Mestrado em Ciências Florestais
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2008
Conceito atual na CAPES: 5
Ato normativo: Portaria nº 398 de 29 de maio de 2025, publicado no DOU de 02/06/2025. Homologação do Parecer CNE/CES nº 176/2025
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Ciências Florestais
Url do curso: https://cienciasflorestais.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGCFL/detalhes-do-curso?id=1424
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Submissões Recentes
- ItemAvanços metodológicos na análise da distribuição de lignina na parede celular e caracterização anatômica de madeiras nativas da Amazônia(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2026-02-24) Silva, Josy Tainara Silva; Moreira, Silvino Intra ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4693-8806; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9570271977161750; Moulin, Jordão Cabral ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5543-3853; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3577181658928552; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9162-9878; https://lattes.cnpq.br/3646240341036130; Latorraca, João Vicente de Figueiredo ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5969-5199; https://lattes.cnpq.br/9612404360795583; Almeida, Maria Naruna Félix de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-7780; https://lattes.cnpq.br/5436388734663217; Dambroz, Graziela Baptista Vidaurre ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9285-7105; https://lattes.cnpq.br/2988548512574129Wood from native species of the Amazon Forest exhibits high structural and chemical complexity, whose understanding is still limited by the scarcity of available information. This dissertation aimed to evaluate methodologies for lignin analysis using fluorescence microscopy, as well as to characterize wood anatomy and analyze the distribution and fluorescence intensity of lignin in different cellular regions in wood from native Amazonian species, based on the application of the validated technique. In the first chapter, different chemical treatments and image processing methodologies were tested for the analysis of cellular lignin using fluorescence microscopy, aiming to validate the technique through the relationship between total lignin content in wood and the fluorescence intensity emitted in histological sections. Seven species were analyzed: melancieira (Alexa grandiflora Ducke), angelim saia (Parkia pendula (Willd.) Benth. ex Walp.), guaruba (Vochysia maxima Ducke), angelim pedra (Hymenolobium petraeum Ducke), freijó (Cordia sagotii I.M. Johnst.), pequiá (Caryocar villosum (Aubl.) Pers.), and angelim vermelho (Dinizia excelsa Ducke). Total lignin content in wood was obtained using the Klason method, and four treatments were used for fluorescence intensity analysis: in natura autofluorescence, autofluorescence without extractives, basic fuchsin, and Mäule. Images were processed using the ImageJ software, in which three image processing methodologies were tested. The results indicated that autofluorescence in sections without extractives, analyzed using an automated background subtraction method, showed the best performance and high correlation with total lignin content, ensuring speed, reproducibility, and standardization of the results. In the second chapter, wood anatomical characterization and the analysis of lignin distribution and fluorescence intensity in different cellular regions were performed. The anatomical analysis revealed high interspecific variability in the dimensions, frequency, and organization of vessels, fibers, rays, and intervessel pits. Lignin analysis showed a predominance of guaiacyl units in vessel walls and in the middle lamella, whereas fibers exhibited interspecific variations in lignin composition. Fluorescence intensity was higher in the middle lamella, followed by vessel and fiber walls. Overall, the results demonstrate that each Amazonian species combines vessels, pits, fibers, rays, and lignin in a functionally integrated manner, expressing distinct anatomical strategies that support hydraulic performance and the mechanical resistance of wood
- ItemControle mecânico de espécies exóticas arbóreas em área protegida da Mata Atlântica(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-11-26) Santos, Amanda Magda Almeida; Miyajima, Ricardo Hideaki ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6200-0060; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1812496049170578; Fiedler, Nilton Cesar ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4376-3660; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8699171075880935; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1028-6391; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9052988632932356; Freitas, Luis Carlos de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8448-0843; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5424078810153491; Canto, Juliana Lorensi do ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1551-1543; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3730343975000138; Dias, Patrícia Borges ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5227-8341; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1194831380343570Biological invasions are among the main drivers of environmental transformation on a global scale, threatening ecosystems such as the Atlantic Forest, reducing biodiversity, altering ecosystem processes, and generating impacts. The control of exotic tree species in Protected Areas can be efficiently conducted using forest operations techniques. This study aimed to analyze the technical and operational aspects of mechanical control of exotic trees through chainsaw felling in a Protected Area of the Atlantic Forest, considering productivity, quality, costs, and environmental