O trabalho em grupo com adolescentes na Unidade de Saúde da Família: estratégia de promoção do desenvolvimento e ampliação da rede de apoio
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Data
2023-09-29
Autores
Anna, Elisara Licia Sant
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The Family Health Unit organizes healthcare services and reorients professional practices based on promoting the quality of life of the population, constituting an innovative proposal with technical, political, and administrative dimensions. These healthcare spaces should offer specific actions for adolescents, considering their demands and addressing issues beyond biological and behavioral risks. These changes in adolescent care require health promotion actions that: recognize adolescents as individuals in development within ever-changing social contexts; have the availability of human resources; involve a welcoming environment; promote the building of relationships and provide open dialogue with healthcare professionals. It is also observed that the Family Health Unit can be part of the social support network for adolescents by strengthening protective factors and minimizing their vulnerabilities. This study aimed to describe the role of an ongoing intervention project with adolescents developed at the Family Health Unit in strengthening the healthcare space as a support network for this audience and assess the contribution of this participation in the adolescents' life trajectories. In order to achieve the proposed objective, the research used a descriptive qualitative methodology based on listening to the participants' experiences. The research consisted of two groups of participants. The first group consisted of 30 young individuals who were involved in the project as adolescents from 2007 to 2019. The second group was composed of 7 professionals who were part of the team leading the adolescent intervention project. After invitations were extended, semi-structured interviews were individually conducted in person at the Family Health Unit with the participants who were part of the adolescent group. Interviews with professionals were conducted in a group format in person at the Family Health Unit. The collected data were qualitatively analyzed using a systematic content analysis method. Initially, a pre-analysis of the interview material with the participants from the first group was conducted. The contents were considered to address the research objectives. Categories were organized by grouping and synthesizing the following content: significant aspects and motivation regarding the group; most remembered topics and dynamics; group relationships; acquisitions: knowledge and personal transformations; participation in the group and its repercussions in other contexts; and assessments of the group. The analysis of the professionals' interviews occurred after organizing the interviews with the young participants. Thus, patterns were sought for groupings and the development of categories for professional interviews, complementing aspects identified by the adolescents. At the end of the analysis, the following categories were developed: The group as a space for listening and support; The group as a space for recognizing vulnerabilities; The group as a space for approaching the Family Health Unit. The main results indicated that the Family Health Unit promoted the development of competencies in adolescents and in their life trajectories. To achieve this development, the importance of group planning was highlighted, including the selection of topics that pique adolescents' interest, engagement-promoting dynamics, listening by professionals, meeting regularity, the number of participants, and peer education. It was also observed that the group facilitated an approach of adolescents to the Family Health Unit's services, contributing to it being a supportive space for adolescents to deal with vulnerabilities in their living context. In conclusion, this study has built a theoretical foundation to support health promotion proposals aimed at the adolescent population.
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Palavras-chave
Unidade de Saúde da Família , Adolescentes , Rede de apoio