Genética e Melhoramento

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17474

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Melhoramento

Centro: CCAE
Telefone: (28) 3552 8933
URL do programa: https://geneticaemelhoramento.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGGM

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A influência de fatores históricos na diversificação de populações de Pitcairnia azouryi (Bromeliaceae) restrita a inselbergs da Floresta Atlântica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-08-21) Sheu, Yumi; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-4398; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7759687639548301; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8366-0738; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0479854777557016; Soares, Tais Cristina Bastos; https://orcid.org/0000000163567993; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6580031598802359; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2358-3061; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4537010919478309; Garbin, Mario Luís ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-2102; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4873285090929011; Maia, Vitor Hugo dos Santos Gomes; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2135-7650; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0001107478160614; Couto, Dayvid Rodrigues; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9563-8001; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2323706784973067
Phylogeography investigates the evolutionary processes that govern the distribution of species on a spatial and temporal scale. Countless studies use phylogeographic approaches to understand the diversification of species in the context of regions with high genetic diversity. The Neotropical region is home to different phytogeographic domains, such as the Atlantic Forest. In this context, inselbergs stand out for their structural and structural heterogeneity in the Atlantic Forest. Due to their disjunct geographic nature, inselbergs are compared to oceanic islands and exhibit a high degree of ecological isolation and great endemism of species. We conducted an analysis based on integrated phylogeographic and population data to investigate the diversification of seven natural populations of Pitcairnia azouryi (Bromeliaceae) restricted to the inselbergs of the Atlantic Forest and how they relate to evolutionary historical factors. A coalescing tree was estimated using five chloroplast markers (cpDNA) and the Pedra Lisa population (Rio de Janeiro) was recovered as the most basal in the Quaternary Pleistocene. We suggest an important role for climatic fluctuations at the beginning of the Pleistocene in the diversification of the two groups of P. azouryi. Our results showed low genetic diversity within the populations of P. azouryi and high population genetic structure, indicating limited gene flow between rocky outcrops. All populations are a priority to conserve genetic heritage, since they have conferred unique haplotypes. This study pointed out the role of historical events and genetic drift via stepping stones in the evolutionary trajectories of this threatened species and restricted to seven inselbergs in the Atlantic Forest
Acessos de Capsicum spp. com potencial ornamental e resistência a múltiplas doenças
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-10-15) Alves, Thayllon de Assis; Bento, Cintia dos Santos; https://orcid.org/0000000316394166; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4236145191829946; https://orcid.org/000000032478851X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0420240855848079; Sudré, Cláudia Pombo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-7205; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4185732042391423; Xavier, André da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000292510301; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5661020509713522
Peppers, belonging to the genus Capsicum L., have been cultivated for a long time in family farming, as they have a good economic return, due to their diversification of use. In recent times, peppers are no longer only cultivated for the culinary, pharmaceutical and cosmetics market and have also started to stand out in the ornamental plant market, mainly due to their variability in color and shape of fruits and leaves. However, the emergence of diseases, caused by different phytopathogens, represents one of the limiting factors for the production of this crop. Therefore, the objective of this work is to identify accessions of Capsicum spp. belonging to the BAG - active germplasm bank of the Federal University of Espírito Santo -Brazil, Campus de Alegre, with ornamental potential and resistant to multiple diseases. To assess the ornamental potential,were used, 42 accessions of Capsicum spp. and the hot pepper cultivar for pot, as a control, totaling 43 genotypes. The morphoagronomic evaluations were performed using the descriptor for Capsicum from Bioversity International (IPGRI). For the selection of genotypes, the analysis of variance and the Scott-Knott mean comparison test were performed. To evaluate disease resistance, were used, 41 accessions and two controls were evaluated, cultivar Ikeda (negative control) and UENF 1381 (positive control), totaling 43 genotypes. For the resistance evaluation, a completely randomized experimental design was used. For the inoculation of Xanthomonas, the Isolate ENA 4135 was used, at concentrations of 108 CFU/mL, for the hypersensitivity reaction, and 105 CFU/mL for the quantitative evaluation. The assessment was performed using a grading scale, suggested by Riva-Souza (2009). For resistance to anthracnose, five fruits were inoculated, in the both immature and mature stages, of each plant, using a suspension of 106 conidia/mL. The assessment was carried out using the grading scale suggested by Montri et al. (2009). To identify resistance to PepYMV, accessions were kept under protected conditions, in cages lined with an anti-aphid screen, to prevent transmission of the virus to other plants in the area. The plants were visually evaluated, using the grading system from 1 to 5. For data analysis, the Area Below the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) and the incubation period were used. Genotypes with ornamental potential were found, both for potted cultivation and for outdoor garden ornamentation. Genotype 23 had the best characteristic for potted trade, and genotype 52 for garden ornamentation. Genotypes with resistance to the three diseases were also observed, these were 56 and 82 for all variables and 25 showed resistance for all variables except for anthracnose in unripe fruit. Other genotypes were characterized for simple resistance to one disease, and in some genotypes, resistance to two of the studied diseases was observed.
