Mestrado Profissional em Engenharia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável

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A aplicação da Lei 9.966/2000 na prevenção e controle da poluição por óleo nos portos da costa marítima do Espírito Santo : estudo do Terminal Norte Capixaba
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-12-06) Amorim, Jader Luiz; Santos, Glicia Vieira dos; Campos, Adriana Fiorotti; Ferreira, Dirce Nazaré de Andrade
The occurrence of oil spill incidents at sea in different countries have led for the development of systems to prevent oil pollution in marine waters. In Brazil, the Law n. 9.966/2000 is the main regulatory instrument on this matter. However, there are few studies with regard to this Law's applicability in a way that may contribute to a thorough investigation of the factors that lead to these incidents inside the Brazilian territory. In this context, the present study aimed to answer the following question: the oil pollution control and prevention system as mentioned in the Law n. 9.966/2000 is being applied effectively? In this way, a bibliographical and documentary research was conducted in order to investigate if the Law's requisites on prevention and control were being applied in the period from 2005 to 2014, in a sea terminal that moves oil in the state of Espírito Santo. So, the monitoring and control measures adopted by the designated environmental agency were verified; the data regarding oil spillage incidents taken place in the Terminal Norte Capixaba were checked; the penalties applied by the environmental agency and also the preventive and response actions shown by the company when undergoing oil spillage incidents at sea were analyzed. This research brings the conclusion that there is effort being made by the environmental agency for the application of preventive and control instruments established by the Law. However, company´s lack of compliance with legal deadlines allied to delayed analyses by the environmental agency involved may significantly result in low efficacy towards oil pollution prevention at sea.
A energia solar fotovoltaica em sistemas conectados à rede elétrica no Brasil : aspectos econômicos e políticas de incentivo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-08-08) Scarpati, Cynthia de Barros Lima; Campos, Adriana Fiorotti; Santos, Glícia Veira dos; Salles, Alexandre Ottoni Teatini
abstract
A mariscagem nas áreas de preservação ambiental da cidade de Vitória-ES: contribuição para a gestão compartilhada dos resíduos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-12-20) Gava, Martina Raphael; Caser, Karla do Carmo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8822-1793; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4591480447257505; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4014-7652; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1298576212485923 ; Ferreira, Gilton Luís; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3201-0380; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3133702770099083; Souza, Jonio Ferreira de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8766-2300; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2935785128835895
Shellfish farming is understood as a fishing activity carried out by traditional communities with great importance in financial, food and cultural support. However, this generates negative impacts due to the accumulation of waste disposed in inappropriate locations after the mollusc processing process, which generates shells as the main waste. Associated with the importance of the activity, the need to mitigate these negative effects motivated several studies on the use of this waste and several authors verified the feasibility of using it in different areas of production. In the city of Vitória-ES, the sururu shellfishing activity is carried out on the rocky coastal shores inserted in the conservation units Environmental Protection Area (APA) Baía das Tartarugas and Estação Ecológica Municipal Ilha do Lameirão, in addition to the mangrove ecosystem, which covers 18 km2 of the municipality’s territorial space. As in other places where shellfishing takes place, the municipality also faces problems related to the inadequate disposal of waste resulting from this practice. This work's main objective is to study sururu seafood in environmental preservation areas in the city of Vitória, with the aim of offering subsidies for shared waste management through its use. To track and analyze the complex relationships that involve the inadequate disposal of waste arising from this activity, the research was based on Bruno Latour's Actor-Network Theory, identifying the actors involved and their connections. To this end, semi-structured interview techniques, trace mapping, bibliographic and documentary research, and data organization through cartography were adopted. The results allowed the updating of the shell waste deposition map in Vitória, and indicated that the lack of structures for processing and the absence of programs for the use of shells corroborate the development of the culture of throwing away, generating waste that is reflected in social and environmental impacts. Added to this issue is the fragility of relations between the municipal government and shellfish farmers, the disarticulation of shellfish farmers among themselves and the difficulty of dialogue with the local population, providing a negative picture that encompasses all those responsible for waste management. Regarding the mitigation of environmental impacts associated with the disposal of shellfish waste, strategic locations were identified for the installation of selective collectors and potential use of waste as soil fertilizer for the municipality of Vitória.
