Mestrado em Engenharia Ambiental

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17612

Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início:
Conceito atual na CAPES:
Ato normativo:
Periodicidade de seleção:
Área(s) de concentração:
Url do curso:

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 5 de 268

Análise numérica do desenvolvimento de estruturas turbulentas em leitos de partículas e sua relação com eventos de emissão atmosférica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-05-06) Espírito Santo, Geisiely do; Furieri, Bruno ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9736-0250; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6585455298349085; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-3290; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4738815353163302; Goulart, Elisa Valentim ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-0778; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0014236670973457; Prata Junior, Ademir Abdala ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2156-9357; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2375033203317106
Industrial activities, although essential for human life, contribute significantly to air pollution. Among these activities, steelworks stand out, as they have large open areas where stockpiles of granular materials such as iron ore and coal are exposed to wind action. This scenario favors wind erosion, a natural phenomenon that promotes the emission of particulate matter, compromising air quality and posing risks to human health, including respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. To estimate this type of emission, the model developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) is widely used. However, this model does not consider the proportion of non-erodible particles in the composition of granular materials, a factor that plays a fundamental role in flow turbulence and in the estimation of particle emissions. In view of this limitation, this study numerically investigated the development of turbulent structures in the presence of roughness elements, using Computational Fluid Dynamics and Large Eddy Simulations (LES). Three infinite beds containing different amounts of non-erodible particles, represented by cylindrical elements, were analyzed. The analysis focused on descriptive statistics, application of probability distributions, quadrant analysis, and observation of flow images and vorticity vectors. To ensure the reliability of the results, validation of the numerical simulations for the smooth bed was performed based on experimental references available in the literature. The results showed that the friction velocity (𝑢∗) behaved differently at each analyzed point and for each bed. In locations where the flow was obstructed by rough elements, 𝑢∗ values were reduced, which was confirmed by the analysis of vorticity vectors, indicating zones of low shear and recirculation. On the other hand, higher values of 𝑢∗ were found in the frontal regions of the roughness elements and in the flow channeling areas. The comparison among different coverage rates showed that beds with a greater amount of non-erodible particles presented lower friction velocities, reducing wind erosion. Regarding the Probability Density Function analyses, the distribution that best fitted the friction velocity fluctuations was the Gamma distribution, with an average shape parameter of 2.14 and an average scale parameter of 0.068. These results can serve as a reference for the parameterization of emission models, contributing to the development of more effective strategies for controlling and mitigating atmospheric pollution
Avaliação das condições de eutrofização em reservatórios: análise de índices de estado trófico e simulação de incertezas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-04-04) Rocha, Alciany da Silva Christ da; Mendonça, Antônio Sérgio Ferreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4273-0266; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9841888526169409; https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4507-1602; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4400961756351195; Reis, José Antônio Tosta dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9916-1469; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7828468159099998; Mendes, Mônica de Souza; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1814032512380945
Eutrophication represents one of the main environmental challenges in reservoirs, negatively affecting water quality and the health of aquatic ecosystems. Accurate assessment of the trophic state is essential for monitoring and managing these environments, yet it is often subject to uncertainties arising from data variability. This study investigated the influence of such uncertainties on the estimation of the Trophic State Index (TSI) in the Águas Claras Reservoir, an important water source for water management in the state of São Paulo. Using the Monte Carlo method, the effects of adopting different numbers of simulations and coefficients of variation (CV) on TSI values were analyzed, based on the methods proposed by Carlson (1977), Toledo et al. (1983), Lamparelli (2004), and Cunha et al. (2013). The analysis showed that increasing the number of simulations contributes to the stabilization of estimates by reducing sampling noise. The results revealed variations among the TSI calculation methods, highlighting the importance of selecting methodologies appropriate to local environmental conditions. The sensitivity analysis, based on the application of the normal frequency distribution, showed that increasing the number of simulations did not significantly impact the central values of the index distributions. The study confirmed the effectiveness and accessibility of the Monte Carlo method as a tool for analyzing uncertainties in water quality data, offering practical support for decision making and for improving water resources management
Modelagem de qualidade de água como suporte ao processo de enquadramento de corpos d’água superficiais : considerações sobre a bacia hidrográfica do Rio Guandu
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-10-16) Pani, Deysilara Figueira; Rodrigues, Murilo Brazzali ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1647-2785; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6527913613936281; Reis, José Antonio Tosta dos ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9916-1469; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7828468159099998; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2625-9403; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0189703481718834; Mendonça, Antonio Sergio Ferreira ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4273-0266; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9841888526169409; Silva, Fernando das Graças Braga da ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3803-2257; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4077250337099004
