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- ItemUma metodologia para a construção de árvore solar inspirada em Fibonacci a fim de maximizar a geração de energia por área de instalação(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-07-21) Grassi, Larissa Bonadiman; Paiva, Marcia Helena Moreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7314-6129; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8026444214173343; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6957986437536071; Rocha, Helder Roberto de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/000000016215664X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8801325729735529; Co, Marcio Almeida; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6026-0125; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9674164201696461Solar trees, three-dimensional structures that imitate nature, with trunks, branches, and photovoltaic leaves, are a way of verticalizing the generation of solar energy. This type of vertical structure is increasingly becoming a trend in the field of renewable energies, especially solar energy since it allows for generating more energy using less space when compared to conventional solar plants, which are arranged in a horizontal plane. However, in solar trees, there is a loss in light capture, as the upper leaves block part of the incident light on the lower leaves. To minimize these losses, mathematical techniques inspired by natural trees are studied, such as the Fibonacci technique, which interferes with the angle between the leaves and their distance from the center of the tree. In particular, in the Fibonacci tree, the average annual solar incidence, measured in kWh, depends on several factors, including height, leaf area, number of leaves, and projection radius. In this study, the behavior of the Fibonacci tree was analyzed concerning its constructive variables and a methodology was proposed to obtain an annual average solar incidence equation as a function of these variables. For this, the process of computational simulation of the incidence concerning the factors was automated, allowing the obtaining of a large volume of data that helps in the interested party’s decision-making according to his criteria.
- ItemPadrões de distribuição e endemismo da espécie Criticamente Ameaçada, Trichogenes claviger (Siluriformes, Trichomycteridae, Trichogeninae)(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-09-27) Silva, Juliana Paulo da; Soares Filho, Luisa Maria Sarmento; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-1794; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5100696102233268; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5583-1958; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0841651375428105; Rodrigues, Ana Carolina Loss; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-8555; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8415444657040950; Silva, André Teixeira da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4910-1051; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3222826965941940This study presents for the first time the use of environmental DNA (eDNA) for detection of an endangered fish species in Brazil. Trichogenes claviger occurs in first and second order forested streams only in the headwaters of the Itapemirim basin. Until then, the species was known only from two locations mountain regions, in the sub-basin of the Picada Comprida stream, a source of the Caxixe river. The study aimed to determine whether the eDNA metabarcoding approach works as an adequate tool to assess the presence of the species. Though, a 12S marker was created, specific for the T. claviger species. We found evidence of the catfish presence through eDNA samples in three of the ten sites sampled. In addition to the target species of this study, it was possible to collect traces of non-target species detected in the water samples. 25 species of vertebrates were identified, of which 15 were fish, 5 mammals and 5 birds. Among these records, we highlight the presence of exotic fish species, such as the tilapia Coptodon rendalli and Oreochromis niloticus, and the species of bird, Scytalopus speluncae, which is in Danger (EN) on the state list of Espírito Santo. Comparison between the methods for estimating species composition per sampled stream demonstrates that the eDNA metabarcoding approach identified more than twice as many stream species previously detected by traditional collection methods, which used fishing gear such as nets and sieves. The results achieved ensure a better understanding of the spatial distribution dynamics of T. claviger, its conservation status, as well as insights into the vertebrate community associated with catfish environments.
