input and adjusted with synchronous in situ turbidity data. This model was applied on different dates for the river water, lakes, and the estuarine plume after the Fundão fluviomarine system. Hydrometeorological variables such as rainfall, wind, river flow, and fluvial level were incorporated into the analysis to contextualize the results obtained throughout the study.
Aportes de água e nutrientes para o sistema estuarino da Baía De Vitória (ES) : subsídios para a gestão ambiental integrada
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-10-10) Teubner Junior, Fernando Jakes; Barroso, Gilberto Fonseca; Soares, Mário Luiz Gomes; Tognella, Mônica Maria Pereira; Rodrigues Neto, Renato
The Vitória Bay Estuarine System - SEBV (42 km2 ) is located in the south central portion of the state of Espírito Santo, part of the municipalities of Vitória, Vila Velha, Cariacica and Serra. The Vitória Bay is the main component of the estuarine system. A set of 10 watersheds (1,925 km2 ), especially the Rio Santa Maria da Vitoria - SMV (1,563.3 km2), drain into the SEBV. The aim of this study was to estimate the hydrological flows and watershed nutrients to the estuarine system and understand the relationships between these flows, the evolution of land use and occupation of the tributary watersheds and the change in water quality of estuary. This information supported the evaluation of existing governance actions and their effectiveness, and to propose improvements. The occupation around the SEBV features a range of environmental and cultural characteristics that often show incompatible. Environmental degradation is confirmed from different studies in SEBV that found contamination of water and sediments by heavy metals, hydrocarbons and enteric microorganisms. The watersheds to SEBV are subject to a large number of grant applications of water resources, and conflicting uses. The SMV watershed is responsible for 80% of hydrological flows that contribute to SEBV. Watersheds comprise two groups: urban and densely populated; and rural with low population density and forests remainings. The estimated emissions of N and P from the watersheds to the SEBV correspond to 10,783.7 and 5,480.4 ton.year-1, respectively, with the SMV watershed responsible for 80 and 89 % of N and P, respectively. The Canal da passage Sul was responsible for smaller contributions, with 1.1 and 0.6 % of the total N and P, respectively. When normalized by area, the higher emissions are associated with the Praia da Costa e Canal waterhed - PC, 20.1 and 5.5 ton.km-².year-1 to N and P, respectively. Anthropogenic sources are responsible for 97 and 99 % of total emissions of N and P, respectively, with livestock activities generating 74.5 % of N and 88.0% of P. Urban expansion occurred in the Grande Vitória Metropolitan Region in the period 1970- 2010 resulted in the loss of natural areas (e.g., forests) and semi-natural (e.g, agriculture and pasture), and increase of urban-industrial areas. The State Government and municipalities have water management in action, together with the watershed committees and different sectors of society. However, the results of governance are not satisfactory, resulting in impairment of environmental quality and availability of water quality and quantity for the maintenance of ecosystem services in watersheds and SEBV. The implemented programs have long delays between their formulation and its implementation, as well as delays in implementation. The low adherence of the population, as well as scarce mentions the integration of fluvial and estuarine continuum, and the lack of knowledge of causeeffect of watersheds flow to the estuary, are factors that compromise the integrated viii management in watersheds and SEBV. The DPSIR proved effective as a method for integrating the results obtained, in order to understand how the morphometric variables, specific flow rate, population density, productive activities, N and P emissions estimates and the development and land use in the watersheds may affect the environmental quality of SEBV, supporting the development of management responses. Agriculture, urbanization and industrialization, water catchment for irrigation and human and industrial consumption were considered the main drivers in watersheds and SEBV, resulting in pressures such as deforestation, increased anthropogenic nutrient loading, dumping of solid waste, sewage and industrial wastewater, water withdrawal, transposition of watersheds and river damming. As management strategies are proposed regulatory, legislative, corrective, compensatory and preventive actions. From the results, it appears that the current situation of environmental quality found in SEBV and watersheds points to an extremely worrying situation, a condition which we do not see changes in the medium term and that has worsened over the past few years. A set of programs running projects a favorable scenario to reverse this situation in the coming years, if they are hired.