A regulação dos serviços de esgotamento sanitário no Espírito Santo a partir da Lei Nº 11.445/2007 : uma análise do papel do controle externo para a efetivação do planejamento e da universalização do acesso
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-03-27) Wilken, Lygia Maria Sarlo; Campos, Adriana Fiorotti; Felipe, Ednilson Silva; Silva Filho, Alvim Borges da; Salles, Alexandre Ottoni Teatini
abstract
A sustentabilidade com a recuperação e valorização de cacos e casqueiros provenientes de mármore e granito
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-12-11) Bernardi, Vinícius Freisleben; Silva Filho, Alvim Borges da; Carneiro, Teresa Cristina Janes; Siman, Renato Ribeiro
The purpose of the present survey was to assess the contribution from the recovery and valorization of wastes to the corporative sustainability. Therefore, the sustainable management of rests from marble and granite industry was assessed. This work contributes mainly through the sustainability indicators selection from the current scientific knowledge and the sustainability assessment by means of the indicators selected in the first part in the recovery and valorization of marble and granite residues. Methodologically, a bibliometric review on the scientific production about sustainability indicators has been carried out focusing wastes management, in order to select tools to assess the marble and granite wastes management’s sustainability. Next, the wastes generation was diagnosed in a compilation of primary information about wastes-handling using the indicators selected in the bibliometric review to assess the impact of rests-recovery and -valorization in the marble and granite industry. Two wood businesses (S1 and S2) and two marble businesses (M1 and M2) have been selected for this study. This research provides relevant information about the scientific production on the subject sustainability assessment, systemizing important data regarding wastes management and the impacts of wastes management in marble and granite businesses.
Agrotóxicos no Estado do Espírito Santo : uma análise das questões legais e dos efeitos nas águas superficiais do Rio Jucu causados pelo herbicida glifosato
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-01-15) Altoé, Priscilla Spadeto; Coelho, Edumar Ramos Cabral; Rigo, Daniel; Rodrigues, Juliana Carvalho
Water is one of the ways in which pesticides are transported from the sites that have been applied to other parts of the environment, which can generate, as a consequence, many negative impacts. As a result of this factor, the condition of its use and application is regulated by normative acts. The DPSIR -Driven, Pressure, State, Impact, Response, developed by the European Environment Agency (EEA) was used as the guiding principle for an interdisciplinary study from a sustainable perspective. From the panorama obtained through legal aspects and secondary data, the diagnosis of the use of herbicides in the State of Espírito Santo and the possible aggravations for the water of public supply was carried out. It was verified the possibility of using the ARAquá and Agroscre softwares as an electronic resource for the application of predictive models, it was estimated the vulnerability to impacts of the scenario being studied and then, the presence of the most consumed herbicide Glyphosate worldwide was monitored in surface waters of the South Arm of the Jucu River in the Municipality of Marechal Floriano. Among the results, it was verified that only 35.02% of the merchants were accountable for the sale of agrochemicals to the body responsible for inspection. The Municipality that most sold agrochemicals in the year 2016 was São Gabriel da Palha (14%). Since the active principles that were most present in the commercialized formulations, both in the State of Espírito Santo and in the Jucu River Basin, and in Marechal Floriano were Glyphosate, Paraquat, 2,4D, and Picloram. Between 2014 and 2016, the VIGIAGUA Program monitored only 15 of the 27 agrochemicals listed in Ordinance No. 2914/2011 of the Ministry of Health, in 15 of the 78 municipalities that make up the State. Softwares have proven to be practical in their purpose, however there is a lack of updated databases for your application. Three samples for the analysis of Glyphosate showed its presence. With the work, deficiencies were verified in the state system of control of the commercialization and the use of pesticides. It was also confirmed the contamination by Glyphosate of the monitored point, demonstrating that the human health and the quality of the environment may be being compromised.
