Mestrado em Ciências Florestais
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2008
Conceito atual na CAPES: 5
Ato normativo: Portaria nº 398 de 29 de maio de 2025, publicado no DOU de 02/06/2025. Homologação do Parecer CNE/CES nº 176/2025
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Ciências Florestais
Url do curso: https://cienciasflorestais.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGCFL/detalhes-do-curso?id=1424
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- ItemNutrientes e carbono em Khaya(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-27) Carvalho, Matheus Azevedo; Momolli, Dione Richer; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1235-2030; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2739086911200257; Moura, Cristiane Coelho de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-8638; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8485099797100386; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4691-9891; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3624066484009682; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2303-7107; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1390348815030551; Pereira, Rozimar de Campos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6095243320311276; Dick, Grasiele; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0896-546X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3817205061058554; Souza, Jonicélia Cristina Araujo Vieira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9702494465901097This study aimed to evaluate the stem of Khaya grandifoliola, Khaya senegalensis, and Khaya ivorensis at 8 years and 7 months of age and to determine whether these species differ in their biomass, nutrient, carbon, and nutrient use efficiency (NUE) stocks. The study site is located in the Vale Natural Reserve, in the municipality of Linhares, Espírito Santo, Brazil (19°09′01.2″ S and 40°04′48.7″ W). A preliminary census was carried out, from which five trees of average diameter were selected for felling. From each tree, three 5 cm discs were removed at the base, middle, and top of the trunk. Two opposing wedges were then taken from each disc to represent heartwood and sapwood proportionally, and these wedges were separated into stembark and stemwood compartments. The samples were oven-dried to a constant weight, ground, and taken to the laboratory for determination of carbon, macro, and micronutrient contents on for each tree. Stemwood and stembark biomass were estimated based on the census of the same stand. Using the nutrient content and biomass data from the felled trees, a principal component analysis (PCA) was performed, considering statistical significance, collinearity, and coefficient of variation (CV). Nutrient and carbon stocks were calculated as the product of average nutrient content and census-based biomass. For the calculation of NUE, the ratio between nutrient content for each tree and its respective biomass was used. The contents, biomass, stocks, and NUE were subjected to analysis of variance and Tukey’s test (p < 0.05), while the PCA was subjected to a PERMANOVA (Permutational Multivariate Analysis of Variance). Macronutrient contents in the stembark followed the same order: Ca > N > K > Mg > S > P, whereas the stemwood nutrient order varied according to species. The biomass of K. senegalensis had the highest proportion of stembark (24.13%) relative to stemwood. In contrast, K. ivorensis showed the lowest stembark biomass but the highest stemwood biomass, not differing statistically from K. grandifoliola. The stemwood biomass of K. senegalensis was about 13% lower than that of the other species. The PCA indicated clustering among the Khaya species, explaining 83% of the total variance in three principal components (PC1 = 36.1%; PC2 = 26.4%; PC3 = 20.5%). K. senegalensis exhibited high stembark stocks of N (68.83 kg ha-1), P (4.33 kg ha-1), and K (53.37 kg ha-1) and high stemwood stocks of N (72.66 kg ha-1), Mg (12.91 kg ha-1), and P (10.66 kg ha-1), in addition to the highest carbon accumulation in stembark (3.07 Mg ha-1). K. ivorensis had the highest stemwood stocks of K (77.75 kg ha-1) and Fe (360.98 g ha-1), yet the lowest stocks of N and Ca. K. grandifoliola presented the highest stemwood stock of Ca and intermediate values for the other nutrients. Stemwood carbon stock did not differ among the species, with an average of 11.77 Mg ha-1. NUE in the stembark did not differ among species. In the stemwood, K. ivorensis demonstrated greater efficiency in the use of N, Ca, Mg, and Cu, but lower efficiency for Fe; K. grandifoliola was more efficient in the use of Zn, Mn, and K; and K. senegalensis stood out only in the NUE of Fe, showing low efficiency for N, Mg, and Mn.
