Análise da composição química e das atividades biológicas de Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (aroeira) submetida a diferentes tipos de adubação
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Data
2020-02-28
Autores
Aleluia, Rene Lemos
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae) is a plant native to South America, popularly known as Brazilian peppertree. It is one of the most used plant species in traditional medicine and gastronomy. The use of aroeira and its products is still based on extractivism, which does not guarantee uniformity regarding its chemical composition and the biological activity resulting from those compounds, due to the interference of environmental factors. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the influence of different types of fertilization on the production of secondary metabolites of S. terebinthifolia plants regarding the biological activities exhibited by the ethanol extracts produced from the leaves and fruits of those plants. The plant material used in the present study was collected in an experimental plantation at INCAPER, Linhares - ES. Different fertilization conditions were used, with the following characteristics: T1 = control; T2 = 100g of NPK fertilizer; T3 = T2 + 2g of boron (H3BO3); T4 = T2 + 4g zinc (ZnSO4); T5 = T2 + 2g of boron (H3BO3) + 4g of zinc (ZnSO4), and T6 = 500g of organic fertilization (bovine manure). After the collection, the plant material (leaves and fruits) of each treatment was dried, crushed and crude ethanolic extracts were produced with them. Leaf and fruit samples were evaluated for their chemical nutrient profile. All the extracts produced were evaluated for their chemical profile using Mass Spectrometry (ESI (-) FT-ICR MS and MS / MS), phytochemical composition (phenols, flavonoids and tannins), antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP and Fe2+ chelation), cytotoxicity and anti-cytotoxicity in human lymphocytes and antiproliferative effect in in vitro Sarcoma 180 cells (MTT assay) and allelopathic potential (Allium cepa test system). The analysis of the chemical content of the plant material of S. teribinthifolia revealed that the leaves were the organs that showed the greatest alteration in the content of macro and micronutrients, as they contained low levels of P, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn. The fruits of plants fertilized with T1, T2, T3, T4 and T6 showed a lack of Zn and Mn, but a high content of copper (Cu). Spectrometric analyses identified different classes of substances in the ethanol extracts of fruits and Brazilian peppertree leaves, with emphasis on anacardic acids and their derivatives. The extracts of fruits and leaves of S. terebinthifolia showed different responses in the phenolic quantification tests and in the antioxidant tests, with T1F and T6F having higher content of phenolic compounds. Multivariate analysis (PCA) demonstrated that the presence of those bioactive compounds influenced better responses of these extracts in antioxidant action, when evaluated by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP tests. However, in the Fe+2 chelation test, fruit extracts from treatments T3 and T5 were more efficient. In the evaluation of cell viability in human lymphocytes, most extracts tested showed cytotoxic activity at the concentrations and times evaluated, with the T2 treatment being the one with the greatest selectivity of action in relation to tumor cells. In the anticytotoxic evaluation, in the simultaneous treatments and in post-treatment, the extracts of T1F and T6F demonstrated a protective capacity to human lymphocytes against cisplatin. Regarding the allelopathic potential (AI), all extracts tested interfered in the germination of seeds exposed to them, as well as in the parameters of germination (GSI) and root growth (RML and RGSI)
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Alelopatia , Ácidos anacárdicos , Antioxidantes , Citotoxicidade , Allelopaty , Anacardic acids , Antioxidants , Cytotoxicity