Análise da macrodrenagem de uma bacia urbana costeira com auxílio de modelagem hidrológica e hidráulica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-09-01) Passamani, Fernanda Caliman; Rigo, Daniel; Reis, José Antonio Tosta dos; Buarque, Diogo Costa
Coastal cities have, in general, many problems related to rainwater drainage. In addition to the high soil sealing due to urbanization, these regions present the land quotas close to the sea level, low steepness and they are influenced by the tide, aspects that intensify the cases of flooding. This study aimed to evaluate the macrodrainage of a coastal urban basin and evaluate proposals of some control measures to minimize the impacts of flooding. It was chosen as a case study the catchment of Canal da Canal, located in Vila Velha, Espirito Santo state. The softwares used in hydrologic and hydraulic modeling were, respectively, HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS. In the current situation of the basin, it was observed that the backwater caused by the runoff from the sub-basins result in high water levels in the channels for a long time due to the low flow velocity, causing flooding in several inhabited areas of the basin. Three alternative scenarios were evaluated, which was considered the improvement of the channels geometry, macrodrainage deviation of some sub-basins and transposition of rainwater through pumping. Considering the rainfall with a return period of 50 years, it was found that the alternative scenarios significantly attenuated the floods. Flood spots generated for the current scenario only disappeared after 33 hours of the onset of rain and they reached the maximum area equivalent to 27.7% of the total area of the basin. In Scenario 4, where the most efficient control measures were adopted, the flooding ended after 3 hours and the percentage of the basin area affected by the maximum flooding reduced to 8.9%. However, it was observed that the flooding problems have not been solved totally in any scenario. Thus, it is noted that coastal basins occupied could adopt, beyond structural techniques, non-structural control measures that provide a harmonious coexistence of the population with the floods. Such measures can be forecast and warning systems, flood insurance and evacuation plans.
Análise da produção de energia elétrica e de biocombustíveis a partir de resíduos sólidos agropecuários no Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-07-13) Pagel, Uonis Raasch; Campos, Adriana Fiorotti; Santos, Glicia Vieira dos; Oliveira, Luciano Basto
This research is placed in a context of stimulus and use of alternative and clean sources for the production of electric energy and biofuels, the both produced from large scale inputs such as farming solid waste from agricultural, forestry and livestock activities. The study is justified by the need for a development based on the participation of renewable sources in the internal supply of energy and in the decentralized generation of electric energy; for the diversification of the energy matrix; the complementary to the hydraulic source in the seasons of drought and water crisis; the possibility of reducing the use of fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions; besides the resulting economic and social development, through adding value to the waste based productive chains. The objective of this study was to analyze which factors have implied obstacles for the exploration of the electricity and biofuels production from agricultural and livestock sources in Brazil (with the exception of sugarcane bagasse), based on economic, environmental, technological and regulatory aspects. In this view, the study was carried out from a bibliographical and documentary research, mainly in the areas of Sustainable Economy, Planning and Energy Efficiency, and Brazilian Farming, in order to answer the problem raised. The results pointed out that the greatest obstacles in this regard are not technical, but economic and political-institutional, including expenditures and logistical constraints that make the energy utilization of these wastes a process of complex economic viability in Brazil. It is needed to accelerate RD&I work to address this situation by working on two fronts: energy efficiency and increasing participation of renewable energy sources, thus subsidizing the formulation of public policies in the energy sector. Added to these factors is the need for an action in terms of increasing technical knowledge in rural areas, besides policies to overcome the lack of access to capital and logistical improvements.
Análise da relação entre responsabilidade social e desempenho empresarial de empresas dos países participantes do BRICS
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-10-19) Rovetta, Maria Paula; Maria Júnior, Elizeu; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7515117984616885; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9543-1322; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3911534831200363; Feitosa, Paulo Henrique Assis; Silva Filho, Alvim Borges da; https://orcid.org/0000000260597641; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4578598827999538
This dissertation's main objective is to contribute to the understanding of the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices and the financial performance of emerging economies participating in the BRICS economic group, in the period from 2018 to 2022. This study is justified by bringing to light a contribution to the conceptual scenario of CSR as well as collaborating to clarify the gap regarding the relationship between social practices and company performance in a positive, negative or neutral way. Methodologically, this research is classified, in terms of its general objective, as explanatory and quantitative and for the technical procedures, it is considered as documentary. In the composition of panel data analyses, the accounting measures Return on Assets (ROA) and Tobin's Q (QT) are addressed as dependent variables, the independent variables are represented by the Environmental, Social and Governance ESG dimensions treated separately and the control variables they are representative of the company size (logAt), debt (ENDIV) and revenue variation (REC). The platform for accessing financial and social information used was the Refinitv database, with regard to statistical processing using R software. Finally, the results highlighted by the statistical analyzes lead to the conclusion that social issues are inconclusive with regard to performance. financial management in a clear and effective way, only improve the companies' vision in the market, inclining towards more robust results when it comes to environmental issues. The results are in line with the characteristics of the sample represented by emerging economies in which CSR issues are still weak and require clarification regarding their real contribution to companies' financial performance.