Mathematical water quality modeling is a fundamental tool in supporting the classification process of water bodies, enabling the analysis of various scenarios that directly contribute to decision-making regarding the definition of use classes. In this context, it is crucial that the simulations accurately reflect the water quality of the analyzed water bodies. Extrapolated results may lead to classifications whose implementation becomes costly and/or unfeasible. In this sense, the present study aimed to investigate the use of water quality modeling as support for the classification process of surface water bodies, focusing on the Guandu River basin, located in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The mathematical water quality modeling, conducted using the Water Resources Management GIS Integrated Tools (WARM-GIS Tools) model, was applied to two different scenarios, based on variations in the initial water quality data sets, reference flow values, and the adopted kinetic constants. Subsequently, with the support of the CPQ-WATER Decision Support System and for the different simulation scenarios, the frequency of compliance with the quality standards of the various use classes, the maximum allowable loads, the loads to be treated, the unused dilution capacity, and the pressure on the watercourse in a section of the Guandu River located downstream from the urban center of Laranja da Terra were evaluated. The results indicated that the reference flows used in the present study did not produce significant differences in compatibility with the quality standards of the different use classes. However, the initial water quality conditions and the values adopted for the kinetic constants significantly and diversely altered the water quality simulation results, affecting compatibility with the quality standards established for the use classes, and ultimately influencing the decision-making process associated with the classification of the watercourses
Avaliação da remoção de 2,4-d e atrazina por carvão ativado : um estudo da competição em adsorção
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-09-24) Rafalscky, Lays; Britto, Gilberto Maia; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador3; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador4; ID do co-orientador4; Lattes do co-orientador4; Coelho, Edumar Ramos Cabral; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Gonçalves, Ricardo Franci; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Capelo Neto, José; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 3º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 4º membro da banca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 5º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 6º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 7º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
The presence of pesticides in drinking water is concerning due to the toxicity and bioaccumulation potential of these compounds. In this context, adsorption by activated carbon has gained attention as an alternative for removing microcontaminants in water treatment. Several variables can influence adsorption, one of the most notable being the competition among multiple contaminants for the adsorption sites on the activated carbon. This work conducted a systematic review guided by the PRISMA guideline to establish the state of the art on competitive adsorption. The review data were obtained using the keywords “Competitive adsorption,” “Powder Carbon” “Activated Carbon,” and “Water Treatment,” covering the years 2000 to 2023. The selected articles were categorized into: competition between metals, competition between metals and organic compounds, and competition between organic compounds. The review results contributed to understanding the existing research gaps in the field. In the laboratory tests, the activated carbon was characterized by several techniques to identify functional groups, porosity, moisture content, and ash content, among other parameters. Then, the isolated and competitive removal of two highly commercialized herbicides in Brazil, atrazine and 2,4-D, was tested in the state of Espírito Santo, with adsorption evaluated in terms of kinetics and isotherms. The Freundlich model showed the best fit for both pesticides in isolated systems. The adsorption of 2,4-D was significantly affected by the presence of atrazine due to its hydrophilic nature in the study's pH range (6-7). A computational study was conducted to suggest potential mechanisms, and the results indicated a predominance of π-π interactions, which is consistent with findings in the literature. The results suggest that the commercial carbon from Bahia Carbon is a strong candidate for removing 2,4-D and atrazine in isolated systems, but the presence of atrazine may significantly affect the removal of 2,4-D
Avaliação da disposição a pagar pelo manejo de resíduos gerados em condomínios residenciais e efeito na sustentabilidade financeira da gestão integrada de resíduos sólidos urbanos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-08-12) Mascarenhas, Vitor Souza Pinto; Yamane, Luciana Harue ; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador3; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador4; ID do co-orientador4; Lattes do co-orientador4; Siman, Renato Ribeiro ; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Chaves, Gisele de Lorena Diniz; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Günther, Wanda Maria Risso; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 3º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 4º membro da banca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 5º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 6º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 7º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
This study evaluated Brazilian residential condominiums in the Solid Waste Management (SWM), focusing on the economic-financial sustainability in the provision of management services. For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out identifying the normative acts that deal with residential condominiums and charging for management services, and the aspects that influence the Willingness To Pay (WTP) for these services. In addition, a case study was conducted in the municipality of Vitória/ES, identifying through a questionnaire and the Contingent Valuation Method, the WTP for Waste Management in condominiums, and estimating the financial impact with the application of a transfer policy of responsibility. From the systematic review it was identified that there is no specific Brazilian legislation for charging for management services in residential condominiums. It was also identified that the influential variables in WTP are divided into four groups: (1) socioeconomic aspects, (2) informational level, (3) situation of management services, and (4) political and regulatory aspects, being the last still little studied despite representing a strong influence on WTP. The case study revealed that 58% of the interviewees living in condominiums are willing to pay an average of R$ 29.41 per month per household for management services, and this amount could be increased by 15% by disclosing information about the WTP. Finally, it was identified that the costs of waste management in residential condominiums correspond to around 23% of the entire SWM cost in Vitória/ES, and that the application of a responsibility transfer policy can relieve 19% of the costs. This work contributes to the development of policies for charging for waste management services in residential condominiums, describing the WTP, and the importance of disclosing information for greater acceptance of the policy. Due to the low adherence of interviewees, future studies are recommended to construct statistically representative scenarios and econometric models, which allow the calculation of the WTP and the assessment of the financial impact

Navegar

Submissões Recentes