Aspectos meteo-oceanográficos associados com a concentração de clorofila-a ao longo da cadeia Vitória-Trindade
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-04-25) Lemos, Angelo Teixeira; Ghisolfi, Renato David; Dias Júnior, Camilo; Silva, Meyre Pereira da; Cirano, Mauro; Ciotti, Áurea Maria
Avaliação ambiental integrada como subsídio ao manejo lacustre (estudo de caso : Lagoa Juparanã, ES)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-10-11) Martins, Fabíola Chrystian Oliveira; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva; Ghisolfi, Renato David; Tognella, Mônica Maria Pereira; Carvalho, Carlos Eduardo Veiga de; Pedrosa, Paulo
Backscatter multiespectral como ferramenta para classificação da geodiversidade do fundo marinho
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-10-31) Menandro, Pedro Smith; Bastos, Alex Cardoso; https://orcid.org/0000000212721134; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2951081353357019; https://orcid.org/0000000296676851; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3403331960491831; Souza, Luiz Antonio Pereira de; Ayres Neto, Arthur
The scientific field in which seabed mapping is inserted has been assuming increasingly greater importance in recent decades, following the demands associated with numerous uses and purposes in society, as well as the relevant evolution of technology. Currently, we are coming up to the halfway point of the Ocean Science Decade, but still a long way from achieving one of its priority targets, which encompasses an atlas of the oceans, not just with bathymetric information, but also with understandable thematic maps with multiple variables that can be used for several purposes. In this context, increasingly robust and complex analysis techniques used in this interdisciplinary field of seabed mapping have contributed to improving our knowledge about the ocean based on different variables, most notably those derived from depth and backscatter. Acoustic backscatter, although still somewhat underused on many occasions, is basically defined as the acoustic energy that returns to the equipment after a number of physical interactions and processes (with the water column and the seabed). It has yielded outstanding results as indicative of the seabed's physical properties and can be analysed using different approaches - image-based analysis (mosaics) and angular response-based analysis. The acoustic backscatter is collected synchronously with the bathymetric data, and has played a key role in various classification schemes, inputting predictive models and contributing to the interpretation of the marine landscape and its geodiversity. More recently (around 8 years ago), some studies involving multi-frequency backscatter have begun to be published in the scientific literature, based on the same thinking used in terrestrial remote sensing - that multiple bands allow for greater discrimination of the surface being analysed. This work, therefore, explores data collected with a multibeam multispectral backscatter echo sounder (frequencies of 170 kHz, 280 kHz, 400 kHz, and 700 kHz) on different seabed types, aiming to understand how the acoustic response behaves according to frequency and seabed, and to improve seabed classification by applying different analysis approaches and classification models. The structure of the thesis sets out to initially present the concept and potential of backscatter for seafloor classification (chapters 1 and 2), applications in different seabed types considering morphology and substrate (sand, mud, rhodolith beds) using different approaches and methods to classify the seabed and indicate possible advantages and disadvantages (chapters 3 and 4), in addition to providing an overview of the state of the art regarding the scientific development of backscatter as a tool for seabed classification. This work addresses one of the key themes - multispectral backscatter - conventionally defined for backscatter studies by diversified groups around the world, as well as other topics such as combining complementary approaches to analysing backscatter, machine-learning techniques applied to the study of the oceans, mapping and classifying habitats for multiple purposes, mapping rhodoliths and mapping geodiversity in the state of Espírito Santo.