Análise da transição sociotécnica para bioplásticos no Brasil e em uma amostra de agentes do setor de plástico do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-05-03) Seibel, Huandra Siqueira; Felipe, Ednilson Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000241472069; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4003290201240274; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1857-9331; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1445578496403460; Melo, Tatiana Massaroli de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2787-7753; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0020649353763992; Silva Filho, Alvim Borges da; https://orcid.org/0000000260597641; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4578598827999538
In recent decades, environmental issues associated with plastics have become a global concern. Current research is looking for ecologically viable alternatives to replace conventional plastic, produced from petroleum-derived polymers, usually used in the production of the plastic we use on a daily basis, which are difficult to decompose and, therefore, extremely harmful to the environment. . It happens, however, that it is still not clear whether the available alternatives will present better results in environmental, social and economic terms. There remains a need for more nuanced understandings of plastic and its environmental impacts and for studies that analyze the acceptance of bioplastics from an industry perspective.
Análise das condições para desenvolvimento do mercado de estruvita recuperada a partir de águas residuárias no Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-08-24) Franci, Thiago Keller; Felipe, Ednilson Silva; Campos, Rosane Hein de; Costa, Aureliano Nogueira da
The crystallization of struvite from wastewater treatment has been widely carried out in wastewater treatment plants (ETARs) in many countries, a practice that meets the concepts of the Nexus and Circular Economy. The struvite contains nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and magnesium (Mg) in its composition, and is considered a valuable recycled fertilizer, especially due to the possibility of future shortage of the element P. In Brazil little has been discussed regarding struvite, therefore in this study the technical, commercial, economic and regulatory feasibility conditions for the development of the market for this recycled product in the country were evaluated. The results indicate that there are already many technologies for recovery of struvite being offered in the world market. Its main differences are related to where the crystal is precipitated, the type of reactor, and the source of magnesium used. In Brazil such technologies have greater potential for acceptance in the private sector, and, due to their characteristics, the recovered struvite should be marketed as a refined fertilizer product. The price of struvite in the market is still uncertain, and it is necessary to use indicators and comparisons to estimate it. The option for accepting projects related to the installation of technologies for the recovery of struvite from wastewater treatment goes through economic feasibility studies. A developed scenario indicates that for the selected target audience, the return on investment does not occur within the time frame considered in the study, which indicates that the project is not viable and should not go forward. However, the changes in the scenario and the sensitivity analysis indicate that the two variables that most impact the result are the market value of struvite and the source and price of magnesium used in the process. There were no restrictions on the production and marketing of struvite in Brazil, although there were no records of this product in the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Supply (MAPA). The relevant legislation is not clear and specific, which creates doubts and uncertainties for potential investors.
Análise do gerenciamento de resíduos sólidos em micro e pequenas empresas do setor de móveis de madeira da Grande Vitória - ES
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-03-17) Caetano, Miraya Dutra Degli Esposti; Silva Filho, Gilson; Pacheco, Edison Thaddeu; Campos, Rosane Hein de
This study aimed to investigate solid waste management in four wood furniture manufacturers in Greater Vitória –ES region, two of those being micro and the other two small companies, and make proposals based on the Cleaner Productionprogram and brazilian “Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos” (National Solid Waste Policy) law. First, four furniture companies were selected to carry out on-site visits, with a semi-open questionnaire and semi-structured interviews, in order to examine the quantity of raw materials used and the waste were generated in the production process. In addition, were examine the procedures adopted for the management of solid waste, the environmental, social and economic aspects related to the generation of waste in each company. Then was compared the companies withregard to these variables and was identified the most efficient to convert their raw materials into finished products and the one with best solid waste management. Next, sustainable solutions were proposed for the non-generation, reduction, reuse, recycling, treatment and proper final destination of the waste generated. There wasmore than 280 tons of solid waste generated by the four companies in 2014, with the majority (more than 90%) consisting of wood chips and sawdust/wood powder. The company with thebest solid waste management was Company 3and Company 2 was the one with best production process efficiency, bothsmall companies, which endorses studies by several authors that the degree of adoption of proactive environmental practices is related to thesize of the company -the larger the company, more likely it is to adopt such practices.