- ItemDesenvolvimento farmacotécnico e pesquisa da atividade antimicrobiana de emulsão baseada em poloxâmero 407 contendo associação de óleos essenciais de Origanum vulgare e Thymus vulgaris(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-04-04) Guimarães, Nayhara Madeira; Konishi, Janaina Cecilia Oliveira Villanova; https://orcid.org/0000000161661724; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4226187656439843; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9286-3238; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5416836593345042; Andrade, Gracielle Ferreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9038-1254; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9137739604308170; Menini, Luciano; https://orcid.org/0000000336565428; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2646344913961349Bovine mastitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease that affects the mammary glands of animals, triggered by various factors, including microbial infections. Staphylococcus aureus is the primary microorganism found in clinical isolates of thedisease or in the milk and derivatives of infected animals. The objective of this study was to develop and investigate the preliminary stability of an emulsion based onpoloxamer 407, containing a combination of oregano (OEO) and thyme (OET) essential oils, aiming to obtain antimicrobial activity against microorganisms responsible for bovine mastitis. Initially, the bioactive compounds present in the essential oils were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Subsequently, cold emulsions were prepared, containing the essential oils associated in a ratio of 89:11 (OEO:OET) at concentrations of 2.5, 3.5, 5, and 10% w/w. The preliminary stability of the emulsions was studied, as well as the in vitro antimicrobial activity against standard strains of S. aureus and Escherichia coli. Based on the results of the antimicrobial activity, the best concentration for further study was selected. The selected formulation (F4; containing 10% w/w of the essential oils) was prepared usingan aseptic process to obtain a sterile product. Subsequently, the sterility of the formulation was investigated, as well as the in vitro antimicrobial activity against clinical strains of S. aureus, both sensitive and resistant to synthetic antimicrobials, collected from mastitis-infected animals. Samples of the base formulations (FB) and F4, stored under different conditions (room temperature, 25 ± 2°C; incubator, 37 ± 2°C; refrigeration, 6 ± 2°C) for 35 days, were subjected to characterization tests and preliminary stability evaluation. The ability of the formulation to form a film was also investigated. The aseptic process proved to be suitable for preparing the emulsions, which remained sterile. Formulation F4 inhibited the growth of all challenged clinical strains. The emulsions maintained their characteristic appearance, with no changes observed among the different storage conditions and at 0 and 35 days. The type of emulsion formed was determined to be O/W, and the emulsion formation was confirmed by the presence of droplets of one phase dispersed in the other. None of the samples showed changes in physical parameters after preparation and after 35 days when subjected to stress tests. There was a reduction in pH in the formulations kept under different temperature conditions after 35 days. Different storage conditions and time influenced the texture parameters investigated in the samples. Water loss from FB and F4 formulations was approximately 25%. When deposited on a slide, the formulations formed a smooth, glossy, thin, and transparent film that dried completely after 60 minutes. Confocal microscopy images of the films showed the existence of regions with organized crystalline material, typical of poloxamers. Based on the results, it can be inferred that it was possible to produce a sterile emulsion based on poloxamer407 containing oregano and thyme essential oils associated at a concentration of 10% w/w, which demonstrated effectiveness in inhibiting standard and clinical strains of S. aureus isolated from bovine mastitis, both sensitive and resistant to synthetic antimicrobials. The formulation was considered stable, with no need for further pharmaceutic redevelopment.
- ItemA aplicação da probatio levior em matéria de prova diabólica(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-08-15) Rodrigues, Sandro Bortoluzzi Madeira Lamêgo; Silvestre, Gilberto Fachetti; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3604-7348; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7148335865348409; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4383-5003; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3709611676810166; Bufulin, Augusto Passamani; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3108-4932; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8550788333713502; Rodrigues, Marco Antonio dos Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5220-4481; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8860807588924441; Siqueira, Thiago Ferreira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1377110680976833The dissertation analyzes the formation of the judgment of fact through the production of evidence, focusing on the repercussion of insufficient evidence to the process. Its purpose is to analyze situations in which the parties are subjected to a case of probatio diabolica or devil’s proof. It departs from the premise that the judgment of the dispute based on the burden of proof rule (in its objective aspect) is not a satisfactory jurisdictional response, if the evidentiary insufficiency arises from the presence of diabolical proof imposed on both parties. It outlines as a problem to be answered whether there would be a judge's duty to correct the difficulties arising from the presence of diabolical proof in the process. It develops the hypothesis that there is an inherent duty to the jurisdictional