Biogeoquímica de lipídios em sedimentos da Foz do Rio Doce após a chegada dos rejeitos da barragem de Fundão
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-08-23) Resende, Jéssica Sonaly da Silva; Pereira, Ricardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7737-3206; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1751528202763089; Rodrigues Neto, Renato; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0803-4435; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1931267781220159; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7454-5415; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6626101672950113; Tognella, Mônica Maria Pereira ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1521-8251; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4839030389862403; Barroso, Gilberto Fonseca; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4886-4890; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505958970169325; Combi, Tatiane; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6769-7445; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5971387012451773; Madureira, Luiz Augusto dos Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0888323328934131
Environmental studies focused on understanding the origin of organic matter (OM) have been widely addressed in coastal ecosystems, especially with constant anthropic interference, making them more vulnerable. Tools known as molecular markers have become effective as they indicate the occurrence of a specific source or processes. In this study, the organic compounds Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (AHs), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Sterols, which are widely used to help understand the origin of sedimentary organic matter (SOM), were analyzed. Doce River Mouth (DRM) was directly impacted by the biggest environmental accident involving iron ore tailings, which released about 60 million m3 of tailings into the Doce River channel with the rupture of the Fundão dam, causing major environmental and social impacts. In order to understand how the arrival of the mud has been influenced the sediments of the DRM two short cores were collected in August 2017 (dry winter period), and samples of surface sediments from 15 stations distributed by the DRM were collected in 4 campaigns (August 2017 and 2018; and February 2018 and 2019) to understand the influence of seasonality on biogeochemical processes involving these organic compounds. Results of environmental parameters such as: %TOC, %TN, C/N and molecular markers widely used to evaluate possible sources of organic matter, such as Aliphatic Hydrocarbons (HAs) as well as the δ13C from specific chains of n-alkanes, PAHs and sterols are discussed. The results found for the cores showed that fine grains predominated, n-alkanes indicated an increase in the contribution of terrestrial OM with depth, PAHs showed moderate pyrolytic contamination, with a predominance of compounds with high molecular weight (HMW). The fecal sterol concentrations showed that the surface sedimentary of the cores had a lower sewage signal than before the mud, that is, a dilution of the sewage by the tailings probably occurred. For surface sediments, the sand fraction predominated, as well as the C/N with indices suggesting autochthonous sources, in the 4 campaigns. The HAs have indices that indicate petrogenic sources, with emphasis on the n-C24 chain with the highest concentration, however there are also other index indicating the contribution of terrestrial vegetation, which may indicate a mixture of sources. PAHs from HMW predominated showing a greater pyrolytic contribution, while sterols show a greater contribution from higher plant sources
Bivalves filtradores e a regulação da eutrofização estuarina : biofiltração por Crassostrea rhizophorae da seção norte do sistema estuarino da Baía de Vitória-ES, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-05-07) Leite, Thayana de Alencar; Chícharo, Luís; Barroso, Gilberto Fonseca; Fernandes, Luis Fernando Loureiro; Tognella, Monica Maria Pereira; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; Pinto, Taciana Kramer
The mangrove oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae) is an important species for regulating the eutrophication of tropical estuarine ecosystems through the filtration capacity of the seashore to which it is exposed through the preferential ingestion of nano-phytoplanktonic particles. The biofiltration can be measured by the clearance rate (CR), that is, the volume of water that is filtered per unit of time, and can be applied from several methods, with emphasis on in situ biodegradation methods (CRbd) and of continuous flow in the laboratory (CRfc). The efficacy of the mangrove oyster filtration depends primarily on the availability of organic matter as well as biophysics to environmental conditions (e.g., salinity). In this context, the objective of the thesis was to analyze the ecosystem service for regulation of eutrophication (i.e., removal of organic seston) in the North Section of the Estuary System of the Bay of Vitoria - NSVBES. The NSVBES covers an area and volume of 10 km2 and 2.5x107 m 3 , respectively, whose average depth is less than 3 m. In the SNSEBV, the average residence time is 35 days, under a medium and semi-stratified euhalin condition, with total and organic seston concentrations, on average of 14.9 and 15.8 mg.L-1 , respectively. In this scenario, the CRbd of C. rhizophorae is 1.56 L.g-1 .h-1 . The CRbd by biomass in the NSVBES mangrove (3.77x105 kg.km-2 ) is 7.07x109 L.kg-1 .dia-1 , corresponding to a daily regulation of 28% of the estuarine volume. The economic value attributed to removal of organic seston, conversion of chlorophyll a to nitrogen, is US$ 298,327.22. The economic value of the ecosystem service of eutrophication regulation can act as monetary justification in environmental management for the conservation of estuarine natural resources. We emphasize the ecological importance of C. rhizophorae and needs to guarantee the effectiveness of the regulation service of estuarine eutrophication.