Análise do nível de maturidade tecnológica de um banheiro seco capaz de coletar e tratar separadamente urina e fezes humanas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-04-28) Ramos, Breno Simões; Gonçalves, Ricardo Franci; https://orcid.org/0000000220489451; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9604327349698525; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3399730934298816; Medeiros, Diego Lima; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6332-7217; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6574996299327565; Campos, Rosane Hein de; https://orcid.org/0000000182548069; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3005395964947888
This research aimed to evaluate the acceptance of users and the level of technological maturity of a bathroom capable of collecting feces and urine separately without the need for water discharge. The dry sanitary basin (BSS) is a technological innovation capable of recovering nutrients from the treatment of human excreta, in addition to promoting environmental preservation of natural resources, mainly related to the large water consumption of the current sanitation model. it is necessary to evaluate the degree of maturity of this technology, through a specific methodology called techonology readniless level and the behavior of users when they are in contact with BSS. Specific tests for odor monitoring, accessibility and usability, temperature monitoring were carried out. and humidity and monitoring the bathroom use panel. The tests show that the technology has a satisfactory degree of maturity, reaching stage 8 (TRL 8). Furthermore, user acceptance was unanimous on the part of everyone involved in the research.
Análise técnica e regulatória da geração de energia a partir do biogás de aterros sanitários no Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-03-31) Galiza, Juçara de Jesus Monteiro de; Siman, Renato Ribeiro; Campos, Adriana Fiorotti; Oliveira, Luciano Basto; Santos, Glicia Vieira dos
The use of biogas generated from anaerobic digestion of Solid Urban Waste (SUW)reveals itself as an important option for diversifying the brazilian energetic sources plus reducing the impact of solid waste on the environment. So, this study tried to estimate the potential for biogas generation in the landfills in the state of Espírito Santo aiming to evaluate it ́s energetic potential in the creation ofelectric energy.Also it analysisregulatory possibilities for commercialization and the use of this resource in Brazil and especially in EspíritoSanto and it ́s macro regions. Regarding methodology this research used in it ́s quantitative phase the gatheringof information on operational landfills and a projection for waste generation for Espírito Santo to be included in Model Land GEM recommended by United States Environmental Protection Agencyfor prevision of biogas generation potential. In it ́s qualitative phase of energy commercialization regulation analysis, was used bibliographical and documental research. We also used interviews with representatives of the energy sector and plants. The results indicate that the available energy for supply in the periodfrom 2016 to 2035 is approximately 3.17 x 109kWh,an annual average of 158.687 MWh/year, capable to attend to 88.160 households. Based on regulatory analysis was noted the feasibility for use in experimental and industrial forms as well as for dedicated use and vehicular fuel in captive fleets. However, in the present time national regulations make it unfeasible the use of this resource in the natural gas (NG) network.
Antracitos calcinados em indústria carboquímica: produção, caracterização e aplicações
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-08-26) Vasconcelos, Rodrigo Figueiredo; Cassini, Servio Tulio Alves; https://orcid.org/0000000152003666; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2519874649699294; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2103609207494935; Gonçalves, Ricardo Franci; https://orcid.org/0000000220489451; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9604327349698525; Addad, João Eduardo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-8859; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2356106837787562; Gonçalves, Gustavo dos Reis; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3786753743030394
In this work, porous carbonaceous materials based on coal, anthracite and commercial activated carbon were characterized and applied on the removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and naphthalene present in a contaminated water samples through adsorption on fixed-bed columns. The anthracite was subjected to a heat treatment in an industrial electric furnace at temperatures between 1700 and 3000°C, being later called Electrically Calcined Anthracite (ECA). Also in this work, the crude anthracite (CA), granular activated carbon (GAC) commercially available for sale and sand were used as adsorbent material for the experiment. The substrates were characterized by following some techniques, such as: specific surface area using the model proposed by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) through adsorption of N2 gas at 77K, pore size ratio obtained by the computational method of Barrett, Joyner and Halenda (BJH), particle size analysis, hydrocarbon concentration analysis via gas chromatography and quantitative analysis of biofilms using the Take3 method. The experiment had 3 blocks in which the 4 different substrates in triplicate were submitted to the design of causal blocks. The effluent contaminated with naphthalene fed the fixed-bed columns upwards, with an outflow of each section of 2.0 ml/sec. During the liquid-liquid extraction of the effluent with hexane solvent, the presence of biomass was found after 104 hours of treatment. However, the author did not bio stimulate the growth of microorganisms. The naphthalene concentration of the CAG treated effluent was not detected during the 248 hours of treatment making this the best result. AEC had its highest adsorption capacity of 5.17 µg of C10H8 per gram of substrate in 72 hours. AB presented its best adsorption capacity with 3.17 µg of C10H8 per gram of substrate in 32 hours. After 176 hours of treatment, the naphthalene content decreased in both fixed bed columns, strengthening the thesis that the microorganisms used naphthalene as a source of carbon and energy for their growth.
