Mestrado Profissional em Engenharia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável
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- ItemUtilização de cogeração de energia elétrica e térmica para melhorar a etapa de secagem do lodo de excesso de reator UASB(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-03-14) Zardo Junior, Orlando; Gonçalves, Ricardo Franci; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2048-9451; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9604327349698525; Campos, Rosane Hein de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8254-8069; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3005395964947888; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1490-2107; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3646856154282871; Mendonça, Neyson Martins; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8254-8069; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7534816053779593; Coelho, Edumar Ramos Cabral ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9220-5737; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2276795519317927The interdependence between water, energy, and food is central to sustainable development, especially in the face of challenges such as climate change and urbanization. This study assesses the cogeneration of electrical and thermal energy in a solar drying system for sludge from a UASB (Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket) anaerobic reactor, aiming for energy efficiency and economic feasibility. The research integrates an off-grid photovoltaic (PV) system with a solar greenhouse, analyzing the influence of temperature on heat and mass transfer during drying, in addition to economic indicators such as payback, IRR, and EROI. The methodology applied includes: 1) Solar drying – use of a chapel-type greenhouse, with resistive loads inside, coupled to a solar collector with a blower; 2) Economic indicators – calculation of payback, internal rate of return (IRR), and energy return on investment (EROI) to assess the profitability of the photovoltaic system; 3) Environmental analysis: quantification of the carbon emissions avoided by replacing fossil fuel sources with solar energy. The main results were: 1) Solar drying efficiency – average temperatures from 35°C to 67°C inside the greenhouse, with an 85% reduction in sludge volume; 2) Specific energy consumption of 1.55 kWh/kg of evaporated water, lower than thermal methods (between 1.77 and 2.86 kWh/kg); 3) Economic feasibility – payback of 6.15 years for the photovoltaic system, with an IRR of 12% per year and an EROI of 8.3, higher than the global average (between 6 and 8); 4) Avoided carbon: 5.36 tons of CO2 over 25 years; 5) Biosolid as a resource: total solids content >70%, suitable for agricultural use (CONAMA Class B); 6) 99.9% reduction in Escherichia coli load, ensuring sanitary safety. Conclusions: The integration of photovoltaic systems with solar drying proved to be technically and economically feasible, aligning with the principles of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 6 and the Brazilian National Solid Waste Policy (Law No. 12,305/2010).
- ItemA mariscagem nas áreas de preservação ambiental da cidade de Vitória-ES: contribuição para a gestão compartilhada dos resíduos(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-12-20) Gava, Martina Raphael; Caser, Karla do Carmo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8822-1793; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4591480447257505; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4014-7652; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1298576212485923 ; Ferreira, Gilton Luís; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3201-0380; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3133702770099083; Souza, Jonio Ferreira de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8766-2300; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2935785128835895Shellfish farming is understood as a fishing activity carried out by traditional communities with great importance in financial, food and cultural support. However, this generates negative impacts due to the accumulation of waste disposed in inappropriate locations after the mollusc processing process, which generates shells as the main waste. Associated with the importance of the activity, the need to mitigate these negative effects motivated several studies on the use of this waste and several authors verified the feasibility of using it in different areas of production. In the city of Vitória-ES, the sururu shellfishing activity is carried out on the rocky coastal shores inserted in the conservation units Environmental Protection Area (APA) Baía das Tartarugas and Estação Ecológica Municipal Ilha do Lameirão, in addition to the mangrove ecosystem, which covers 18 km2 of the municipality’s territorial space. As in other places where shellfishing takes place, the municipality also faces problems related to the inadequate disposal of waste resulting from this practice. This work's main objective is to study sururu seafood in environmental preservation areas in the city of Vitória, with the aim of offering subsidies for shared waste management through its use. To track and analyze the complex relationships that involve the inadequate disposal of waste arising from this activity, the research was based on Bruno Latour's Actor-Network Theory, identifying the actors involved and their connections. To this end, semi-structured interview techniques, trace mapping, bibliographic and documentary research, and data organization through cartography were adopted. The results allowed the updating of the shell waste deposition map in Vitória, and indicated that the lack of structures for processing and the absence of programs for the use of shells corroborate the development of the culture of throwing away, generating waste that is reflected in social and environmental impacts. Added to this issue is the fragility of relations between the municipal government and shellfish farmers, the disarticulation of shellfish farmers among themselves and the difficulty of dialogue with the local population, providing a negative picture that encompasses all those responsible for waste management. Regarding the mitigation of environmental impacts associated with the disposal of shellfish waste, strategic locations were identified for the installation of selective collectors and potential use of waste as soil fertilizer for the municipality of Vitória.