CONTAMINAÇÃO COSTEIRA COM REJEITOS DE MINÉRIO: ESPECIAÇÃO DO FERRO E IMPACTOS SOBRE A COMUNIDADE FITOPLANCTÔNICA
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-02-03) Longhini, Cybelle Menolli; Neto, Renato Rodrigues; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1931267781220159; https://orcid.org/0000000221200066; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Barroso, Gilberto Fonseca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8505958970169325; Vicente, Maristela de Araujo; https://orcid.org/0000000225752386; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1832685910267156; Grassi, Marco Tadeu; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Lima, Ana Teresa Macas; https://orcid.org/0000000169806553; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0749865584704544
Iron and other trace metal biogeochemistry have been largely discussed because of their ecological role as micronutrients and consequent control on phytoplankton growth in the ocean. Experimental studies have shown that Fe fertilization in marine areas fa
Decápodes holo e meroplanctônicos do Atlântico Sul subtropical
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-05-12) Almeida, André Marafon de; Fernandes, Fernando Loureiro; Joyeux, Jean-Christophe; Braga, Adriane Cristina Araújo; Freire, Andrea Santarosa; Abrunhosa, Fernando Araújo
The presente study describes the spatial variation of the Holoplanktonic and Meroplanktonic Decapods in a region of the subtropical South Atlantic Ocean, that covers important oceanographic features such as the Brazil Current (BC) and the Malvinas Current (MC), the Subtropical Convergence, the South Atlantic Central Water (SACW) recirculation, South Atlantic Current (SAC), South Equatorial Current (SEC), Benguela Current system and Agulhas Current (AC). Covering an area with important geological features such as the Mid-Oceanic Ridge, the Vitoria-Trindade seamount chain, the Rio Grande Rise and the Walvis Ridge. This study was carried out with Holoplanktonic and Meroplanktonic Decapods collected in three cruises totaling 114 samples. The first two cruises covered 31 stations at the Vitória-Trindade submarine mountain chain and adjacent region in November and December 2011. The third cruise collected 83 samples between October and December 2009, with both latitudinal profiles (20° 16 e 30°S) involving Brasil – Africa in South Atlantic Subtropical Gyre. The first two cruises had 30 families of Decapods (holoplanktonic and meroplanktonic) identified , divided into 85 taxa from which 47 occurred exclusively on the VitóriaTrindade chain, 28 were broadly distributed in the study area and the other 10 were found only in the adjacent open ocean stations. The ecological index registered along the Vitória-Trindade chain indicates that this environment is highly rich and diverse, composed by holoplanktonic and meroplanktonic Decapods, being this the main environment in terms of richness and diversity for planktonic Decapods in the South Atlantic. The third cruise that collected holoplanktonic and meroplanktonic Decapods evaluated three longitudinal sectors: West sector (SW), Central sector (SC) and East sector (SE), between two longitudinal profiles 20° and 30°S. Holoplanktonic and meroplanktonic Decapods occurred in 31 of the 83 stations, with 22 taxa identified belonging to 10 families: Penaeidae, Luciferidae, Sergestidae, Oplophoridae, Disciadidae, Palaemonidae, Callianassidae, Axiidae, Portunidae e Galatheidae. In general, there is no latitudinal variation in abundance, diversity and equitability of holoplanktonic and meroplanktonic Decapods. Cluster, similarity and variance analysis allows us to conclude that holoplanktonic and meroplanktonic Decapods are heterogeneously distributed along the analyzed sectors. The results indicate that the epipelagic layer of the subtropical South Atlantic region at the 20 and 30° latitudes show low richness, diversity and abundance of holoplanktonic and meroplanktonic Decapods, which are positively correlated with higher temperatures and salinity noticeably in the West Sector (SW) of the study area, where these abiotic factors limit spatial distribution of these crustaceans in the subtropical South Atlantic.
