Mestrado em Ciências Veterinárias
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2008
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (PORTARIA 609 de 14 de março de 2019) Publicado no D.O.U - 18/03/2019
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Ciências Veterinárias
Url do curso: https://cienciasveterinarias.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGCV/detalhes-do-curso?id=1451
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- ItemEfeitos sedativos e hemodinâmicos da administração intranasal e intravenosa da nalbufina, buprenorfina e acepromazina em cães(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-24) Oliveira, Paula da Rocha; Barbosa, Breno Curty ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4171-7000; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4063131399526035; Trivilin, Leonardo Oliveira ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3039-3269; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5723897284006298; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5166-509X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2193248116733082; Cruz, Igor Cezar Kniphoff da ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0615-9990; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9546223095972612; Coelho, Nathália das Graças Dorneles ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2542-0103; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1406240305764857The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the sedative effect and hemodynamic changes produced by intranasal (IN) and intravenous (IV) administration of nalbuphine (NALB) and buprenorphine (BUPRE), used alone or associated with acepromazine (ACP) in dogs. Seven healthy dogs (6 females and 1 male) with an average weight of 16.57 kg (±4.7), average age of 4.5 years (±1.05) were included and submitted to a before-and-after clinical trial, where each animal was its own control, with a seven-day washout between one administration and another of the experimental protocols. Each animal received intranasally: ACP 0.1 mg/kg; NALB 0.75 mg/kg; BUPRE 20 µg/kg; NALB 0.75 mg/kg + ACP 0.02 mg/kg; BUPRE 10 µg/Kg + ACP 0.02 mg/Kg; while intravenously: ACP 0.02 mg/Kg; NALB 0.5 mg/Kg; BUPRE 20 µg/Kg; NALB 0.5 mg/Kg + ACP 0.02 mg/Kg; BUPRE 10 µg/Kg + ACP 0.02 mg/Kg. Heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (f), systolic blood pressure (SBP), rectal temperature (RT), blood glucose, degree of sedation and electrocardiogram (ECG) were evaluated before drug administration (baseline) and after at different time intervals (T0), (T05), (T15), (T25), (T35), (T45) and (T60). In relation to baseline, after IN administration, significant changes were: increased HR at T0 and T05 with ACP, reduced at T35 with NALB and at T45 and T60 with NALB+ACP; reduced SBP from T15 to T60 with ACP, from T05 to T60 with BUPRE and from T25 to T60 with BUPRE+ACP; reduced f from T25 to T60 with ACP and reduced at T35 with BUPRE; reduced TR from T35 to T60 in all protocols; increased blood glucose at T60 with NALB and BUPRE+ACP. After IV administration, significant changes in relation to baseline were: reduced HR and SBP at a given evaluation time with all protocols used; increased f from T05 to T45 with BUPRE and at T05 with NALB; increased blood glucose at T60 with ACP and BUPRE+ACP. Moderate sedation was observed from T05 until T60 for all protocols and routes used. By the IN route, sedation by ACP stood out significantly in relation to NALB and BUPRE, while these isolated drugs produced greater sedation in relation to their respective combinations with ACP. By the IV route, ACP promoted greater sedation than BUPRE at T15 and T25, while the combinations stood out significantly in relation to the isolated drugs. Tachypnea, vocalization and sialorrhea were observed in the BUPRE and BUPRE+ACP protocols (IN and IV routes), nasal secretion and salivation with NALB (IN and IV routes), and myoclonus with ACP (IN and IV routes) and BUPRE IN. With the use of BUPRE (IN and IV routes), loose stools and loss of appetite were observed afterwards. The ECG results indicated an increase after IN administration of BUPRE and ACP alone in the duration of the P and T waves, respectively, when compared to the IV route. The BUPRE protocol in the duration of the T wave and QT interval was superior in the IV route; BUPRE+ACP observed an increase in the PR and QT intervals. NALB+ACP showed an increase in the duration of the QT interval by the IV route in relation to the IN route. The two groups (IN and IV) presented a similar prevalence of arrhythmias (90%), with sinus bradyarrhythmia being the most frequent, and no incidence of atrioventricular blocks was observed in this study. It was generally concluded that isolated buprenorphine presented greater adverse and physiological effects, but its combination resulted in similar sedation in both routes with satisfactory sedative results and with few physiological effects observed. Regarding the electrical activity of the heart, administration by the IN route presented more stable values in the cardiac variables when compared to the IV route, demonstrating to be an alternative with great potential in the veterinary routine
