Ativismo de mulheres negras: o papel do racismo e da identidade social

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Data
2025-03-21
Autores
Silva, Maiara da
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
This dissertation investigated the experience of Black women from the intersection of racism, sexism, and other oppressions, understanding racism as a contemporary structural social phenomenon and sexism as a subordinating social construct. The concepts of social identity and social activism were central to analyzing the overlap of race and gender, in conjunction with intersectionality. The overall objective of this research was to explore the relationship between activism and social identity among Brazilian Black women, with the aim of understanding whether social identity affects engagement in activist actions. A quantitative and qualitative methodology was adopted, with the participation of 219 Brazilian women (aged 1879 years). Data collection was conducted online through an electronic form, and took place from July to September 2024. The data collection instruments used were: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Multidimensional In-group Identification Scale (MGIS), Mobilized Collective Identity Scale for Black Women (MCISBW), Black Community Activism Orientation Scale (BCAOS), and Questionnaire on Activism. In the quantitative analyses, Exploratory Factor Analyses and descriptive and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation and linear regression) were performed. Textual data were analyzed using IRaMuTeQ software, employing Descending Hierarchical Classification (DHC), and Content Analysis. The quantitative results revealed: a unifactorial structure for the EIS and for the MCISBW, and a bifactorial structure for the OABC; high endogroup identification (in the total sample and among activists), a high level of mobilized collective identity, and a strong orientation towards activism for the Black community and towards formal and low-risk political activism, as well as a moderate orientation towards high-risk activism. Activists showed higher endogroup identification, and formal and low-risk political activism presented a more pronounced orientation compared to high-risk activism. A moderate and positive correlation was identified between endogroup identification and mobilized collective identity, as well as positive and weak correlations between endogroup identification and both types of activism (high risk, and formal and low risk political activism). Additionally, a positive and weak correlation was observed between mobilized collective identity and high-risk activism, and a positive and moderate correlation between high-risk activism and formal and low-risk political activism. No significant linear correlation was found between mobilized collective identity and formal and low-risk political activism. Simple linear regression indicated that endogroup identification significantly predicted both mobilized collective identity and the two types of activism (formal and low-risk political activism, and high-risk activism), and that mobilized collective identity predicted high-risk activism. The analyses using DHC identified five classes of definitions of activism, six classes related to the influence of Black women's identity on activism, and six classes of motivations for activism. Content Analysis identified four categories of activist agendas and actions. In summary, this research confirmed the moderate and contextual influence of social identity on the activism of Black women, with the potential to contribute to scientific knowledge and to the development of racial equity and social justice policies in Brazil.
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Ativismo social , Identidade social , Psicologia social
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