Mestrado em Educação Física
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- ItemEfeito das estratégias de foco de atenção no equilíbrio e na atividade muscular de praticantes de futebol e corrida(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-09-11) Delunardo, Anderson Rodrigues; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 1º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 2º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/In a training session, it is common for coaches to provide verbal instructions and commands to their athletes, directing attentional focus to either external (external focus) or internal (internal focus) elements of the performed movement. Enhanced performance when maintaining attention on external elements of movement has been verified in several studies, highlighting the caution coaches must exercise when selecting the content of their instructions. These studies also indicate that external focus strategies are effective in reducing postural sway. Since increased efficiency of postural control may be associated with the optimization of sports movements as well as the reduction of falls and injuries, these results suggest external focus strategies as a useful tool for coaches in different sports. However, different sports practices take place in environments of varying predictability—more unpredictable, such as football, and more predictable, such as running. Combined with the motor characteristics of each modality, these differences may explain the unique postural adaptations and regulations adopted by their practitioners. Nevertheless, the role and effects of attentional focus strategies on postural performance and regulation in these different athlete profiles remain not fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of attentional focus on the efficacy (sway) and efficiency (muscle activity) of postural control in football and running practitioners. These modalities have distinct motor and environmental characteristics, potentially leading to the development of unique postural strategies and regulations. For this purpose, the following methodological procedures were applied in this experimental research: Forty-five young adults (18–40 years) participated, distributed into running (n=15), football (n=15), and control (n=15) groups. Postural control was assessed using a force platform under stable and unstable surfaces, in bipedal and single-leg stances. Electromyographic (EMG) signals were collected from the tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, rectus femoris, and biceps femoris muscles of the non-dominant limb. The experimental conditions were organized into two blocks. In the first block, participants received the instruction “stand as still as possible.” Subsequently, a laser strap was positioned on the ankle, and participants performed the second block under the following conditions: (1) Internal Focus (IF), with the instruction “reduce to the maximum your ankle movements,” (2) External Focus (EF), and (3) External Focus with Feedback (EFF), where the instruction for both was “reduce to the maximum the movements of the laser.” In the latter, the laser movement was visible to the participant. The analyzed variables were: (1) mean velocity of COP displacement (VEL) and mean sway amplitude (MSA) (global analysis), (2) time interval between successive peaks (MT), mean value of the peaks (MP), and mean distance between successive peaks (MD) (structural analysis), (3) relative COP spectral power in the frequency bands 0.0–0.3 Hz, 0.3–1.0 Hz, and 1.0–3.0 Hz (spectral analysis), and (4) Coactivation Index (CI) and Linear Envelope (ENV), descriptors of muscle activity. Greater efficacy of postural control (sway reduction) was observed for external focus strategies, particularly when combined with feedback, compared to internal focus and control conditions. Internal focus also promoted sway reduction compared to the control condition. Structural descriptors indicated more stable and effective postural commands under focus conditions relative to control, with no differences between focus types, while spectral analysis evidenced that attentional direction may modulate the use of sensory information for postural stabilization. However, the effects of external focus on the efficiency (muscle activity) of postural control were heterogeneous, revealing increased activation in some muscles and decreased activation in others, making it difficult to consistently associate external focus strategies with greater efficiency of postural control. Furthermore, most of the betweengroup differences were concentrated in electromyographic activity, suggesting that participants relied on different levels of muscular effort to achieve similar outcomes for sway and postural control dynamics. It is believed that the scarcity of differences (in other descriptors) between modalities limited the detection of more consistent interactions between focus and sport type, which were revealed only for the coactivation index. In conclusion, the results of the present study reinforce the positive effects of external focus on the efficacy and dynamics of postural control. However, the heterogeneous effects of external focus on the efficiency (muscle activity) of postural control suggest caution when associating attentional focus with greater efficiency. Finally, despite the scarcity of significant interactions between group and attentional focus condition for other descriptors, the results found for muscle activity cautiously suggest that the effects of focus may be modulated by sport practice. These findings indicate the possibility of advancing future investigations, including additional analyses and experimental procedures, to better understand the effects of attentional focus on postural control