- ItemAnálise epidemiológica de doenças de notificação obrigatória em animais de produção no Espírito Santo no período de 2012 a 2023(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-08-07) Peruzzo, Gabriela Ponath; Donatele, Dirlei Molinari; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3355-5377; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5785667334058207; Carvalho Neto, José de Oliveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3519418944409263; Martins, Isabella Vilhena Freire; Vieira, Luiz Fernando PereiraThe health of production animals is crucial for ensuring food security, protecting public health, and driving economic growth. This study evaluated the epidemiological aspects of major notifiable diseases in production animals in Espírito Santo from 2012 to 2023, through the compilation of notifications, identification of behavioral patterns, geographic distribution, and risk factors associated with these diseases. Data were obtained from the Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal do Espírito Santo (Idaf), covering 48 diseases and various animal species, including cattle, horses, pigs, poultry, bees, and sheep. These data were organized by disease type, number of affected animals, species, municipality, and notification date. For the diseases of rabies, equine infectious anemia (EIA), bovine tuberculosis, bovine brucellosis, and glanders, geographic distribution analysis, regression analysis, and scatter plots were conducted. Spatial distribution analysis was performed using QGIS software, utilizing geographic databases from IBGE. Statistical analysis involved regression analysis and scatter plots examining disease behavior over time using GENES software, with application of the T-test (p<0.05). For rabies, geographic coordinates available for the period from 2020 to 2023 were used to create hypsometric and land cover maps. Additionally, Spearman correlation analysis (p<0.05) was performed to correlate positive cases with the altitude of notifications and the percentage of pastures in positive municipalities. An epidemiological questionnaire was also administered to producers with reported positive cases of rabies and to those without rabies occurrences. Among the findings, enzootic pneumonia, circovirus in pigs, equine infectious anemia, tuberculosis, and rabies in cattle emerged as the most frequently reported diseases. New diseases were identified in the state, such as West Nile fever in horses, European foulbrood and the small hive beetle in bees, and highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry. Temporal analysis revealed a decrease in notifications over the years, except for rabies, which exhibited cyclic occurrence. Spatial analysis of rabies showed a strong negative correlation between altitude and rabies cases, indicating that positive notifications of rabies occurred at lower altitudes. Significant risk factors for rabies occurrence in cattle included properties with the presence of mountainous structures nearby and observations of cattle depredation. In conclusion, it can be stated that the study provided a detailed analysis of the main reportable diseases in livestock in Espírito Santo, highlighting the importance of epidemiological monitoring for both animal and human health. Furthermore, new health diseases notifications and specific geographic patterns were identified, underscoring the need for targeted control strategies based on environmental and risk factors.
- ItemPrevenção da mastite bovina: intervenção extensionista no contexto da saúde única junto aos produtores de leite da região do Caparaó-ES(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-26) Lacerda, Enrico Mariano Fioresi; Resende, Juliana Alves; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5476-3754; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8223821041049149; Donatele, Dirlei Molinari; Ignacchiti, Mariana Drummond CostaBovine mastitis is the most prevalent disease in dairy herds, leading to significant economic losses due to reduced milk production and increased treatment costs. It affects animal health and compromises milk quality. Given these concerns, the present study aimed to assess the prevalence of mastitis in the Caparaó-ES region by identifying risk factors associated with its occurrence, determining the main etiological agents, and evaluating antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, while also proposing strategies for its prevention and control. To achieve this, a diagnostic questionnaire on Good Production Practices was administered in ten dairy farms, and the Dark Bottom Cup Test and California Mastitis Test (CMT) were conducted to screen for clinical and subclinical mastitis. Bulk tank milk samples were collected for compositional analysis, detection of antimicrobial residues, somatic cell count (SCC), standard plate count (SPC), and psychrotrophic bacterial count (PBC). Milk composition was analyzed using infrared spectroscopy, while SCC and antimicrobial residues were assessed with commercial test kits. Milk samples from infected quarters were cultured on selective media for bacterial growth, subjected to biochemical tests for species differentiation, and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The results indicated that most farms were associated with cooperatives and used bulk tanks for milk storage; however, they faced challenges in mastitis management and milk quality. Although all farms performed pre dipping, 30% did not implement post-dipping, and proper segregation of infected animals was lacking in 30% of the farms. Veterinary assistance was limited, with 40% of farms lacking specialized support, and water quality was a critical concern, as some farms showed microbial contamination. High SCC levels were observed in 60% of samples, and deviations in pH, non-fat solids, and density parameters indicated compromised milk quality, exacerbated by high bacterial counts, particularly mesophilic and psychrotrophic bacteria. The presence of antimicrobial residues was detected in 20% of the properties, with residues identified in the tank milk samples, posing a risk for antimicrobial resistance. Subclinical mastitis was more prevalent (44.2%) than clinical mastitis (1.8%), with farm-level prevalence varying significantly (up to 77.8%), and lower rates observed in farms with stricter hygiene and milking control practices. The most frequently isolated pathogens were Staphylococcus spp. (83%), Corynebacterium spp. (8,5%), and Enterobacterales (7,3%), with variations in antimicrobial susceptibility. High sensitivity was observed for gentamicin, florfenicol, and enrofloxacin, whereas aztreonam and ceftazidime showed higher resistance rates. These findings emphasize the necessity of preventive measures, such as stringent hygiene protocols, continuous monitoring, and prudent antimicrobial use, to mitigate the impact of mastitis on dairy production and One Health.