Análise da estrutura e diversidade genética de Paratecoma peroba (Record) Kuhlm. (Bignoniaceae), em remanescentes de Floresta Atlântica na região sul do estado do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-07-28) França, Tabatta Caroline Cerri; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-4398; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7759687639548301; https://orcid.org/0000000222337435; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3145725736925528; Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8795-6272; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0454157124995556; Silva Junior, Adelson Lemes da; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-8398; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0524898222244761
Paratecoma peroba (Record) Kuhlm, popularly known as peroba amarela is a deciduous forest species found in seasonal forests of the Atlantic Forest, reaching up 40 m in height. Wood was considered an extremely important commercial product, being used in construction, finishing and for luxury furniture. Owing to the potential of the wood, an excessive wood exploration occurred, drastically reduced the numbers of natural populations. As a result of this exploration and the devastation of Atlantic Forest, the species is currently at risk of extinction. In this sense, studies based on population parameters based on molecular data obtained from DNA can reveal information about the levels of genetic diversity, as well as the processes that maintain it. Besides, these studies can contribute to the selection of mother trees in order to contribute to management plans and conservation measures. The present study aimed to characterize the structure and genetic diversity of P. peroba populations in forest remnants in the southern region of Espírito Santo state. Three populations of P. peroba were sampled: Polo de Educação Ambiental da Mata Atlântica (PEAMA); Floresta Nacional de Pacotuba (FLONA de Pacotuba); e Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES). In total, 116 individuals were obtained. Ten ISSR primers were used, which revealed the amplification of 101 polymorphic loci. High genetic diversity was found, with number of alleles observed (Na = 1.99) and effective alleles (Ne = 1.49). Nei diversity index ranged between (H’= 0.22) and (H’ = 0.27), and Shannon index ranged between (I = 0.33) and (I = 0.43). The population of PEAMA has the highest rates of genetic diversity, while a population of IFES has the lowest values. An analysis of molecular variance (Amova) revealed that the greatest diversity occurred within populations (79.23%), the ØST value of the sources indicated a moderate genetic structure. The estimated gene flow for the set of populations studied was high (Nm = 7,0114), however, a genetic structure analysis indicated the presence of 3 genetic groups (K = 3). The ISSR marker used to evaluate populations of the P. peroba species proved to be adequate to measure genetic diversity, revealing that the populations of PEAMA and FLONA of Pacotuba have individuals with genetic variability for selection of mother trees. Thus, these populations can be used to collect seeds and produce seedlings, being destined for environmental recovery projects and management plans, in order to contribute with protection and conservation measures for P. peroba.
Análise do potencial genotóxico e mutagênico de lodo de esgoto em Allium cepa
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-26) Martins, Maria Nilza Corrêa; Souza, Tatiana da Silva; Lopes, José Carlos; David, José Augusto de Oliveira
The sewage sludge can contain high levels of inorganic and organic compounds with toxic, genotoxic and mutagenic properties. Its use in agricultural soils can be studied by the behaviour (or by the development and growth) of the different plant species relating to the toxic effects of this residue in different plant species. In a review it was possible to obtain data from the effects of the transfer of contaminants in soils supplemented with sewage sludge for plants and plants via the food chain. An organism test Allium cepa shows a positive response to this analysis of toxicity, that aimed to study the genetic toxicity of sewage sludge in Allium cepa. The experiment was conducted in the Laboratory of Morphology of the Center for Agricultural Sciences at the Federal University of Espírito Santo (CCA-UFES), in the municipality of Alegre, using seeds of Allium cepa treated with sludge from the ETE Jerônimo Monteiro and ETE Mulembá. The sludge were analysed with regard to physico-chemical and biological properties, according to the resolution CONAMA 375/2006. For the analysis of toxicity on the seeds of Allium cepa, 5.000 cells per treatment were evaluated by direct contact and trapped the samples and controls. The gross sludge presented physico-chemical results within the limits established by CONAMA resolution 375/2006. Only in the microbiological analysis the sludge of ETE of Jerônimo Monteiro presented fecal coliforms above the limit established by the resolution. For potential toxicity testing the sludge of ETE Jerônimo Monteiro was phytotoxic to raw sewage sludge, cytotoxic and genotoxic for sewage sludge solubilization. The gross sludge of ETE Mulembá presented genotoxic and mutagenic potential, while the sludge solubilized was cytotoxic. The sewage sludge with addition of lime presented potential phytotoxic to raw sludge, and for the sludge solubilized showed genotoxic and cytotoxic effect. The results were expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was performed using the nonparametric test of Kruskal-Wallis (p < 0.05). It is concluded that both sludge have toxic potential, serving warning to their use in agricultural soils, which should be monitored with cytogenetic analyses and control of toxic elements present in its composition.
Análise fito-citogenotóxica de concentrações ambientalmente relevantes de pesticidas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-03-30) Miranda, Luanna Alves; Souza, Tatiana da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5133-4428; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0969903694890602; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0231-8429; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8532258079837595; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praca; https://orcid.org/0000000177389518; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372644511398549; Figueiredo, Cintya Aparecida Christofoletti de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9525-0381; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8864599109027231
Brazil is one of the largest importers and consumers of pesticides in the world. Therefore, the intensive and indiscriminate use of these compounds is worrisome due to contamination of the aquatic environment. One of the associated problems is the exposure of non-target organisms to pesticides, causing clastogenic and also aneugenic damage, with alterations in the cell cycle, mutations and cell death. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether environmentally relevant concentrations of the pesticides glyphosate, 2,4-D, imidacloprid and iprodione, reported by CONAMA Resolution nº 375 (2005) and/or found in surface and supply waters cause phyto-toxic effects. cytogenotoxic agents in Allium cepa. Pesticides were tested singly and in combination. The analyzes performed were: germination index, germination speed, root growth, mitotic index, frequency of aberrant cells and cell cycle analysis by flow cytometry. It was found that pesticides and mixtures inhibited the cell division cycle (inhibition of the mitotic index, increased particle frequency in sub-G1, increased cells in G0/G1 and reduced nuclei in S and G2/M phases) induced the formation of aberrant cells and increased the coefficient of variation of G1, culminating in the reduction of germination index, germination speed and root length. The results of this study indicated that the tested pesticides and mixtures pose a risk to non-target organisms.