- ItemEfeitos ambientais dos resíduos da pesca artesanal em Marataízes, Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-02-23) Brumana, João Vitor da Silva; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador3; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador4; ID do co-orientador4; Lattes do co-orientador4; Campos, Adriana Fiorotti ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-5553; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8272405462162388; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6252-4954; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2762930312698510; Ferreira, Gilton Luís ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3201-0380; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3133702770099083; Cabral, Joilson de Assis ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6304-0195; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3912633890004376; 3º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 4º membro da banca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 5º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 6º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 7º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/Artisanal fishing is a cornerstone of coastal communities in Espírito Santo, Brazil, providing a vital source of livelihood for numerous families. Its significance extends beyond economic aspects, encompassing cultural and social dimensions, forging a deep connection between communities and the environment. Despite its crucial role, the generation of waste from fish processing poses a significant challenge for the fishing sector. The current management of this waste is characterized by worrying irregularities, leading to substantial negative environmental impacts. This inadequate management not only jeopardizes the quality of marine ecosystems but also contributes to large-scale environmental manipulation. This research delves into the critical role of artisanal fishing in the environmental impacts associated with fishing activities in the municipality of Marataízes, Espírito Santo. The primary objective is to evaluate the environmental impacts resulting from the irregular disposal of waste from artisanal fishing in the Barra do Itapemirim and Pontal ports, located in the municipality of Marataízes. The methodology employed in this study integrates both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Initially, the evaluation of the artisanal fishermen's profile involved the application of questionnaires, following a documentary methodological approach. This stage encompassed aspects identified in the diagnosis, including the disposal of waste resulting from fish processing. To analyze the composition of the generated waste, physical, chemical, and nutritional characterizations were performed, providing a comprehensive understanding of the waste generated in the process. The results and analyses of this research enabled the characterization of the fishermen's profile and fishing activities in the studied communities. Furthermore, it was possible to understand the composition of fish waste, noting the significant presence of lipids, proteins, and energy. It was also identified that the continuous disposal of this waste is causing significant environmental impacts due to the high concentration of the parameters found. This made it possible to suggest measures for the reuse of this waste, such as the production of fishmeal, aiming to mitigate these impacts and promote a more sustainable use of available resources
- ItemO impacto da gestão de resíduos industriais siderúrgicos no ESG(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-05-05) Cunha Junior, Zenilte Ramos da; Silva Filho, Alvim Borges da; https://orcid.org/0000000260597641; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4578598827999538; Ferreira, Gilton Luis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3133702770099083; Brandli, Luciana LonderoESG, the acronym for Environmental, Social and Governance dimensions, has seen a 1200% increase in searches between 2021 and 2022 on Google Trends. Such interest developed over the years points in a direction of sustainable consciousness of the younger generation and although the term ESG and the concept of sustainability are not new, it is in the last few years that ESG has entered the vocabulary of top leadership and capital investors for good. Despite this, there is no minimal consensus on a sufficiently organized metric that would facilitate the measurement of ESG practices in companies. In this context, this research seeks to bring focus to one of the factors that compose and can impact ESG management, industrial solid waste. In Brazil, among the main waste generators are steel and metallurgical companies, which have few ESG initiatives and are the subject of this research, which aims to assess the impact of solid industrial waste management on the ESG approach, based on theories and studies such as the social capital approach, taking into account the interaction between waste generating and processing companies, ESG, and the 5 Rs of sustainability for waste management. The results obtained from the analyses indicate that among the 5 Rs of waste management, reuse does not correlate with ESG factors, pointing to a little explored theme in steel mills and waste managers. Social capital only mediates the relationship between rethinking and refusing in the model developed for steel mills, and for the other Rs no relationship between Social Capital and ESG was identified. Another point identified was the waste management strategy used by each of the 06 steel mills evaluated through the GRI reports. Through this analysis we can identify that the steel mills do not clearly disclose the main initiatives for improving GRSI, despite this, the results of their employees' perception of GRSI can be observed through interviews.
- ItemDesempenho energético do setor extrativo de minério de ferro no Brasil no período de 2011 a 2020(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-06-13) Santos, Yolacir Carlos de Souza; Cunha, Carla Cesar Martins; https://orcid.org/0000000298378807; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4872949979695909; Felipe, Ednilson Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000241472069; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4003290201240274; Tomi, Giorgio Francesco Cesare deThe mining activity constitutes an important industrial sector in Brazil and, like many others, requires high energy consumption for its operations. However, the disclosure of information in this sector, regarding energy, is aggregated with that of pelletizing, which impairs the analysis of the mineral sector in a disaggregated manner. In this sense, the present study, which can be characterized as applied in nature and, in its objectives, defined as descriptive research; and in its procedure, as documentary, aimed to analyze the energy performance of the iron mining sector from 2011 to 2020. Due to the lack of disclosure of disaggregated data, primary information from the National Mining Agency obtained from the regulated sector was used, through the declaration of Annual Mining Reports. Thus, from the process of collecting and processing the individual data of each mining complex, regarding the use of diesel and electric energy, it was possible to analyze the energy consumption of the iron mining sector, as well as to estimate it in a disaggregated manner between the mining and beneficiation sectors, concluding that, in the period covered in the study, there was an increase in energy consumption (51%) and the identification that the majority of the energy expenditure derives from the use of diesel oil. By using consolidated energy performance indicators in the mineral sector, it was verified, over the study period, a tendency of increased energy required for iron ore production (33% in mining, 39% in beneficiation, and 41% in total), explained by the decrease in grades and the increase in waste-ore ratio and average transport distance, which necessitates higher energy consumption in mining and beneficiation. In addition, based on the energy consumption information, estimates of greenhouse gas emissions from the sector were made for the reported period, resulting in a 62% increase, justified by the same factors already mentioned.