Dinâmica populacional de plântulas de Rhizophora mangle L. no Sudeste do Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-10-25) Lima, Karen Otoni de Oliveira; Cunha, Simone Rabelo; Andrade, Humber Agrelli de; Tognella, Mônica Maria Pereira; Martins, Agnaldo Silva; Ghisolfi, Renato David; Longo, Leila de Lourdes; Cavalcanti, Viviane Fernandez
The analysis of the growth pattern and the knowledge of the population dynamics of seedlings are used as subsidies for the ecological understanding of mangroves. This thesis aimed to select and compare regression models that best describe the growth curves of Rhizophora mangle seedlings based on the variables: height (cm) and time (days) and to understand their population dynamics. Three plots were established in fringe mangrove forests in the Itaúnas river, located in the South Atlantic (Conceição da Barra, Espírito Santo). The present seedlings and the new recruits were tagged and monitored between 2008 and 2014. The Linear, Exponential, Power Law, Monomolecular, Logistic and Gompertz models were adjusted with non-linear formulations and minimization of the sum of the squares of the residues. The Monomolecular, Logistic of 3 parameters and Gompertz models presented the best performance to describe the growth of the seedlings, becoming the best options for the long-term studies. The different curves reflect the complexity of stem growth at this stage for species. The analysis of the joint distribution of the parameters (H0, r and K) allowed the study of the ecological attributes and allowed to observe their variability among the individuals in each model. Population dynamics were evaluated by constructing the life table of the annual cohorts and adjusting the Exponential model for the survival data. The results showed variability in recruitment and high mortality rates in the first two years of all cohorts. They showed Type III survival curve, corresponding to an exponential decay function and evidencing the mortality pattern at the seedling stage regardless of the evaluated temporal scale and the forest structure in which they are submitted. The values of b, slope of the curves, of the cohorts were different showing that the intensity in the decline of the number of seedlings varies between generations. The results presented reinforce the importance of long-term studies in mangroves and how seedling growth and cohort survival are variable over time, where few individuals can effectively reach the young stage. On the other hand, these characteristics reinforce the resilience of the ecosystem.
Distribuição de elementos traço nos oceanos atlântico e pacífico utilizando tartarugas marinhas (chelonia mydas) como espécie sentinela
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-05-31) Fraga, Nairana Santos; Martins, Agnaldo Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000321601326; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9929035189946817; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5389103646572739; Domit, Camila
The environmental fuel and the contribution of elements drawn on the globe have increased in recent times. The quantification of trace elements has been carried out in animals all over the world. C. mydas is a species with a long life cycle, which allows these elements to bioaccumulate over the years. Because it is a species with coastal habits in its juvenile phase, it was used as a bioindicator for inference about the distribution of characteristic elements. Contents of zinc, copper and a discussion on cadmium were considered using specimens of C. meu origins from published works carried out in Brazil, United States, Hawaii, Japan and Australia. Liver, kidney and muscle comparisons of 35 individuals were used in the comparative analyses, with 7 animals from each locality belonging to the same size class for comparisons between oceans of origin. Zinc, copper and cadmium were detected in all samples, with the highest rate in liver (zinc and copper) and kidneys (cadmium). No muscle for the three lower grade metals were found. The Brazilian specimens obtained the lowest averages both in the liver, kidney and muscle. In the two comparative analyzes carried out (direct and additional) of animals from Brazil-Rio Grande do Sul, they showed lower levels with a possible visualization of patterns of hemispheres for copper. All metals have adopted a global distribution. For all elements, the selection methodology of 7 individuals for each location was important in the visualization of patterns.