Análises biométricas de palmeiras juçara de fragmentos florestais no sul do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-19) Senra, João Felipe de Brites; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Ferreira, Adésio; Dalcolmo, José Maria; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça
The species Euterpe edulis Martius is native to the Atlantic Forest and popularly known as jussara palm. It is a key species of the Atlantic Forest, producing fruits that are consumed by about 30 bird species and 13 mammal species, and also presenting great economic potential for exploitation of its fruit in the form of pulp, sweets and ice creams. Currently the jussara palm is on the official list of endangered species in Brazil. The objectives of this study were to: estimate the coefficient of repeatability and determination of the characteristics of fruits and seeds, analyze the number of measurements for a 95% confidence level and test different methods for estimation of repeatability, study the genetic diversity among accessions and evaluate the pattern of seed germination via the Logistic, Gompertz, von Bertalanffy and Will Bill nonlinear models, quantify the inter-population genetic diversity of the species based on the correlation between plant traits and related to fruit production. Collection of the jussara palm fruits was performed in 20 forest fragments in the following municipalities in the southern region of the state of Espírito Santo: Alegre (eight fragments), Guaçuí (four fragments), Ibitirama (three fragments), Jerônimo Monteiro (one fragment), Mimoso (three fragments) and Muqui (one fragment). For the study of repeatability 198 accessions were used, 25 fruits per plant, evaluating: longitudinal and equatorial diameter of the fruit and seed (DLF, DLS, DEF and DES) in millimeters (mm), and fruit and seed mass (MF and MS) in grams (g). Deviance was estimated by the restricted maximum likelihood (REML). The coefficient of repeatability and determination and the required number of measurements was determined using the REML methods, principal components via the correlation matrix, and covariances and structural analysis based on correlation and covariance matrices. Estimates of the repeatability coefficients and determination of all variables analyzed were greater than 0.78 and 98% respectively, for all tested methodologies, performing 25 measurements. For 95% reliability, 5 measurements are required for the variables DLF, DEF, DLS, DES and MS and 4 measurements for the variable MF. The methods used do not differ with respect to estimate of the repeatability coefficient for the variables DLF, DES, MF and MS, while for the other variables the differences were minimal. To analyze the identity of the models, seeds from 40 accessions were used to evaluate: germination, germination speed index, mean germination time, first germination count and the germination percentage. Based on the quantitative data the generalized Mahalanobis distance matrix (d²) was calculate and later accessions were clustered by the Tocher optimization method divided into four groups. In each group germination was analyzed via non-linear regression using the Logistic, Gompertz, von Bertalanffy and Will Bill models. Fit of the models was evaluated by the determination coefficient (R²), residual mean error (QMR), mean absolute deviation (MAD), Akaike information criterion (AIC) and Bayesian information criterion (BIC). The identity test of the models was performed by the F-test. The Gompertz model showed intermediary values of ß1, ß2 and ß3 compared to other models which avoid under or over estimation of these regression parameters; in addition, this model presents the highest R 2 values and the lowest values of QMR, DMA, AIC and BIC, and is the most indicated to describe the pattern of germination. The identity test of the models was not significant and therefore a single regression is not efficient to describe the germination process. Groups three and four have the highest values of TG, indicating greater vigor, and for seedling production the ideal time for transplanting would be 30 days for groups one, two and 4, and 22 days for group three. For the study of genetic diversity, data from fruit of the 198 accessions utilized in the analysis of repeatability were used. In this case we evaluated the traits of: mass of one hundred fruits (MCF) and mass of one hundred seeds (MCS) in grams, pulp yield (RP) in percentage, stem diameter at 1.5 m above the ground (D1,5), stem diameter at 1.0 m above the ground (D1,0) and stem diameter at 0.5 m above the ground (D0,5) in millimeters, number of clusters (CN), cluster length (CC) in centimeters, number of rachilles (NR), and height of the cluster (AC) in meters. Based on these data the genetic correlation was estimated, and a principal components analysis and correspondence analysis were performed. Genetic correlation between the traits MCF x NR (0.44) is positive. The characteristic NR is the main determinant in variation of MCF and indirect selection can be effective, depending on estimates of heritability. The fragments GU3, AL4, JM1, MI1 and MQ1 from different municipalities are those that presented the greatest inter-population genetic divergence among the 20 fragments studied. The fragments GU2, GU3 and AL4 have exceptionally large individual producers regarding the mass of one hundred fruits (211.54 to 352.24 g) which make them important sources of selection for use in jussara palm breeding programs focused on the production of fruit pulp.