- ItemRespostas cardiorrespiratórias e perceptuais de uma sessão de treinamento intervalado de alta intensidade com resistência elástica em mulheres de meia idade e idosas(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-09-29) Nascimento, Waldir Zanotti; Neves, Letícia Nascimento Santos; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Carletti, Luciana; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1877-3824; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 1º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 2º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/Não disponível
- ItemAnálise cinemática da corrida associada à dupla tarefa (motora e cognitiva) em adultos e idosos(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-09-02) Couto, Luana Domingos de Oliveira; Rinaldi, Natalia Madalena; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6125-3843; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5548866547945200 ; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4931-4705; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5370518395382270; Lemos, Estele Caroline Welter Meereis; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7827-1829; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2815232699306622; Batistela, Rosângela Alice; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3062-2209; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6660469515395410Road running is one of the most practiced sports in Brazil, and in recent years it has shown an increase in the number of participants over the age of 60. The existing literature relating aging to running demonstrates that differences in movement patterns between younger and older adults are mainly associated with spatiotemporal gait parameters. Biomechanical and cognitive changes resulting from aging affect the motor pattern in older adults, which may influence sports performance. Dual-tasking is present in daily activities, whether in simple or complex tasks, and is also common during running. Performance in carrying out dual tasks is related to the individual’s cognitive and motor capacities, which are reflected in their functional performance and are impacted by aging. However, there are still gaps in the literature regarding the influence of motor and cognitive dual-tasking during running in older adults. Understanding the differences in running patterns among older adults, as well as the motor adjustments present when performing dual tasks during running, may be useful to verify whether age-related motor changes interfere with injury risk in this sport. Investigating different age groups, including middle-aged adults, can help identify whether running pattern alterations associated with dual tasking and aging already begin in this age range. The aim of this study was to investigate the kinematic parameters of the running pattern under dual-task conditions (motor and cognitive) in older adults. The study included 15 young adult runners aged 21 to 35 years, 15 middle-aged runners aged 38 to 50 years, and 15 older adult runners aged 60 years and older, all capable of performing the experimental task. Participants were instructed to run on an athletics track at a speed determined by an aerobic fitness test, under three experimental conditions: (1) Control, in which only running was performed; (2) Motor dual-task, in which the secondary task of grabbing a cup of water was added; and (3) Cognitive dual-task, in which the secondary task of solving a subtraction arithmetic problem was added. For the kinematic analysis of the experimental conditions, two digital cameras (GoPro, Hero 7 Black model) recording at 120Hz were used. The dependent variables analyzed were stride length, stride width, stride duration, and stride velocity, as well as knee and ankle angular variables. Older adult runners showed differences compared to young and middle-aged runners, with shorter stride length and stride duration, and reduced knee and ankle range of motion. No differences were found between middle-aged and young adults, which may suggest that running practice mitigates the effects of aging on running parameters. Both motor and cognitive dual-tasking interfered with most of the variables analyzed, such as decreased stride length, increased stride width, and reduced knee and ankle range of motion, with a trend toward greater interference from motor dual-tasking. An interaction between motor dual-tasking and stride was also identified, with changes observed in the stride preceding and during the motor dual-task stride, such as reduced velocity and knee and ankle range of motion. Based on these results, it can be concluded that older runners differ from young and middle-aged adult runners, what was evidenced by the changes in spatiotemporal and angular variables during dual-task running in older adults. Furthermore, it is also concluded that dual-tasking interferes with running patterns, as demonstrated by the changes above, showing that the division of attention whether in motor or cognitive dual tasks is responsible for altering motor responses during locomotion according to task demands. Finally, it can be concluded that the demonstrated changes related to the stride prior to and during the execution of the motor dual task reveal a pattern of anticipatory locomotor adjustment in the approach phase of the dual task, characterizing a motor adaptation to accommodate the task and perform it successfully. Thus, older adults may be more exposed to the risk of injury or falls as a result of aging, and their motor response and adaptation capacity to dual-task running may be compromised due to degenerations in the sensory, neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, and joint systems. Thus, the findings of this study may help fill the gap in the literature regarding the analysis of spatiotemporal and angular parameters of running under dual-task conditions in older adults. Furthermore, these results may be useful for the planning and prescription of training programs for older runners, aiming at fall and injury prevention, performance improvement, and longevity in the practice of running.
