Avaliação Do Efeito Da Cobrança Pelo Uso Dos Recursos Hídricos Sobre A Eficiência Dos Serviços De Abastecimento De Água E Esgotamento Sanitário Em Municípios Brasileiros No Ano De 2020
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Data
2024-01-31
Autores
Paula, André Antônio Horta de
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Law No. 14.026/2020 updated the basic sanitation legal framework of Brazil by introducing goals for the universalization of water and sewage services until 2033, in addition to providing for greater integration with the National Policy on Water Resources established by Law No. 9.433/1997. Given this context and considering the potentially positive influence that charging for the use of water resources may have on the efficiency of water and sewage services, this work used Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to assess the efficiency of water and sewage operators in municipalities of states where there is already charging for the use of water. For such task, DEA was ran using data from SNIS (Brazilian National Water and Sanitation Data System) regarding input deemed as critical for water and sewage services and output correlated with the expansion of such services. The efficiency score obtained for each municipality was then used as the dependent variable in a Tobit Model Regression, which used, as independent variables, data regarding charging for the use of water and associated water management tools in the hydrographic basins where those municipalities are located, as well as control variables regarding geographical and socio-economic conditions of such municipalities. After checking that the regression met the assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity of the error terms (by running the Shapiro-Wilk test and the Breusch-Pagan test, respectively) and that there was no seemingly relevant multicollinearity between the independent variables (as suggested by the Variation Inflation Factor – VIF estimated for each), this study proceeded to assess the impact of charging for the use of water on the efficiency of water and sewage services. To this purpose, besides analyzing the parameters generated by the model, this work ran Likelihood-ratio tests and calculated the Pearson Correlation Coefficient between the scores generated by the DEA and the ones estimated by the regression. As results suggest that charging for the use of water does not have significant impact on the efficiency of water and sewage services, this study concludes by presenting guidelines for the improvement of Brazilian water management – and charging for the use of water, in particular – to make water and sewage services more efficient and therefore provide earlier achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goal No. 6 (ESG 6).
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Eficiência , recursos hídricos , recursos hídricos , saneamento básico , saneamento básico