impacts resulting from the operation. The results indicated an effective productivity of 4.93 m³/h, with 22.84% productive time and 77.16% non-productive time. A significant relationship was observed between diameter at breast height (DBH) and cutting time, indicating that trees with larger DBH required more operational time. The quality in terms of technical criteria for tree felling was assessed as 60% non-compliant with the directed felling method. The total operational cost of chainsaw cutting was R$ 304.40 per effective hour, resulting in an average cost of R$ 61.76 per cubic meter, with operational labor costs accounting for 46.93% of the total costs. The main damages observed during the operations were breakage, toppling, and crushing of native species, canopy opening, soil exposure, and wildlife disturbance. The results show that technical training and procedural standardization are essential for the sustainability of mechanical control of exotic tree species in the Pacotuba National Forest, as they can reduce costs, increase productivity, and minimize environmental impacts
- ItemClassificação e análise não destrutiva em vigas de madeira lamelada colada (MLC) de Eucalyptus sp. reforçadas com fibras naturais e sintética(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-06-27) Vicentini, Rogério; Paes, Juarez Benigno; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4776-4246; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3454401627877927; Araújo, Caroline Palacio de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0259-2543; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1424851890250661; Dan, Markcilei Lima; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2733-3473; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1680048346289267; Segundinho, Pedro Gutemberg de Alcântara; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4393-8686; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0125088071269647; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6386-5224; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4851102331816092; Castor Neto, Thayanne Caroline; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-1665; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6667969524192169; Chaves, Izabella Luzia Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3808-0136; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1057676508843699; Medeiros Neto, Pedro Nicó de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5647-0050; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6441001734932075; Gonçalves, Fabrício Gomes; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2010-9508; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0616694853822879This study was structured in two integrated chapters. The first chapter addressed the classification and non-destructive analysis of lamellae intended for the manufacture of glued laminated timber (Glulam) beams, demonstrating the feasibility of both visual and mechanical classification of lamellae from Eucalyptus sp. clones (17 to 20 years old). The lamellae were prepared and evaluated according to Brazilian Standard ensuring uniformity and control of physical and mechanical properties. Furthermore, a correlation was established between the moduli of elasticity (MOE) obtained by the experimental method and by longitudinal and transverse vibration tests to obtain the MOEs, in order to accurately and quickly compare this type of test, obtaining satisfactory results compared to traditional mechanical tests. In the second chapter, after careful selection of the lamellae by MOE and visual inspection, the glulam beams were bonded using resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesive, resulting in structural elements joined by lamellae with greater strength and rigidity. The experimental design consisted of the production of 28 beams, 7 control beams (without reinforcement) and 21 reinforced beams. The latter were reinforced with natural fibers (sisal and jute) and synthetic fibers (fiberglass), which were glued in the critical tensile regions of the beams. For reinforcement, natural and synthetic fibers were bonded with AR 320 epoxy resin with AH 320 hardener, effective in bonding these materials. The reinforced beams were subjected to four-point bending tests to evaluate the MOE, stiffness, resistance to vertical displacement, and deformation. These tests provided important input for studies and classifications related to the MOE values of each beam tested, a significant property of composite beams. Statistical analysis of the experimental data supported the reliability of the results obtained. The results indicated that the application of sisal, jute, and fiberglass fibers as reinforcement significantly improved the stiffness and MOE of the glulam beams, demonstrating the effectiveness of non-destructive classification and analysis of Glulam beams, suggesting potential improvements to obtain properties in the reinforcement materials and production processes. Additionally, numerical modeling using the finite element method validated the beams' stiffness. The deflection errors found in the modeling reinforce and compare the mechanical test with potential improvements in the process or procedures to improve the production of reinforced beams for high-performance structural timber applications. Thus, this study highlights that rigorous classification of Eucalyptus sp. lamellae according to established standards, combined with appropriate epoxy resin bonding in fiber/resin matrices (natural and synthetic), significantly contributes to increased stiffness. This process, which involves reinforcement, gluing, and pressing, allows for the sustainable expansion of Glulam applications in advanced fiber-reinforced structural systems, demonstrating increased stiffness in structural beams.