function to correct the difficulties of evidentiary instruction when diabolical proof is present, reducing the evidentiary rigor for the formation of its conviction, from the application of the probatio levior. Objective: Its general objective is to analyze the main ways of coping with the diabolical proof already provided by the law or accepted by the legal literature. It has the specific objectives of characterizing the diabolical proof and its hypotheses of occurrence; determine the legal nature of probatio levior and its scope of application; and to investigate cases of application of probatio levior as a way of facing the diabolical proof in brazilian Law. Methodology: the research is developed through a qualitative approach, from the reading of the collected bibliographical and documentary material, constituted by the existing legal literature on the researched topic, including books, theses, dissertations and scientific articles. It proceeds to search and read foreign bibliographic material — in particular, Portuguese, Italian, German, Spanish, Argentinean, North American and French legal literature —, as it is the primary source of discussion regarding various points of the research, as well as in reason of the scarcity of Brazilian works that promoted an analysis of probatio levior. It also conducts case analyzes, aiming to verify exemplary cases of judicial decisions in which the probatio levior technique was applied, even without its express recognition and mention. The research is developed through the deductive method, as it proves to be more suitable for achieving the proposed objective. Results: It was found that the legal system must have a satisfactory response to the pathology created by the diabolical proof in the process, since the evidentiary activity is also developed in the interest of the State and the jurisdiction. It confirms the established hypothesis, recognizing the existence of a duty imposed on the court to reduce the standard for the decision. Based on the observed problem — difficulties arising from the existence of diabolical proof in the process —, the need to apply an existing legal technique as a way of confronting it was recognized, through the elaboration of a theoretical model regarding the application of probatio levior. Contributions: the work stands out scientifically for systematizing the few existing sources on probatio levior, elaborating a propositional and pragmatic thesis, redefining the importance of the matter. In the practical aspect, it solves a procedural problem arising from the existence of diabolical proof, recognizing the duty to apply the probatio levior as a corollary of the inalienability of the jurisdiction. From the social point of view, it allows for satisfactory protection of rights to be given to those under jurisdiction, avoiding the rendering of decisions based on mere judgment based on the burden of proof.
- ItemTolerância a seca e resistência a murcha bacteriana (Ralstonia solanacearum): aspectos moleculares e fisiológicos em plantas hospedeiras(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-08-29) Cabral, Rafael Lara Rezende; Xavier, André da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000292510301; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5661020509713522; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6535-3809; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3639396604668379; Ferreira, Adesio; https://orcid.org/0000000270001725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5400370038397801; Maciel, Laiane Silva; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9712-0809; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4035727553482902Plants are sessile organisms and often face a wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses, including pathogens, pests and climate change. These factors can have a considerable impact on the productivity of plant species, particularly those of economic importance. In order to improve crop resistance to these stresses, it is essential to understand plant response strategies. Genes that encode transcription factors (TFs) participate directly in the regulation of environmental conditions and pathogen pressure. In this study, we investigated the molecular and biochemical interactions between the biotic stress response pathways of bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) and the abiotic stress of water deficit, using tobacco and tomato plants. To understand whether TF MYB (NbPHAN gene) associated with drought tolerance in Nicotiana benthamiana would also influence bacterial wilt resistance, we used TRV (Tobacco rattle virus) vectors for gene silencing by VIGS (virus-induced post- transcriptional silencing), developing a pathosystem in tobacco plants. The results revealed correlations between the response pathways to these stresses, indicating complex interactions between biotic and abiotic stresses. The silencing of the NbPHAN gene in tobacco plants negatively affected bacterial wilt and drought resistance. Similarly, contrasting tomato genotypes for resistance to R. solanacearum were subjected to drought by treatment with polyethylene glycol (PEG) nutrient solution. Our data showed that water deficit reduced growth, photosynthetic activity and water-to-biomass conversion efficiency in both varieties. It was observed that the effects on rearrangement of root architecture, on biomass production and on photosynthetic characteristics were analogous to other pathosystems with use of resistant genotype. However, despite similarities in responses, no direct associations were found between bacterial wilt resistance and drought tolerance. These results highlight the complexity of interactions between abiotic and biotic stresses in plants and provide important insights for the development of crops that are more resistant to multiple stresses. Future studies in this sense are essential for a deeper understanding of these processes.