- ItemO fardamento de policiamento ostensivo promove desconforto musculoesquelético em policiais militares?(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-08-23) Silva, Camila Benevides Brandão; Rica, Roberta Luksevicius; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6145-1337; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6498356573921604 ; Bocalini, Danilo Sales; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3993-8277; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6290090639004596 ; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8077-5909; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4901134312147738 ; Maia, Adriano Fortes; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1880-3998; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0599968037984955; Yázigi, Flávia Giovanetti; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6293-5416The nature of police work is characterized by exhausting critical activities, as well as occupational situations that require high physical fitness, such as running, jumping, pulling, pushing, and carrying. Personal protective equipment (PPE) and operational gear are mandatory devices for performing tactical police duties. However, due to the physical burden, they can cause physiological changes and affect the performance of officers during operations. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the muscle discomfort of military police officers from the Special Missions Battalion of Espírito Santo with and without the use of the tactical uniform. A total of 42 military police officers participated in the study, all belonging to the Special Operations Command (COE), stationed at the Special Missions Battalion (BME) in Vitória - ES. The tactical uniform consists of a combination of mandatory equipment such as ballistic vest, tactical belt, thigh holster, firearms with main and spare magazines loaded, knife, boots, handcuffs, radio communicator, and flashlight. The evaluation of musculoskeletal discomfort was conducted by applying the Corlett & Manenica Diagram with and without the complete tactical uniform. The instrument divides the body into 27 parts and provides the evaluated individual with a discomfort index on a scale ranging from 1 (no pain) to 5 (extreme pain). The overall average age was 37.10 ± 6.05 years, with a body mass index of 28.20 ± 3.60 kg/m², and an average service time of 13.00 ± 6.70 years. A statistical difference (p<0.05) was found in body mass without (86.80 ± 11.74 kg) and with (100.40 ± 12.24 kg) the tactical uniform, resulting in an increase of 13.06 ± 2.89 kg from the uniform's equipment. Significant differences were found in all body parts only in the condition with and without the tactical uniform. Considering lumbar discomfort, significant differences (p<0.0001) were found with (2.70 ± 1.30) and without (1.83 ± 1.17) the uniform. In conclusion, the use of the tactical police uniform causes muscle discomfort in the military police officers of the Special Missions Battalion of Espírito Santo.
- ItemDesenvolvimento profissional e formação continuada em educação física: uma imersão na vida de professor(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-09-26) Polati, Giulliana Veiga; Figueiredo, Zenólia Christina Campos; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9637-4581; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3674967450536858 ; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-1248-2315; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4007141097243350 ; Sá, Maria das Graças Carvalho Silva de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3460-7268; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8788192602168336; Vago, Tarcísio Mauro; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-5582; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3671595343974895This work results from a master’s research study of a qualitative nature, grounded in life history narratives and based on the theoretical and methodological contributions of Josso (2004, 2006). Its objective was to investigate, understand, and analyze the narratives and reflections of participating teachers regarding continuing education, understood as an integral part of professional teacher development. To this end, the study was anchored in the contributions of authors such as Garcia (1999, 2009), Nóvoa (1995, 2001), Gatti (2010), Imbernón (2010), Cunha (2013), Day (1999), Formosinho (2009), and Schön (2000), who discuss professional development and the construction of teacher identity throughout the career. The research values the epistemological aspects that permeate formative processes, conceiving teacher education as a continuous, permanent movement articulated with initial training. It focused on the formative trajectories of five Physical Education teachers, students and graduates of the Professional Master’s Program at the Center for Physical Education and Sports of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (UFES), seeking to understand how they mobilize the knowledge built in their pedagogical practices and the meanings they attribute to continuing education as a space of articulation between personal and professional dimensions. The data were generated through narrative interviews guided by generative scripts and analyzed through a comprehensive-interpretive approach inspired by Souza (2006, 2014), which enabled the understanding of the time to remember, narrate, and reflect on teaching experiences. The results indicate that teacher education occurs in diverse times and Spaces, formal and informal, individual and collective, encompassing autonomous study initiatives, peer collaboration, and participation in collective projects. The formative experiences reveal motivations that give meaning to teaching life, fostering transformations, re-significations, and the construction of knowledge. It is concluded that recognizing teachers as subjects of knowledge and formation requires policies and institutional practices that value listening, dialogue, and the sharing of experiences, reaffirming teacher education as a continuous, singular, and complex process, shaped by the historicity and centrality of teaching experiences.