- ItemImpacto de espaços verdes urbanos no bem estar e conforto térmico de pedestres: avaliação qualitativa integrada com termografia(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-11-10) Silva, Luciélia Lacerda da ; Fiedler, Nilton César; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4376-3660; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8699171075880935; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6994-4734; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5021734565362966; Botrel, Rejane Tavares; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9908-1450; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0699071467349993; Miyajima, Ricardo Hideaki ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6200-0060; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1812496049170578; Carmo, Flávio Cipriano de Assis do; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9956-5295; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4344001243399165; Moura, Cristiane Coelho de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6743-8638; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8485099797100386This study aimed to investigate the influence of urban green spaces on well-being and thermal comfort. The range of surface and air temperatures, as well as thermal comfort, were analyzed in wooded and non-wooded scenarios. Furthermore, it sought to evaluate the possibility of estimating the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index from surface temperature, as well as visualizing future climate change scenarios. The methodology included defining typical winter days, characterizing the sociodemographic profile of pedestrians, and assessing well-being using a scale of positive and negative affects associated with the Momentary Ecological Assessment method. Surface temperature was obtained by aerial survey with a thermal sensor at three times (6 am, 12 pm, and 4 pm) in wooded and non-wooded areas of central streets in the municipality of Jerônimo Monteiro (ES). Simultaneously, two thermal stress meters recorded data every five minutes, under shaded and sunny conditions, between 6 am and 4 pm. For the climate change analysis, the positive (RCP 4.5) and negative (RCP 8.5) scenarios were considered for the period from 2071 to 2100. The thermal comfort analysis followed Regulatory Standard No. 15 and Occupational Hygiene Standard No. 06, using multiple linear regression models and the Random Forest machine learning algorithm. The results indicated that well-being, assessed by the average of affects, did not differ significantly between times of day or between wooded and non-wooded areas. However, a more pronounced polarization between positive and negative affects was observed in the non-wooded scenario. In general, positive emotions predominated, especially "attentive," "determined," and "alert," while "guilty," "hostile," and "terrified" were rarely mentioned. Wooded areas showed a greater thermal amplitude, reaching 13.46 °C between shade and sun conditions, confirming their importance in regulating the urban microclimate. The WBGT index could be estimated from surface temperature: in multiple linear regression, the adjusted R² ranged from 0.238 to 0.962, while in Random Forest it reached 0.835 in wooded areas and 0.890 in non-wooded areas. Multiple linear regression presented limitations, requiring segmentation by hourly periods and separation between shade and sun to meet statistical assumptions. Air temperature modeling via multiple linear regression showed fit only for the non-wooded scenario (adjusted R² between 0.844 and 0.985). With Random Forest, the adjusted R² ranged from 0.800 to 0.949 between scenarios. Thus, it was possible to spatially represent, with high resolution (1 m²), the positive and negative climate change scenarios in the studied areas. Climate projections showed that maximum temperatures, in both scenarios, will occur at 4 PM. In the wooded area, the estimated maximum temperatures ranged from 27.30 to 34.62 °C in RCP 4.5 and from 29.73 to 37.05 °C in RCP 8.5. In the non wooded area, the maximum temperatures were also concentrated at 4 PM, ranging from 23.09 to 26.40 °C (RCP 4.5) and from 26.95 to 30.26 °C (RCP 8.5).
- ItemNew insights on the use of agroindustrial waste from fruit processing for the production of briquettes for food smoking(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-28) Delatorre, Fabíola Martins; Saloni, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-080X; Perré, Giana Estela de Andrade Almeida; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0086500094340919; Dias Júnior, Ananias Francisco; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9974-0567; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2428652077952117; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1573-8353; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9605907768785175; Lucia, Suzana Maria Della; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0322-7684; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8734982167185652 ; Silva, Yuri Ferreira da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2481-0695; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2236086098367864; Silva, Álison Moreira da; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3671-928X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9748209517542126The impacts of agro-industrial residues from Citrus sinensis, Passiflora edulis and Vitis vinifera on the quality of briquettes used as solid fuel for smoking food are not fully understood, specifically with regard to residues from the peels of these fruits. In addition, this research presents new information on the presence of chemical compounds. Aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, ketones and furans, in agro-industrial residues that can influence the sensory profile and efficiency of the smoking process. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate the properties of agro-industrial residues and the briquettes produced from them, evaluating their potential and viability for use in the food smoking process. Mixtures of Citrus sinensis, Passiflora edulis and Vitis vinifera and charcoal fines were analyzed and subsequently compacted in a briquetting machine at a temperature of 80°C and a pressure of 500 psi for five minutes. The physical, chemical and thermal properties of the agro-industrial waste were analyzed and the occurrence of organic compounds responsible for the emissions of these biomasses was determined by Gas Chromatography-MS (GC-MS) analysis, while the thermal characteristics were evaluated by Thermogravimetry (TGA) and the characterization of chemical bonds was obtained by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The produced briquettes were evaluated for their physical, chemical, mechanical, energetic, and thermal properties. In addition, morphological analysis was performed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The addition of charcoal fines decreased the pH, increased the energy density and improved the thermal stability of the briquettes. The briquettes with the best potential were those produced with Vitis vinifera, presenting higher lignin content (27.62%), low ash content (3.5%), low volumetric expansion (1.39%), high mechanical strength (186 kgf), high energy density (5.68 Gcal.m–3) and combustibility index (0.42). Aromatic hydrocarbons were the most representative compounds in all biomasses evaluated, followed by phenols, ketones and furans. In short, agro-industrial waste, specifically from Vitis vinifera, can be a sustainable strategy for the production of briquettes intended for food smoking.