Perfil produtivo e endoparasitário da bovinocultura leiteira do município de Alegre–ES: uma análise multivariada
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Data
2025-07-09
Autores
Almeida, Rafael Assis Torres de
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Despite ongoing evolution in milk production, it's crucial to acknowledge potential obstacles that could adversely impact profitability if not properly identified and addressed. This study aimed to assess production profiles and endoparasite prevalence in dairy herds in Alegre, ES, using multivariate analysis. Research was conducted on local farms using surveys and fecal samples from cattle. Descriptive statistics and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to identify the main factors influencing dairy farming in the region.Findings revealed that 79% of farms employed family labour, 46% received technical support, and 82% of producers resided on site. Farms averaged 44 hectares with approximately 50 predominantly Girolando breed cattle. Average daily production was 96 litres per farm and 7.1 litres per animal. Seventy percent practised rotational grazing, with milk chilled in communal (46%) or individual (50%) tanks. Health management was robust, with vaccination rates exceeding 93% for rabies, clostridiosis, and brucellosis. Bovine parasitic diseases, notably helminthiases (27%), were prevalent. Cypermethrin (42%) and levamisole (73%) were commonly used for parasite control. Natural mating predominated for reproductive management (33%), often combined with biotechnologies (50%). Endoparasite prevalence analysis from 97 adult mixed breed cattle showed helminthiases at 64%, varying by severity. Eggs of Strongylidea (77%), Trichuris sp. (6%), Moniezia sp. (13%), and Ascaridae (13%) were identified. Coccidiosis affected 74% of farms, particularly in young animals (68%), often co-occurring with helminth eggs (77.4%). Fasciola hepatica was found in 16.1% of farms. Multivariate analysis highlighted variables such as animal count, daily farm milk production, paddock numbers, milk yield per hectare, labour, farm size, EPG (eggs per gram), OOPG (oocysts per gram), and rainfall patterns. These findings underscore the importance of targeted policies and programs to bolster Alegre's dairy sector and enhance parasite management. Integrating traditional and modern practices, along with robust technical support and effective sanitary practices, is pivotal for
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Produção leiteira , Verminoses , Epidemiologia