Aspectos Computacionais da Estimação e Predição em Modelos Lineares Mistos para Seleção de Híbridos de Milho em Ensaios Premilinares
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-30) Marçal, Tiago de Souza; Pastina, Maria Marta; Guimarães, Lauro José Moreira; Ferreira, Adésio; Santos, Pedro Henrique Araújo Diniz; Souza, Tércio da Silva de
Maize (Zea mays L.), is a specie from the Poaceae family, diploid and allogamous. In this culture, there is an increase with the accumulation of heterozygous loci, thus justifying hybrids productions. Due to drastic predictions of climate change and population growth in the coming years, it is necessary to adopt, develop and enhance methods that allow a greater efficiency in the selection and achieve greater genetic progress in crop improvement programs of agriculture importance that can help mitigation of challenges to sustain the food security of this century. Therefore, the objective of this study was to implement the algorithms of first and second derivatives for the REML (restricted maximum likelihood) method in R, generalizable for different mixed linear models and enable incorporate arrays of relationship. Moreover, to evaluate the impact of mathematical simplifications, sparse matrices and different convergence error rates in computational efficiency of these algorithms aiming to minimize the computational cost to enable REML in studies with a great number of maize hybrids and complex models, in computers with simple setup. The experimental data used in this study was obtained from harvest 2013/14 conducted in a randomized block design with five controls and 3352 simple maize hybrids in Embrapa (Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária) Maize and Sorghum in the city of Sete Lagoas- MG. The analyzed variable was grain yield, which is subjected to analysis using mixed models with and without pedigree of incorporation using different REML algorithms, in R. Computation response evaluated the convergence criteria, error rates convergence, sparse matrices, computers with different processing capabilities, different initial estimates of variance components and increasing number of EM (Expectation Maximization) steps in combined algorithms. The proposed algorithms were equivalent for the tested software (ASReml, Selegen and Ime4) and the estimates of variance components indicating their coherence. Furthermore, the use of sparse matrices in association with the proposed optimizations, reduced the computational cost of the algorithms using coefficients of determination as a convergence criteria and convergence error rate equal to 10-5. The hybrid combination of EM algorithm, in ten steps, with NR (Newton Raphson) reduced the computational cost and increased the average convergence percentage. Although, it was observed that uniform weights for the initial estimates of the variance components should be avoided.
Atividade biológica do óleo essencial de Peperomia alata Ruiz & Pav. (Piperaceae) em Lactuca sativa e Sorghum bicolor
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-02-23) Fernandes, Alda Francisca Rodrigues de Sousa; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; https://orcid.org/0000000177389518; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372644511398549; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-8996; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0156400714981561; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-5548; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2158304667499789; Souza, Tatiana da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5133-4428; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0969903694890602; Menini, Luciano; https://orcid.org/0000000336565428; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2646344913961349; Oliveira, Stéfanie Cristina de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8350-2601; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6404885772178652
The genus Peperomia stands out for the production of essential oils, and occupies the second position as a source of bioactive compounds in the Piperaceae family. Researches using essential oils have demonstrated the potential of these compounds regarding to their biological functions, which can be used as alternative sources based on natural products. Different species of the genus Peperomia have several reported activities, including P. alata, which has already been indicated as a medicinal plant. The tests carried out with plant bioassays allow the assessment of biological activity and identification of bioactive compounds. Thus, this research aimed to perform a phytochemical screening of the essential oil of P. alata leaves and to evaluate the phytotoxic potential, through the plant bioassays with Lactuca sativa and Sorghum bicolor, and the cytotoxic, genotoxic, mutagenic and antimutagenic potentials by meristematic cells of Lactuca sativa. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and its chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (CG-DIC) and mass spectrometry (CG-EM). The major compounds present in the essential oil were: myristicin (37.87%), gamma-cadinene (28.13%), safrole (16.37%) and o-methyleneugenol (9.74%). Concentrations of the essential oil of P. alata gradually inhibited germination and root and aerial growth in the two test models. Among the treatments that allowed seed germination, it was observed that there was a cytotoxic response in the concentrations of 750 and 187.5 ppm and genotoxic damage in the concentration of 1500 ppm. In the antimutagenic analysis, a significant reduction in damage caused by the MMS agent was noticed, demonstrating antimutagenic potential, and the results indicate that the essential oil of P. alata at a concentration of 187.5 ppm can inactivate the mutagenic agent (desmutagenesis) or modulate the DNA replication and repair (bioantimutagenesis). Therefore, the observed effects support its phytotoxic potential in eudicotyledons and monocotyledons and antimutagenic activity in meristematic cells of L. sativa. These results suggest that the essential oil of P. alata can be used as an alternative to new bioactive compounds, in development of bioherbicides and drugs.