- ItemTranspiração e respostas fisiológicas de plantas jovens de Eucalyptus sob diferentes níveis de restrição hídrica(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-07-25) Benevides, Aline Besteti Salucci; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 1º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 2º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 3º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 4º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 5º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 6º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; dc.contributor.referee7; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/In Brazil, eucalyptus plantations have been expanding rapidly, accounting for approximately 76% of planted forest areas. However, forest plantations are highly water-sensitive, especially in the early stages of field establishment. This characteristic highlights the importance of accurately quantifying actual water consumption by plants, not only to optimize water management but, more importantly, to understand physiological thresholds under environmental stress conditions. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the performance of a transpiration estimation method and investigate the effects of water restriction on young eucalyptus plants. The research was divided into two phases. In the first phase, seedlings of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla × Eucalyptus grandis (clone I144) were transplanted into 120-liter pots filled with commercial substrate enriched with controlled-release fertilizer. For 147 days, substrate moisture was maintained at 90% of maximum water holding capacity (MRWC), and plant transpiration was monitored using a lysimetric platform system. In parallel, an adaptation of the Penman-Monteith equation was tested to estimate transpiration based on periodic leaf area measurements and meteorological data from an automatic station installed at the experimental center. In the second stage, five months after transplanting—when the plants had an average leaf area of 8.45 m², diameter of 3.61 cm, and height of 2.85 m—three levels of substrate water availability were applied: 100% (Treatment 1), 60% (Treatment 2), and 40% of MRWC (Treatment 3). During the water restriction period, physiological parameters such as net photosynthesis, transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosystem II quantum yield (Fv/Fm), leaf water potential, and leaf temperature were evaluated. After five days of restriction, irrigation was reestablished for all treatments, and the same parameters were reevaluated to assess plant recovery. The results of the first stage demonstrated that the proposed model for estimating daily and hourly transpiration performed well when adjusted for leaf area, as evidenced by high coefficient of determination (R²) values and low root mean square error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE). Including leaf area as an independent variable was essential for accurate modeling of transpiration, especially in young trees, a critical stage of field development where reliable estimates are often scarce. From a physiological perspective, analyzed in the second stage, water restriction caused progressively deleterious effects on the young plants of the clone evaluated, compromising water consumption, transpiration, stomatal conductance, net photosynthesis, and the efficiency of photosystem II. These changes culminated in morphological damage, such as increased basal leaf abscission and increased leaf temperature, especially under severe water restriction. Overall, the results reinforce the importance of considering structural variables, such as leaf area, when modeling transpiration. Furthermore, they demonstrate the physiological vulnerability of young eucalyptus plants to water limitation, highlighting the need for more effective management strategies to ensure functional performance under stress conditions
- ItemAproveitamento de partículas da casca de café na produção de painéis compósitos fabricados com resina poliéster(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-24) Araújo, Felipe Gabriel Santos; Oliveira, Michel Picanço; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9241-0194; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6383844066460475; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7069-5408; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1456976379159071; Lopes, Felipe Perissé Duarte; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1867-6722; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1944239448019813; Amaral, Heliane Rosa do; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6372-6226; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2532103635590392; Moulin, Jordao Cabral; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5543-3853; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3577181658928552Coffee production generates large amounts of husk residues, accounting for approximately 45 55% of the fresh fruit weight. In Brazil, one of the world's largest coffee producers, improper disposal of these residues has become a significant environmental issue. This study aimed to investigate the potential of coffee husk as a reinforcing material in polymer biocomposites, seeking to provide a sustainable solution for the utilization of these agro-industrial residues. To achieve this, a detailed characterization of coffee husk particles (CHP) was performed, including physicochemical, thermogravimetric, X-ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The results showed that CHP have a composition rich in lignin (37.26%), cellulose (30.96%), and hemicellulose (20.39%), with an apparent density of 430 kg/m³ and a relative density of 1490 kg/m³. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the material exhibits thermal stability up to 210°C, with major degradation occurring at 325°C. Additionally, the cellulose crystallinity index was 33.62%, and microscopy images revealed a rough surface, which may enhance interfacial adhesion in polymer matrices. Based on these characteristics, composite panels were produced using CHP in a polyester matrix, with volume fractions of 30%, 40%, and 50%. The panels were fabricated by cold pressing and evaluated in terms of their mechanical, physical, and thermal properties. The results demonstrated that increasing the CHP content led to an improvement in flexural modulus (reaching 3.59 GPa) and Shore D hardness (86.4), but also caused a 36.5% reduction in flexural strength due to void formation and lower interfacial adhesion. Impact toughness increased by 11.6%, indicating that the particles act as barriers to crack propagation. Water absorption increased proportionally to the CHP content, stabilizing after 24 days of immersion, while the thermogravimetric analysis of the composites revealed thermal stability up to approximately 300°C. In summary, coffee husk proved to be a viable material for the production of sustainable biocomposites, with suitable properties for applications requiring stiffness and impact resistance. This study highlights the potential of CHP as an eco-friendly alternative to reduce the use of conventional materials, contributing to the circular economy and the development of more sustainable products.
