Marias de Ortiz: representações sociais e feminicídios na Região Metropolitana da Grande Vitória
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Data
2024-01-31
Autores
Portela, Bruno Cardoso
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
This thesis investigates feminicide - the murder of women when there is evidence of contempt for or discrimination against their status as women, which characterizes it as a crime perpetrated for reasons linked to the condition of the female gender. In 2015, the Feminicide Law was passed in Brazil, classifying this crime as heinous, which makes it unbailable for pardon, amnesty and provisional release. At the moment, many murderers of women are still acquitted in Brazilian courts. It should be noted that in such cases of intentional crimes against life, the trial takes place in the Jury Court, with the final decision made by ordinary citizens who act as jurors. Decisions in these courts are based on the information contained in the case files, but it is unlikely that they are not also influenced by personal conceptions and socially shared knowledge about the actors and the circumstances in which the crimes occurred. Considering this reality, it is understood that the study of the phenomenon of femicide should focus on an interdisciplinary approach, which is what this thesis aims to do. Theorizations from criminology, the field of social psychology - more specifically the theory of social representations and masculinity studies - were considered, as well as contributions developed from a gender perspective. The general objective was to analyze and understand femicide crimes that occurred between 2016 and 2020 in the Metropolitan Region of Greater Vitória (RMGV), in the state of Espírito Santo, exploring the specificities of their occurrence based on a corpus constructed from two sets of documentary data that are presented in the form of complementary studies. We began by analyzing and describing data on women's deaths/feminicide at the global, national and state levels, and then focused on police reports to identify the characteristics of women's homicides in the RMGV. We identified 263 intentional homicides against women between 2016 and 2020 in the RMGV. Seventy-one deaths were femicides. Women aged between 21 and 40 accounted for 63.38% of the victims. Black women accounted for 81.69%. No significant differences were found according to the income level of the neighborhoods associated with the number of femicides. Most of the crimes were committed using instruments with a high potential for causing suffering. The second set of data consists of statements made by the accused during the investigation phase at the Homicide and Women's Protection Police Station in Police Inquiries and formalized in Terms of Interrogation. We identified the most relevant aspects related to the motivation for these femicides and the context of the relationship. The textual files were submitted to qualitative content analysis and IRaMuTeQ software, developing frequency analysis of variables, with difference tests and analysis of variance in the terms used by the murderers. We found that such violence is strongly motivated by gender inequality, in which women are objectified. The daily life of affective/marital relationships is marked by the consumption of alcohol and other drugs, infidelity between partners and the use of violence to resolve conflicts. Analysis of the data set shows that, in local terms, although the crime of femicide is not conditioned by socio-economic barriers, considering the neighborhoods in which it occurs, it is strongly linked to ethnic/racial issues: the majority of cases victimize black women. Collective constructions influence social representations of gender roles, reinforcing their division and the imbalance of power in relationships, whether affective, social, at work or in other spheres of life. In this social division of the genders, the privileges of power are unbalanced towards the male gender, which often acts by assuming violent/lethal practices towards the objectified female. The results reinforce the need to address not only the obvious manifestations of femicide, but also the cultural constructions of masculinity that can fuel gender violence.
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Representações sociais , Feminicídio , Masculinidades