ATRIBUTOS RADICULARES, FOLIARES E PRODUTIVOS EM DIVERSOS GENÓTIPOS CULTIVADOS DE Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-04-28) Schmidt, Raquel; Partelli, Fabio Luiz; https://orcid.org/0000000288300846; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6730543200776161; https://orcid.org/0000000203741563; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5719813884063445; Espindula, Marcelo Curitiba; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Campostrini, Eliemar; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Ramalho, José Cochicho
abstract
Avaliação da água do Rio Itapemirim/ES : aspectos abióticos e toxicogenéticos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-06-29) Galter, Iasmini Nicoli; David, José Augusto de Oliveira; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; Sousa, Tatiana da Silva; Paes, Marcela Ferreira
Itapemirim river is considered one of the most important water resources of the Espírito Santo. Considering the ecological and socio-economic importance of this water resource, the concern about water quality is crucial, which makes necessary water assessment with approaches that integrate abiotic aspects to toxicogenetics assays. This study aimed to evaluate the water quality of Itapemirim river, through analysis of abiotic and toxicogenetics aspects, using as a test organism A. cepa, O. niloticus, and mammalian cell culture. Therefore, we defined four sampling stations along the Itapemirim river, to collect water samples during two periods: high precipitation and dry spell. From the samples were evaluated conductivity (S / cm) water temperature (° C), dissolved oxygen (mg / L) and pH, as well as quantified metals concentration. For Allium cepa assay were performed root growth test and cytogenetic analysis. Micronucleus test and comet assay were made with O. niloticus specimens. MTT test and comet assay were performed with CHO-K1 cells. Most abiotic variables evaluated showed waters from two campaigns are according to CONAMA Resolution No. 357/2005, as well as most metals. However, Al and Cu levels were above in the water regarding the legislation. Based on the results, it was verified that the compounds present in the waters of these river have the phytotoxic, genotoxic and mutagenic potential for the two in vivo and in vitro test organisms. The most significant results were obtained from the RI 03 sample, probably because it is related to the fact that the station is near to urban area of Cachoeiro Itapemirim / ES. It was also noted that the two campaigns conducted showed negative effect on bioassays performed. The data in this study indicate that water quality of Itapemirim river is committed and alert to the risk that domestic and industrial wastewater discharges have on water bodies, especially because of the complex chemical constitution presented.
Avaliação toxicogenética, antioxidante e fitoquímica dos extratos de Cissus verticillata (L.) Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis (Vitaceae)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-06-29) Oliveira, Augusto César Santos de; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6746-5548; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2158304667499789; https://orcid.org/0000000312238836; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4209471405032410; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; https://orcid.org/0000000177389518; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372644511398549; Rocha, Lívia Dorsch; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3575-6740; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0442083500636100
Cissus verticillata Nicolson & C. E. Jarvis is a plant species widely used by the population in the treatment of diseases. Its use is due to its biological activities, such as its antiglycemic, anticonvulsant, antirheumatic, among others. In view of its importance in folk medicine, it is necessary to evaluate the plant with a toxicogenetic approach, as, even with beneficial characteristics for health, it may have some harmful effect. This work aimed to evaluate the toxicogenetic and antioxidant activities and chemical characterization of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of Cissus verticillata, using Allium cepa (L.) as test organism. For this, the two types of extracts were characterized and used as treatments in the phytotoxicity, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity assays, at concentrations of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 12.5 (% v/v). The chemical characterization of the extracts revealed the presence of classes of metabolites such as flavonoids, sugars and tannins. A reduction in A. cepa seed germination was observed at concentrations 100, 75, 50, 25 (% v/v) of the ethanol extract and root growth at all concentrations, except at concentrations 25 and 12.5 (% v /v) of the aqueous extract. The cell cycle of the meristematic cells of A. cepa roots was also affected by the reduction of the Mitotic Index, at the concentrations 75, 50, 25 (% v/v) of the ethanol extract and at the concentration of 100 (% v/v) of the aqueous extract. In the analysis of genotoxic and mutagenic activity, no significant alteration was found. Using the DPPH method, it was possible to identify the antioxidant capacity of the extracts, where the ethanol extract showed a better activity when compared to the aqueous extract, having an EC50 of 364.65 µg.mL-1 and 982.51 µg.mL-1 respectively. The data obtained in this study indicate that the extracts of C. verticillata, even causing changes in the mitotic index did not cause changes in the DNA molecule of the meristematic cells of Allium cepa, this fact may be related to the presence of the antioxidant activity of the extracts due to the presence of of phenolic groups such as flavonoids and tannins. These data contribute to a safer use of the plant by the population at the concentrations tested.
Caracterização bromatológica da polpa desidratada de frutos de Euterpe edulis Mart. e seleção de genótipos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-13) Dias, Natália Caroliny da Silva; Souza, Tércio da Silva de; Ferreira, Adésio; Menini, Luciano; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva
The species Euterpe edulis Martius is characterized by producing a high quantity of fruits that serve as food for birds and mammals during long periods of scarce resources. However, it's estimated that losses are occurring in the diversity of the species due to the forest fragmentation and the intense extractivism of the palm heart produced from the colonization of the country until the present day. Currently, the species is on the list of endangered species. The objective of this work was to chemically characterize the dehydrated pulp of the fruits of 60 E. edulis accessions collected in the southern region of Espírito Santo; evaluate the genetic variability and select genotypes based on chemical characters related to the commercialization of the fruits in order to apply them to the breeding program of the species. Fruits were collected from 60 accessions and analyzed for the following characteristics: moisture, biomass, yield, total acidity (ATT), total soluble solids (TSS), fiber (FIB), lipids (LIP), pH, mineral content (CM), total phenolic compounds (FNT), total anthocyanins (ANT), total flavonols (FLV); protein (PROT); total soluble sugars (AT) and soluble reducing sugars (AR). The Scott-Knott grouping test was performed at 5% probability. For the analysis of the genetic variability between and among the accessions was used.the method of grouping between groups (UPGMA) and analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA). The selection index was based on mixed models (REM/BLUP) and the mean rank of Mulamba and Mock. The E.edulis plant materials from southern Espírito Santo showed considerable variation in chemical contents with divergent access within the same locality. The UPGMA group structured the 60 accesses into four groups by the significance obtained by the Mojena method (1977). The genetic distance between the accessions of groups I and II was low indicating high similarity between them. The groups III and IV showed only one access, which diverged from all others. AMOVA was not significant. The accesses that obtained the best predicted gains according to the selection indices were IB3P4, IB3P9, IB3P5, IB3P6 and IB3P1, being able to occupy position of base individuals for crossing in the breeding program of the species.
