Isolamento e identificação de fungos lignocelulolíticos capazes de mitigar CCA em madeira tratada
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Data
2025-05-30
Autores
Figueiredo, Damielle Leite
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood is widely used in Brazil as it enhances durability and resistance against wood-boring insects and weathering. However, the use of CCA raises environmental concerns due to the potential leaching of heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and arsenic (As), which can pose risks to the environment and public health. This study aimed to isolate and identify lignocellulolytic fungi with the potential for CCA detoxification in treated eucalyptus wood in use in the southern region of Espírito Santo. Samples of CCA-treated Eucalyptus spp. wood were collected from areas at different altitudes in the municipality of Jerônimo Monteiro - ES, showing signs of fungal degradation. After the isolation process and phenotypic identification, 21 fungal morphotypes were initially characterized, of which 19 were visually classified as distinct after refinement. Cultures were tested for resistance to Cr, Cu, and As concentrations, separately in supplemented culture media, in which eight isolates showed uninterrupted growth at all evaluated concentrations (2, 4, 6, and 8 g L¹) calculated in oxide base. The fungi with notable resistance were subjected to genetic analysis and identified as belonging to the genera Penicillium and Paecilomyces. Specifically, Penicillium wotroi, Penicillium citreosulfuratum, and Paecilomyces lecythidis were identified. Literature suggests that these genera have biotechnological potential due to their ability to metabolize heavy metals through organic acids and ligninolytic enzymes. Special attention was given to the fungi Penicillium citreosulfuratum and Paecilomyces lecythidis. One fungus, Penicillium citreosulfuratum, and a variant of Paecilomyces lecythidis also demonstrated growth capability in commercial CCA-supplemented media (6.5 g L m-3). The results indicated that greater resistance and adaptability to heavy metals were observed in fungi originating from mid-altitudes (150 550 m) and high altitudes (600 800 m), suggesting that natural environmental selection facilitates the evolution of these species in CCA-exposed environments. This study confirms the hypothesis that fungi with bioremediation potential exist in the studied region, highlighting pathways for the application of these species in bioremediation strategies for treated wood residues. Finally, the importance of further investigations for genetic confirmation and exploration of the biotechnological potential of these species is emphasized
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Detoxificação , Fungos xilófagos , Arseniato de cobre cromatado , Eucalipto , Detoxification , Decay fungi , Chromated copper arsenate , Eucalyptus