- ItemFauna malacológica dulcícola e identificação de larvas de trematódeos em região endêmica para fasciolose no sul do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-02-19) Pereira, Poliana Demuner; Martins, Isabella Vilhena Freire ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8700-3065; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6446528818006897; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9320-7603; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3435589395448060; Pinto, Hudson Alves; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5519-1348; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4751699050350958; Boeloni, Jankerle Neves ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0049-6854; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7669632202047727The digenetic trematode Fasciola hepatica is a parasite with the potential to cause significant losses in ruminant herds, also presenting a high zoonotic potential with aquatic snails being intermedial hosts. This study aimed to recognize the malacological fauna and identify trematodes larval types in endemic areas for fasciolosis in the southern region of Espírito Santo, as well as to correlate determining factors for the occurrence of the disease. The analysis of properties with a history of fasciolosis was conducted by collecting data from the Parasitology Laboratory of UFES, covering the period from 2020 to 2022. A visit was made to 10 properties, where all aquatic snails present were collected and identified. For the recovery of cercariae in the laboratory, snails were tested every 10 days for 4 hours using photo-stimulation. The identification of cercariae was based on morphological characteristics, and there was also histological processing of positive snails for the visualization of other larval forms. Ten properties were identified as positive for the presence of F. hepatica. The species of snails found in the region were P. columella, B. glabrata, M. tuberculata, and S. marmorata. The types of cercariae emerging from the snails were xiphidiocercariae and echinostomes, with no cercariae of Fasciola found. During histological analysis, a large number of sporocysts were observed in the tissues of P. columella individuals, as well as internal structures similar to cercariae in the vesicles. In the multivariate analysis, it was found that the factors that most influenced the results were the number of examinations carried out on the properties and the number of animals diagnosed as positive for fasciolosis. The data indicate that geographic distribution, property characteristics, and the presence of snails play a significant role in the dissemination of cercariae in the hydrographic network
- ItemAnálise espaço-temporal de fasciolose em ruminantes no estado do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-21) Pinheiro, Pedro Clemente Pereira; Martins, Isabella Vilhena Freire; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8700-3065; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6446528818006897; Donatele, Dirlei Molinari; Carneiro, Milena BatistaFasciolosis is caused by the fluke Fasciola hepatica, which has a worldwide distribution and affects the bile ducts and liver parenchyma of several species of mammals, especially ruminants, and humans, configuring the disease as a zoonosis and generating a risk to global public health. In Brazil, the disease is considered endemic to some regions, mainly the South and Southeast, with emphasis on high rates in ruminants in the state of Espírito Santo. In this sense, the present study aimed to carry out a spatio-temporal analysis of fasciolosis in ruminants in the state of Espírito Santo, from 2018 to 2023, based on slaughter maps carried out by the State Inspection Service (SIE) and Federal Inspection Service (SIF). The data used to carry it out were obtained from nosographic maps referring to slaughterhouses located in municipalities in the state. For statistics, linear regression analysis was carried out regarding the slaughterhouses submitted to the SIE. To carry out the spatial distribution of notifications of fasciolosis in ruminants for each refrigerated slaughterhouse applied, they were represented in the preparation of maps by the QGIS 3.28.1 program, using data from geographic bases made available by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The average annual frequencies of bovine fasciolosis for animals slaughtered under SIF for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023 were 0.5%, 0.9%, and 0.93%, respectively, with an average frequency of 0.829%. For slaughterhouses under the responsibility of SIE, 36,856 cattle were slaughtered between 2018 and 2023, representing a frequency of 5.53% of fasciolosis. Considering the animals slaughtered for both SIF and SIE, between 2018 and 2023, of the 887,399 cattle slaughtered, 38,689 had a positive diagnosis for the disease, representing a frequency of 4.35%. In an analysis from 2006 to 2023, a slaughterhouse in the South region presented an average frequency of 19.65% of fasciolosis in cattle. High rates of the disease were recorded for buffalo slaughter, reaching frequencies of 66.66% and 59.64%, for the years 2022 and 2023, respectively, in a slaughterhouse in the south of the state, which also occurred with sheep in 2023, with a frequency of 18.18%. There was no slaughter of goats during the study period. The study concluded that the state of Espírito Santo demonstrates a high frequency of fasciolosis in ruminants, with the South region standing out with the highest frequency rates in slaughtered cattle, buffaloes and sheep, reinforcing the need for control measures for the disease in the region, minimizing the risks to public health as a consequence