Acessos de Capsicum spp. com potencial ornamental e resistência a múltiplas doenças
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Data
2021-10-15
Autores
Alves, Thayllon de Assis
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Peppers, belonging to the genus Capsicum L., have been cultivated for a long time in family farming, as they have a good economic return, due to their diversification of use. In recent times, peppers are no longer only cultivated for the culinary, pharmaceutical and cosmetics market and have also started to stand out in the ornamental plant market, mainly due to their variability in color and shape of fruits and leaves. However, the emergence of diseases, caused by different phytopathogens, represents one of the limiting factors for the production of this crop. Therefore, the objective of this work is to identify accessions of Capsicum spp. belonging to the BAG - active germplasm bank of the Federal University of Espírito Santo -Brazil, Campus de Alegre, with ornamental potential and resistant to multiple diseases. To assess the ornamental potential,were used, 42 accessions of Capsicum spp. and the hot pepper cultivar for pot, as a control, totaling 43 genotypes. The morphoagronomic evaluations were performed using the descriptor for Capsicum from Bioversity International (IPGRI). For the selection of genotypes, the analysis of variance and the Scott-Knott mean comparison test were performed. To evaluate disease resistance, were used, 41 accessions and two controls were evaluated, cultivar Ikeda (negative control) and UENF 1381 (positive control), totaling 43 genotypes. For the resistance evaluation, a completely randomized experimental design was used. For the inoculation of Xanthomonas, the Isolate ENA 4135 was used, at concentrations of 108 CFU/mL, for the hypersensitivity reaction, and 105 CFU/mL for the quantitative evaluation. The assessment was performed using a grading scale, suggested by Riva-Souza (2009). For resistance to anthracnose, five fruits were inoculated, in the both immature and mature stages, of each plant, using a suspension of 106 conidia/mL. The assessment was carried out using the grading scale suggested by Montri et al. (2009). To identify resistance to PepYMV, accessions were kept under protected conditions, in cages lined with an anti-aphid screen, to prevent transmission of the virus to other plants in the area. The plants were visually evaluated, using the grading system from 1 to 5. For data analysis, the Area Below the Disease Progress Curve (AUDPC) and the incubation period were used. Genotypes with ornamental potential were found, both for potted cultivation and for outdoor garden ornamentation. Genotype 23 had the best characteristic for potted trade, and genotype 52 for garden ornamentation. Genotypes with resistance to the three diseases were also observed, these were 56 and 82 for all variables and 25 showed resistance for all variables except for anthracnose in unripe fruit. Other genotypes were characterized for simple resistance to one disease, and in some genotypes, resistance to two of the studied diseases was observed.
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Floricultura , fitopatógenos , pimenta