- ItemIdentificação e análise do fenômeno das ilhas de calor urbano no município de Vitória, ES(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-21) Zandonadi, Cecília Uliana; Moreira, Taís Rizzo ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5536-6286; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6717864186103246; Santos, Alexandre Rosa dos ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2617-9451; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7125826645310758; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0441-4505; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0145451351757211; Ferrari, Jeferson Luiz ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5663-6428; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5213847780149836; Guerra Filho, Plinio Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1590-5123; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5539793802576065The accelerated urban growth and the replacement of vegetated areas by impervious surfaces have intensified the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon, especially in tropical cities such as Vitória, Brazil. This study analyzed how urban vegetation influences the formation and (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NDVI and Green Area Index GAI), urbanization indices (Normalized Difference Built-Up Index NDBI and Built-Up Index BU), and thermal indices (Land Surface Temperature LST, Thermal Discomfort Index TDI, and Urban Thermal Field Variation Index UTFVI) were used. Data were obtained from the OLI sensor aboard Landsat 8, in addition to demographic data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) and meteorological data from the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) for the years 2013 and 2023. The results indicate that areas with greater vegetation cover showed milder surface temperatures, while densely urbanized neighborhoods, such as the city center and the industrial district, recorded the highest UHI levels. The UTFVI index revealed an intensification of urban thermal stress over the decade, correlated with increased urbanization and the reduction of green areas. The correlation among indices demonstrated that vegetation plays a moderate role in mitigating thermal stress in Vitória; however, its uneven distribution creates microclimates that impact neighborhoods heterogeneously. This study highlights the need for urban policies that prioritize the expansion and preservation of green areas to mitigate UHI effects and promote greater thermal comfort for the population
- ItemIsolamento e identificação de fungos lignocelulolíticos capazes de mitigar CCA em madeira tratada(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-05-30) Figueiredo, Damielle Leite; Araujo, Caroline Palacio de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0259-2543; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1424851890250661; Castor Neto, Thayanne Caroline ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-1665; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6667969524192169; Silva, Genivaldo Alves da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8142-6665; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3301704677133401; Paes, Juarez Benigno ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-4246; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3454401627877927; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-3172-9403; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2649838099025232; Chaves, Izabella Luzia Silva ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3808-0136; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1057676508843699; Nicacio, Marcos Alves ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5530-3154; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3271895926396491Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) treated wood is widely used in Brazil as it enhances durability and resistance against wood-boring insects and weathering. However, the use of CCA raises environmental concerns due to the potential leaching of heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), and arsenic (As), which can pose risks to the environment and public health. This study aimed to isolate and identify lignocellulolytic fungi with the potential for CCA detoxification in treated eucalyptus wood in use in the southern region of Espírito Santo. Samples of CCA-treated Eucalyptus spp. wood were collected from areas at different altitudes in the municipality of Jerônimo Monteiro - ES, showing signs of fungal degradation. After the isolation process and phenotypic identification, 21 fungal morphotypes were initially characterized, of which 19 were visually classified as distinct after refinement. Cultures were tested for resistance to Cr, Cu, and As concentrations, separately in supplemented culture media, in which eight isolates showed uninterrupted growth at all evaluated concentrations (2, 4, 6, and 8 g L¹) calculated in oxide base. The fungi with notable resistance were subjected to genetic analysis and identified as belonging to the genera Penicillium and Paecilomyces. Specifically, Penicillium wotroi, Penicillium citreosulfuratum, and Paecilomyces lecythidis were identified. Literature suggests that these genera have biotechnological potential due to their ability to metabolize heavy metals through organic acids and ligninolytic enzymes. Special attention was given to the fungi Penicillium citreosulfuratum and Paecilomyces lecythidis. One fungus, Penicillium citreosulfuratum, and a variant of Paecilomyces lecythidis also demonstrated growth capability in commercial CCA-supplemented media (6.5 g L m-3). The results indicated that greater resistance and adaptability to heavy metals were observed in fungi originating from mid-altitudes (150 550 m) and high altitudes (600 800 m), suggesting that natural environmental selection facilitates the evolution of these species in CCA-exposed environments. This study confirms the hypothesis that fungi with bioremediation potential exist in the studied region, highlighting pathways for the application of these species in bioremediation strategies for treated wood residues. Finally, the importance of further investigations for genetic confirmation and exploration of the biotechnological potential of these species is emphasized