Aplicação do método de Monte Carlo para análise de incerteza na simulação do comportamento dos compostos de nitrogênio em rios
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-12-17) Silva, Tatiana Candeia da; Reis, José Antônio Tosta dos; Akabassi, Lucien; Daniel, Rigo
Nitrogen is a component of major importance regarding generation and its own control of water pollution. At the same time it is an indispensable element for the production of the aquatic ecosystem, it can be the causative agent of several problems related to water quality. Nitrogen in water bodies is presented in many oxidation states and can be found in the forms of organic nitrogen, ammoniacal, nitrite and nitrate. The most important reactions are fixation, ammonification, assimilation, nitrification and denitrification. The research’s main goal is to conduct, with the use of the mathematical model of water quality Qual-UFMG and the Monte Carlo method, a computational simulation of the nitrogen compounds transformations in the last stretch of the Piracicaba River, which is an important affluent of the Doce River. The uncertainty analysis due to using the Monte Carlo method involved the random creation of entry data (hydrodynamic variables, water quality conditions and kinetic constant) with the assistance of regular and uniform distributions of probabilities. Results indicate that, for the variation coefficient values and the percentage of variation, initially assumed for the performance of this present study, the histograms of frequency of maximum values of the different nitrogen compounds concentration are similar when produced with the aid of the regular or uniform distributions in order to randomly create the kinetic constants, hydrodynamic variables and concentrations of nitrogen compounds. From all the variables simulated, the variation coefficient values and the variation percentage are not presented as relevant for Kso (sedimentation coefficient of the organic nitrogen), once the Kso values are usually small when compared to the other coefficient already simulated.
Aplicação do pensamento enxuto (lean thinking) em organização de catadores de materiais recicláveis
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-11-22) Porto, Rafael Noronha; Siman, Renato Ribeiro; https://orcid.org/0000000329397403; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5990166591886283; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7649-9229; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8940341016193429; Yamane, Luciana Harue; https://orcid.org/0000000240815402; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2770673036643419; Baldam, Roquemar de Lima; https://orcid.org/0000000281002862; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9016699893911674; Filho, Helio Zanquetto; https://orcid.org/0000000256930704; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7267023450920621
The National Solid Waste Policy (NSWP) highlights the importance of Waste Pickers’ Organization (WPO) in the urban solid waste recycling chain. However, WPOs have dysfunctions that impact productivity and consequently greater gains for associates, such as non-value-added activities, called waste. Understanding why these unproductivity’s occur and how to eliminate them is the basis of Lean Thinking. Thus, this work aimed to implement improvements in an WPO based on a wide analysis of possibilities and the use of Lean techniques such as process modeling, value stream mapping, spaghetti diagram, analysis of activities that add value and rearrangement of layout. After improvements implemented in the recyclable material selection macroprocess, gains were obtained with reduction of initial stock (59%), lead time (41%), processing time (57%) and cargo handling (17%), clearly realizing the production of positive results in the studied organization. This work revealed the possibility of applying the lean thinking strategy in simple enterprises such as the WPO, providing increased productivity and revenue.
Avaliação ambiental do ciclo de vida do vidro sodo-cálcico com a incorporação da Lama do Beneficiamento de Rochas Ornamentais
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-02-21) Lorenção, Pablo Zamprogno; Campos, Adriana Fiorotti; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-5553; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8272405462162388; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1944-7764; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4527145264410377; Felipe, Ednilson Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000241472069; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4003290201240274; Filho, Gilson Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000153131424; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1040363193594196; Pereira Junior, Amaro Olimpio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9766-1080; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2040156874891038
The ornamental stone industry mobilizes large volumes of raw materials in its production process, generating various types of waste, such as the Ornamental Stone Processing Sludge (SOSP). Alternatives must be sought for the recycling and treatment of waste from ornamentais rocks. The incorporation of SOSP in civil construction materials has been considerably investigated to evaluate its behavior in chemical and physical properties, as for example in the production of soda-lime glass. However, research on the environmental assessment of its use still needs to gain greater proportions, especially in Brazil. Methodologies such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) can be applied to verify the potential environmental impacts associated with changes in product composition. Thus this dissertation aims to perform an LCA in order to evaluate the environmental viability of soda-lime glass with the incorporation of SOSP for a Brazilian scenario. The computer program OpenLCA 1.10.3 was used to perform an evaluation in conjunction with data obtained from observations in the laboratory and technical visit, from other literature, and also from the Ecoinvent 3.6 database. For the environmental impact assessment (EIA), the CED, IPCC 2013, and Impact+2002 methods were used. From the results, soda-lime glass with replacement of industrial sand (silica) by SOSP showed a reduction in energy consumption, CO2 eq emissions and total impact when compared to conventional soda-lime glass, making it an environmentally advantageous replacement. For all these reasons, the state of Espírito Santo has potential for the installation of a glass factory.