Caracterização dos constituintes voláteis de espécies do gênero de Sparattanthelium Mart. (Hernandiaceae) e avaliação de fitotoxicidade e citotoxicidade em plantas modelo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-27) Dutra, Quezia Pains; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praça; Pinheiro, Patrícia Fontes; Carrijo, Tatiana Tavares
Brazil has been prominent in the production of agrochemicals; however, its use in agriculture has related to the environment and other organisms. The plants are reservoirs of secondary metabolites and may present allelopathic effect, being interesting to be used as bioherbicides. These metabolites can be found in essential oils in basal angiosperms. They have been found to be economically useful, such as groups are used for medicinal purposes and have shown antiproliferative activity in cancerous and antimicrobial cells. However, some species have unknown allelopathic and bioherbicidal potential, such as the genus Sparattanthelium, exclusively neotropical. Few species of this genus have been chemically characterized and the biological potential of the compounds is not known. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the essential oils extracted from the leaves of Sparattanthelium botocudorum and Sparattanthelium tupiquinorum in bioassays with the species Lactuca sativa and Sorghum bicolor. The oils were tested at concentrations of 3000, 1500, 750, 375 and 187.5 ppm. The chemical characterization was performed and the percentage of germinated seeds, the initial development of Lactuca sativa L. and Sorghum bicolor L. seedlings and the changes in the meristematic cycle of L. sativa roots. The major compound of both species was germacrene D (33.2 and 44.8%), followed by bicyclogermacrene (23.4 and 16.9%), ß-element (8.4 and 5.1%), germacrene A (17.7 and 8.7%). Tras-nerolidol (7.7%) was found only in S. botocudorum and ?-Cadinene (15%) in S. tupiquinorum. The phytotoxic assay revealed that the essential oil of both species reduced the root and aerial growth of L. sativa seeds. In S. bicolor it reduced germination and aerial growth. In the cytotoxic assay, the mitotic index and the increase of chromosomal and nuclear alterations resulting from the aneugenic and clastogenic action of the essential oils of S. botocudorum and S. tupiquinorum were observed.
Caracterização físico-química de diferentes genótipos de Coffea arabica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-27) Machado, Cyntia Meiry da Silva; Partelli, Fabio Luiz; https://orcid.org/0000000288300846; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6730543200776161; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9015-4342; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5777296367814033; Ferreira, Adesio; https://orcid.org/0000000270001725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5400370038397801; Pinheiro, Patricia Fontes; https://orcid.org/0000000340195773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7891884643619330; Krohling, Cesar Abel; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7633-8612; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7552709254215174
The physicochemical composition of the grain has been studied in order to characterize the compounds present in the coffee fruit. In Arabica coffee this interest in correlating chemical characterization and genetic parameters is recent. The objective of this work was to verify the characterization of Coffea arabica L. genotypes in relation to physicochemical characteristics such as total titratable acidity, electrical conductivity, potassium ion leaching and hydrogenation potential, as well as characteristics present in small portions of the coffee fruit, but vital for the formation of the aromatic flavor and that present bioactive characteristics in our organisms such as trigonelin, chlorogenic acid (5-CQA) and caffeine, the evaluated grains refer to two agricultural years (2014/15 and 2015/16), both submitted to two dry (natural) and wet (peeled cherry) processes. The samples used in the analyzes are of 40 C. arabica elite genotypes. Such genetic material comes from crosses involving commercial breeders ("Catuaí", "Caturra") with different sources of ("Hybrid of Timor", "Vila Sarchi" Icatú "), in this way, the parental present different sources of resistance to coffee rust. The analyzes were carried out in the laboratories of the Center of Agrarian Sciences and Engineering (CCAE) of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES). The determinations were performed in three replicates and all results were expressed on dry basis. It was found interaction between the factors genotypes x years x processing for all analyzed variables, climatic conditions were acting to obtain interaction. The physical-chemical variables evaluated showed genetic variability, as well as high heritability and discrimination. The variables electrical conductivity and potassium leaching contributed significantly to the genetic diversity of the genotypes found. Thus, this work points out chemical compounds contribute and may indicate a method of selection of genotypes with different characterizations through easy to perform analyzes; and shows some processing factors, environmental conditions influence the chemical constitution of the coffee
Caracterização genética de Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth em fragmentos de Floresta Atlântica: implicações à conservação e ao manejo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-02-25) Silva Júnior, Adelson Lemes da; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; https://orcid.org/0000000346919891; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3624066484009682; https://orcid.org/0000000309408398; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0524898222244761; Moreira, Sarah Ola; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0659-6725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3860741402516755; Godinho, Tiago de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6249-6054; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9828463783791328; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2344-4398; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7759687639548301; Soares, Tais Cristina Bastos; https://orcid.org/0000000163567993; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6580031598802359