Distribuição dos foraminíferos bentônicos recentes e sua relação com os parâmetros sedimentológicos e oceanográficos da bacia do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-12-20) Almeida, Fabiana Karla de; Bastos, Alex Cardoso; https://orcid.org/0000000212721134; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2951081353357019; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2380-0444; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3004292957514311; Vital, Helenice; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-9028; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3595069999049968; Sousa, Silvia Helena de Mello e; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8860-9042; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5153238052428213; Eichler, Patricia Pinheiro Beck; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2938-5461; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7644690944416653
The heterogeneity of the seafloor at the Brazilian Continental Margin may result in differences in the benthic foraminiferal assemblages composition. To understand the main environmental factors controlling the benthic foraminiferal distribution on the continental slopes, and corroborate paleoenvironmental interpretations in the Late Holocene, the benthic foraminiferal assemblages (total fauna > 63 µm) and sedimentological data were investigated along six transects on the continental slope, and within two submarine canyons of the Espírito Santo Basin (ESB, 18°20' and 21°20' S). Surface sediment samples (0-2 cm) were collected perpendicularly to the coast, from the upper (400 m) to the lower slope (3000 m). Inside the Watu Norte (CANWN) and Doce (CAND) canyons, samples were collected from the canyon head to the middle-lower canyon (150 to 1300 m). The density, taxonomic diversity, and assemblage composition change with depth and between the canyons. The differences in ecological preferences among the most abundant taxa allowed the recognition of distinct benthic foraminiferal groups, distributed in five main bathymetric sectors: outer shelf (50m), upper (150-400 m), middle – lower (1000-1300 m), lower slope (1900 m), and deepest lower slope (2500- 3000 m). In addition, two different groups were recognized, revealing differences between individual submarine canyons assemblages. The quantity and quality of food supply is the primary factor controlling the distribution of benthic foraminiferal assemblages along depth. Secondary factors include the properties of water masses, intermediate and deep boundary currents, sediment type and grain size. The increased fragmentation of benthic and planktic foraminifera tests (>125 µm) is related to abrasion during transport from shallower regions to the slope. The middle-lower CANNW indicated unstable trophic conditions, related to terrigenous sediment influx due to turbidity currents. In the CAND, foraminiferal assemblages ecology indicated enough organic matter content that benefits species establishment and diversity, revealing an environment more productive and less unstable than the CANWN. The data obtained in this study could be used as analogues in the interpretation of older marine depositional systems, helping to generate more accurate paleoenvironmental and paleobathymetric models of the Espírito Santo Basin.
DISTRIBUIÇÃO E BIODIVERSIDADE DE PEIXES RECIFAIS BRASILEIROS: EXPLORANDO HABITATS BENTÔNICOS DA ZONA MESOFÓTICA
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-06-30) Pimentel, Caio Ribeiro; Joyeux, Jean Christophe; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-4154; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9764759048676848; https://orcid.org/0000000341101249; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4843751793384567; Araujo, Ciro Colodetti Vilar de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6656-2423; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6059717893541142; Silva, Mauricio Hostim; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5061-9125; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7529427825546114; Rolim, Fernanda Andreoli; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3761-3970; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5622964205682915; Garla, Ricardo Clapis; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0827-225X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6163081914700507
Reef fish are efficient models for carrying out ecological studies at relatively small spatial and temporal scales, allowing us to understand how some environmental characteristics structure their communities. In this sense, depth and benthic habitat (e.g., reefs, rhodolith beds and macroalgae) are one of the most important environmental characteristics. Despite the uniqueness and vulnerability of Brazilian reef fish communities, we still know little about the biodiversity and distribution patterns of species in mesophotic habitats (which occur between 30 and 150 m deep). Therefore, the main objective of this thesis was to analyze the composition and structure of fish assemblages in different Brazilian oceanic islands, aiming to understand mainly how depth and habitats act structuring these assemblages. Baited remote underwater stereo-video systems (stereo-BRUVS) were used to explore diverse benthic habitats along a wide depth gradient (~10 to 90 m) at Trindade Island, Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and Saint Peter and Saint Paul’s Archipelago (SPSPA), as well as on the east coast of Brazil. Unexpectedly, in SPSPA reef fish assemblages were not structured according to the depth gradient. Species distribution was more associated with up and down-welling events, which drastically change the temperature and influence the vertical movement of fishes along the reef. Furthermore, several species were recorded in both pelagic and reef environments, suggesting ecological connections between them, through the flux of matter and energy. In turn, the Trindade Island insular shelf comprises a mosaic of interconnected benthic habitats, which differ in richness, abundance and biomass of fish assemblages. Reefs showed greater richness and abundance, as well as a greater proportion of exclusive species, followed by rhodolith beds, macroalgae beds, and sandy bottoms. Depth was considered an intrinsic characteristic of habitats, as they are not continuously distributed along the bathymetric gradient of the insular shelf. These environmental characteristics, therefore, act in synergy in the structuring of fish assemblages. Regarding biodiversity, using stereoBRUVS it was possible to analyze the composition and abundance of shark species in these two oceanic islands, including a species considered locally extinct in SPSPA. In Fernando de Noronha, stereo-BRUVS accounted for three new records. These results reinforce the need for integrated management strategies that include euphotic and mesophotic, benthic and pelagic habitats, reefs or non-reefs, aiming at the conservation of biodiversity, ecological functions and connectivity in marine environments.
