Entre bilhetes, tabelas e araucárias: o licenciamento ambiental como processo diplomático entre coletivos humanos e não humanos
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Data
2025-12-15
Autores
Lins, Rebeca Mathias
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Environmental licensing, as Brazil’s main instrument of environmental impact assessment (EIA), stands at the crossroads of development and socio-environmental protection. This research investigates the rare occurrence of license rejections by the Brazilian environment agency, Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis (IBAMA) and seeks to understand the role of the licensing process – beyond its binary outcomes – in shaping project viability. Adopting a mixed-methods approach, the study combines descriptive statistics of 2,181 licensing procedures (1988–2022) with document ethnography of two cases of preliminary license denial: the Pai Querê hydropower plant (RS/SC) and the Estaleiro EISA shipyard (AL). The theoretical framework draws on Bruno Latour and actor-network theory, exploring diplomacy between human and non-human collectives. Findings reveal that, although fewer than 1% of licenses were denied, licensing serves as a fertile arena for controversies, project modifications, and the strengthening of collectives. In Pai Querê, endangered species, NGOs, and the Public Prosecutor’s Office allied to block a strategic national project; in Estaleiro EISA, technical contestation of locational matrices led to relocating the project to protect mangroves. The study concludes that licensing not only legitimizes projects but also materializes socio-environmental and political disputes, offering a diplomatic space for non human representation and advancing reflections on the limits and potential of Brazil’s environmental policy.
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Palavras-chave
Licenciamento ambiental , Avaliação de impacto ambiental , Diplomacia entre coletivos , Métodos mistos , Política socioambiental