Dalbergia nigra (Vell.) Allemão ex Benth is an arboreal species, popularly known as jacarandá-da-Bahia. Endemic to the Atlantic Forest, the species has economic and ecological importance, as it has quality wood and potential for use in the recovery of degraded areas. However, it is classified as vulnerable to extinction due to the fragmentation of the Atlantic Forest and its intense exploitation in the past, in which, little is known about the genetic consequences generated in its populations. The objective of this study was to characterize the diversity and genetic structure of the species Dalbergia nigra in the Atlantic Forest biome, within the limits of the state of Espírito Santo. The sampling was carried out in 12 populations distributed in the South, Central, Northwest and North-Coast mesoregions, being sampled 15 individuals per population, totaling 180 individuals. For the analyzes, 12 Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) primers and 7 pairs of Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) primers were used. Regarding the performance of the molecular markers, the PIC values for the ISSR ranged from 0.26 to 0.36, indicating moderate informativeness, whereas for the SSR the values ranged from 0.33 to 0.61, indicating moderate to high informativeness for the populations evaluated individually, and high for the joint data. The values of H* and I* calculated for the ISSR data and, mainly the HO, HE and F values obtained for the SSR data, also differentiated the populations with higher (PFP, FNP, APSE, RBS, RNV and MNPC) and minor (PEAMA, RPPNC, RBAR, FNRP, RBCV and APPE) genetic diversity, in addition to revealing moderate to high levels for genetic diversity in the joint data. The genetic distance between the pairs of individuals did not conform between the markers, however, a kinship relationship was observed by geographic proximity. Regarding genetic structuring, Amova indicated moderate genetic differentiation (ΦST = 0.1616) for ISSR data and low differentiation (ΦST = 0.1483) for SSR data, however, for both markers, the greatest genetic variation is within populations. The moderate to low genetic differentiation corroborates with the Nm data obtained from the ISSR (Nm = 1.98 to 8.78) and SSR (Nm = 1.09 to 9.21), indicating the occurrence of gene flow between populations. The Bayesian analysis carried out from the ISSR data resulted in only two groups, while the SSR data revealed that there are three genetic groups dividing into populations located in the North-Coastal region, close to or located in the Northwest region, and close or located in the South region. The Mantel test revealed a low correlation between the markers, however, according to the entanglement analysis, there was a moderate association between the matrices of genetic distances (Entanglement = 0.47), with consistency between some individuals. The satisfactory results found for the species confirm the potential of possible matrices for the collection of seeds and production of seedlings, however, the low levels of genetic diversity found for some populations, are possibly associated with the intense exploitation of D. nigra in the past and the fragmentation of the Atlantic Forest.
Caracterização genética e do solo em populações nativas de Vochysia bifalcata warm. no Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-26) Vianna, Larissa Souza; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Kunz, Sustanis Horn
Vochysia bifalcata is popularly known as Guaricica, is a tree neotropical species whose survival is threatened due to degradation processes of the natural environment and man operation, considered the threat of state they are in, it is necessary to obtain more detailed information the genetic diversity of natural populations of this species, which is possible from studies with microsatellite markers. In this context, the present study was to evaluate objetvo the genetic diversity of Vochysia bifalcata species and characterize soil fertility in two native populations established in Caparaó National Park, ES. Therefore, leaf samples from 28 adult individuals were collected from two native populations of V. bifalta. For transferability test were tested 8 microsatellite primers developed for Qualea grandiflora and 10 designed to Vochysia ferruginea in the genome of individuals to V. bifalcata. Total genomic DNA was isolated using the Doyle & Doyle protocol (1990) modified. The amplified fragments were separated by electrophoresis on gel polyacrylamide 10% with 1X TBE buffer. Electrophoresis was performed at constant voltage of 100 W for 5 hours. The markers that generate satisfactory amplifications were then used for the studies and genetic diversity of structure in all 28 individuals sampled. We randomly selected six soil sampling points in each population at depths 0-5; 5-10 e 10-20 cm and chemical analyzes were performed using the methodology proposed by EMBRAPA (1997). The heterologous amplification results for V. ferruginea to V. bifalcata were satisfactory, and then used for statistical analysis and Q. grandiflora for V. bifalcata were satisfactory, however proved to be monomorphic. For starters, V. ferruginea the results showed the average occurrence of 4.85 lleles/locus. In both two populations of seven loci analyzed suggested the presence of null alleles, with significant frequency. The allelic richness were similar between the two populations. The average observed heterozygosity for the population I was 0.434 and population II was 0.355, both distinct from the expected to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The average fixation index for the population I was 0.390 and the population II was 0.328, indicating the presence of inbreeding within populations. The average value of Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) was 0.608 for the population I and 0.566 for the population II and are considered highly informative. The pair of genotypes (9 and 11) and (5 and 9) were identified as the least dissimilar opulations the population I and II, respectively. The amount of GST (0.079) indicated a moderate genetic differentiation among populations. To AMOVA, 92.86% of the variation was within 12 populations and among populations 7.13%. After analyzing the program, STRUCTURE was possible to define the division into two groups of genotypes. The obtained average gene flow was 2.88 being considered high enough to counteract the effects of genetic drift. These data generate important information about the genetic variability, proving the importance of Caparaó National Park for the species conservation. Soil samples analyzed demonstrated that the fertility of both populations are present and a low acidity, the homogeneity of the soil fertility can be explained by the soil and climatic characteristics similar between the two study populations.