Ecohidrologia e gestão integrada de recursos hídricos em uma bacia lacustre costeira (lago Nova, Linhares, ES)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-04-10) Gonçalves, Monica Amorim; Chícharo, Luís Manuel Zambujal; Barroso, Gilberto Fonseca; Dias Jr., Camilo; Barbosa, Francisco Antonio Rodrigues; Figueiredo, Juciene Andrade de; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva
Ecologia e genética da conservação de meros (Ephinephelus itajara) (Serranidae: Epinephelinae)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-05-29) Souza, Júnio Damasceno de; Farro, Ana Paula Cazerta; Silva, Maurício Hostim; Martins, Agnaldo Silva; Silva, Bianca Bentes da; Foresti, Fábio Porto; Oliveira, Gláucia Caroline Silva de
The fish subfamily Epinephelinae are highly related to marine coastal environments, especially reef habitats. Among Epinephelinae, Goliath grouper (Epinephelus itajara) populations have reduced by excessive fishing and has been severely threatened by loss of breeding habitats (reefs) and growth (mangrove) around its limit distribution along the west coast of the tropical Atlantic.Phylogenetically related to this species are groupers currently are intensively fished in the western Atlantic and the sister species E. quinquefasciatus the eastern tropical Pacific. Population reduction of threats to species conservation to bring long-term due to the decrease in the reproductive capacity by selective capture of large fish, loss of variability and gene flow that ensure suitability for environmental and climatic adversities in evolutionary time. Despite legislation prohibiting fishing for goliath groupers in some countries, illegal taking with morphological mischaracterization is a common practice that difficult or impossible to identify the species. In this respect, molecular techniques have provided important tools for monitoring and surveillance of fishing and become essential in forensic identification of several species. The present study investigates bio-ecological and genetic aspects of ooliath groupers aiming to add information to strategies for conservation of the species along the Brazilian coast. As priority targets three lines of research in order to determine the biological aspects and seasonal frequency of juveniles goliath grouper in mangrove habitat in tropical environments were developed; population genetic characterization of goliath grouper in six localities along the Brazilian coast (Pará, Pernambuco, Sergipe, Bahia, Espírito Santo and Santa Catarina) by mitochondrial markers Cyt b and control region, to assess the aspects of diversity, structure and gene flow of stocks and development of practical molecular marker and low cost to assist in monitoring and control of fishing and other eight groupers species of the subfamily Epinephelinae. This study identified a high frequency of juveniles under goliath groupers between 100 and 300 mm, which did not occur in the main studies in the literature with juveniles of the species. Catches were made throughout all months of the year, with significantly greater frequency in the period that includes the hot rainy season in tropical Brazil, with significantly larger sizes in the transition period between late summer and early winter (cold season and droughts). Comparative studies of juvenilesgoliath groupers in other subtropical environments suggest that mangroves can be and essential nursery habitat for early life stages of the species. The results of population genetics indicate moderate to high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity probably associated with recent colonization, with large number of rare haplotypes predominantly single mutational steps. The data revealed no population structure, however, significant genetic variation for both markers was found between stocks of Bahia with the Espírito Santo despite the geographical proximity, indicating the presence of a barrier to gene flow. Significant genetic variations at control region were observed between Pará and Bahia compared to most stocks.There was no correlation signficativa genetic divergence and geographical distance between stocks analyzed. The development of species-specific primers based on the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI), applied in multiplex PCR was enable the simultaneous identification of nine species of the subfamily Epinephelinae: Epinephelus itajara, E. marginatus, E. morio, E. quinquefasciatus, Hyporthodus flavolimbatus, H. niveatus, 14 Mycteroperca acutirostris, M. bonaci and M. microlepis. This technique can be used to control commercial fishing and precise identification of target fisheries for the conservation of the species. Despite the necessary prudence in maintaining the ban on fishing of goliath grouper in the Brazilian coast, the measure in the long run will become ineffective without the habitats of mangrove and reef habitats connectivity lifecycle of endangered species are not recovered and fully protected. The conservation of goliath grouper (E. itajara) the long term will depend on the efforts to ensure stability and the demographic events of dispersion and connectivity among populations that maintain genetic variability.

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