Avaliação da capacidade de adsorção da borra de café e da casca de café na remoção de 2,4-D em amostras de água
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-08-16) Roldi, Larissa Lopes; Coelho, Edumar Ramos Cabral; Siman, Renato Ribeiro; Schettino Júnior, Miguel Ângelo
Contamination of water resources for human supplying by micro pollutants is a difficulty that conventional water treatments do not solve effectively. 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a micro-contaminant fouling pesticide that has high toxicity to the aquatic ecosystem and to humans, requiring its removal from this environment. The most widely used method for the removal of these compounds is adsorption on activated carbon, where the substance interacts with clusters present on the coal surface, so that, after filtration, the compound is removed. In the attempt to develop new materials for the adsorption of 2,4-D, Coffee grounds (CG) and Coffee husks (CH), in natura and carbonized, were used in adsorption studies, as they are highly available materials in Brazil and have lower cost of obtaining when compared to activated charcoal. This study evaluated the surface characteristics of these materials by Analysis of Specific Surface Area (BET), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetry (TG) and Point Zero Charge (PZC). Studies were carried out to set equilibrium time and the adsorbent mass to be used, but it was not possible to determine any adsorption of 2,4- D using CG and CH in natura. Thus, adsorption studies varying the initial 2,4-D concentration and the pH of the solution were conducted only for activated carbon AC and carbonized CG and CH. To the isotherms, generated from the adsorption study, the Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to obtain parameters of the adsorption process. In general, carbonized CG presented higher adsorption in relation to carbonized CH, presenting qA MÁX values of 23.4 and 4.4 mg/g, respectively. However, both had lower performance than AC (qA MÁX = 94.0 mg/g). Among the studied pH, it was observed that in acid pH's, 2,4-D removal was higher for all studied adsorbents.
Avaliação da incorporação dos conceitos de sustentabilidade no projeto de habitações de interesse social : o caso Loteamento Santa Maria do Limão, Aracruz, ES
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-03-22) Gomes, Daniella Amorim; Campos, Adriana Fiorotti; Santos, Glicia Vieira dos; Laranja, Andrea Coelho
The study presents analyzes aimed at the production of Social Interest Housing in the context of a chosen study object, theSanta Maria do Limão Allocation, located in the Municipality of Aracruz, ES. The methods of analysis are based on the methodology of Post-occupation Evaluation, Energy-Environmental Assessment of Materials and on the evaluation of the quantity ofconstruction and demolition waste. The APO has its own methods and techniques in order to systematically evaluate the built environment, with a view to technical, cognitive, functional and cultural aspects, mainly through the evaluation of the resident tohisdwelling. The Energy-Environmental Assessment of Materials, demonstrates the environmental energy impacts caused by the Civil Construction Sector, which despite being a significant sector for the economic and social growth of the country, is characterized by the environmental degradation caused mainly by the production of its building materials. The estimation of the amount of waste produced by the housing of the case study, are related to the questions related to the APOand the Environmental-Energy Assessment of the Materials. Through the APO, it obtained an overview of the inadequacies of the dwellings and the changes made, being possible to quantify them in the volume of residues produced and to evaluate the energy-environmental expenses of these modifications. After analysis in theAllocation, it was possible to propose guidelines and interventions in the current production patterns, through a Project of Housing of Expansible Social Interest. The results point to the need to review the production patterns of HIS currently practiced, considering several factors at the design stage, such as the opinion of the future residents of the dwellings, the choice of the correct architectural party for each situation in order to eliminate standardization And constant repetition of the models, and especially to use criteria of sustainability in the choice of materials and constructive technologies.

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