Caracterização molecular de Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan. em fragmentos de floresta atlântica para a seleção de matrizes
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-09-28) Silva, Karla Daniele Araújo da; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Kunz, Sustanis Horn; Soares, Taís Cristina Bastos
Caracterização molecular e morfoagronômica de variedades de milho (Zea mays L.) cultivadas em comunidades rurais
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-07-16) Martins, Liliana Aparecida Ribeiro; Soares, Tais Cristina Bastos; https://orcid.org/0000000163567993; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6580031598802359; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Fontes, Milene Miranda Praca; https://orcid.org/0000000177389518; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1372644511398549; Rosado, Carla Cristina Goncalves; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Cabral, Pablo Diego Silva; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
Corn is a crop intended for both human and animal consumption, and in recent years there has been a change in the scenario of choice of varieties for growing corn, WHERE traditional varieties have lost place to hybrids. However, these varieties have great
Caracterização molecular, anatômica e fisiológica de genótipos de Manihot esculenta (Crantz) com subsessilidade foliar
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-07-14) Cabral, Serli de Oliveira; Xavier, Andre da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000292510301; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5661020509713522; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3603-9382; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4012167873514652; Otoni, Wagner Campos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9614-9373; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6132560404570245; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1541-6634; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5719813884063445
The cassava (Manihot esculenta), commonly known as yuca or manioc, is extensively cultivated in tropical and subtropical regions and is one of the primary food crops. There is a growing interest in improving cassava for industrial applications, such as the production of biofuels and ethanol, making Active Germplasm Banks (AGBs) essential for conserving and selecting genotypes with desirable agronomic and industrial characteristics. One aspect that has been relatively unexplored is the foliar subsessility phenotype, which is present in certain cassava genotypes. The hypothesis is that these genotypes may offer advantages in field conditions due to their reduced petiole size, leading to a more efficient distribution of assimilates and, consequently, improved productivity. This characteristic can be leveraged in the development of more productive and resistant varieties using gene editing techniques. The objective of this research was to characterize, describe, and compare two cassava genotypes with the foliar subsessility phenotype at the molecular, anatomical, and physiological levels. Molecular, anatomical, and physiological analyses provided valuable information, enhancing the understanding of the implications of this phenotype. The results from field and physiological observations indicate that foliar subsessility in genotypes M1 and M2 influences the plant's canopy architecture, resulting ina "bouquet" configuration with overlapping leaves. This configuration demonstrated higher light capture efficiency, with higher levels of chlorophyll a and b, suggesting greater photosynthetic potential and possibly a higher plant density per hectare. In addition, a unique growth gradient was identified in these subsessile genotypes that require more detailed investigations into the hormonal factors involved in this process. Molecular analyses revealed that, despite similarities in phenotypic patterns, no specific background genetic pattern was identified associated with the foliar subsessility phenotype, indicating that this variation may occur spontaneously in any genotype or variety. Furthermore, notable differences were observed in the anatomy of stabilized short petioles, including the presence of a shell-like structure surrounded by filling/fundamental parenchyma cells and the absence of cambium. These results suggest that the variation found in genotypes with foliar subsessility may be associated with differential responses to edaphoclimatic factors, but further complementary assays are needed for a more comprehensive explanation. Understanding the genetic factors that control this phenotype is crucial for the genetic improvement of the cassava crop. Additional research at the transcriptome and proteome levels of these genotypes can contribute to mapping the genetic factors responsible for the subsessility phenotype, paving the way for expanding the potential of this crop through Innovative Techniques in Precision Breeding (ITPBs).
Caracterização molecular, morfofisiológica e fitoquímica de Varronia curassavica do Sul do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-24) Grancieri, Natália; Ferreira, Marcia Flores da Silva; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; Passos, Julianana de Lanna
The use of plants for medicinal purposes is one of the oldest forms of medical practice of mankind. In Brazil, the consumption of plants for medicinal purposes and in herbal medicines is increasing in all social classes and has received various incentives. To optimize the use of medicinal plants become important studies on genetic variability, as it has done the genetic and breeding programs trying to select superior genotypes. This requires performing their characterization using descriptors such as agronomic, morphological, biochemical and molecular. One of the concerns is the uniform production of secondary metabolites and understand the factors that can influence it. Among the various species of medicinal plants known in Brazil, is the curassavica Varronia, which despite its pharmacological and economic potential, yet little is known about their genetic diversity of natural populations. Thus, this study aimed to characterize genotypes of different native peoples of southern Espirito Santo, with variations of altitude, and thus compare them with pre-improved materials purchased from the State University of Campinas (Unicamp). Were collected from each plant, branches to be held vegetative propagation. The seedlings were grown in a greenhouse and then conducted molecular analyzes, physiological, morphological and physiological and phytochemical. It was found that in this experiment was low experimental precision. According to an estimated variation index (VI), there are variables that can be used to genotype selection. The heritability of most variables were medium to high. In clusters the variables of greater relative contribution were: AFT, SLA, LAI, FLA, CLT, CAB, A, gs, A / gs. A new grouping based on nine variables of relative contribution and so were formed three groups, the AFT being, AFE and the FLA that had the greatest contribution to the genetic divergence was conducted. When compared this group to the grouping performed by molecular markers, there was no identical or similar groups. In clusters, the genotypes are not grouped based on local collections of close or similar altitudes.

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