Doutorado em Biologia Animal

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17508

Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2009
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019). Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Url do curso: https://cienciasbiologicas.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGBAN/detalhes-do-curso?id=56

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    Genômica populacional de golfinhos-rotadores associada a variáveis ambientais e eficiência de metodologias de sequenciamento de nova geração
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-06-23) Teixeira, Fernanda Lopes; Farro, Ana Paula Cazerta; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-1653; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0283101629974718; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4656-8315; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3581179629499265 ; Silva, Flávio José de Lima; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6521-9367; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1421802360229451 ; Siciliano, Salvatore; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0124-8070; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2471615656999141; Oliveira, Larissa Rosa de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5735-3697; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2346014398624345; Cruz, Vanessa Paes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2450-8701; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1271552780425809
    Although cetaceans are highly mobile and can travel long distances, many biological factors can lead to genetic differentiation within and between groups, such as environmental and social factors. The spinner dolphin, Stenella longirostris, is considered pantropical and exhibits genetic structure throughout its distribution. This study aims to refine population analyses for the species in the Western South Atlantic Ocean (SWA) using neutral and adaptive genomic data. Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) was used for 25 spinner dolphins, 12 individuals associated with the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and 13 not associated with the Archipelago (Northeast - NE; Southeast - SE; and South - S). Genomic diversity and differentiation were verified based on neutral SNPs and outliers identified from the genotype-environment association and population structure. After filtering, 21,341 SNPs were identified in 15 samples, of which eight individuals were associated with the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FN) and seven were not associated with the Archipelago (three from the SE and four from the NE). The locations analyzed with neutral (20,691) and adaptive (650 outlier SNPs) were separated into three sampling units: FN, NE, and SE. Genomic diversity values ranged from moderate to high for the locations. The outlier SNPs were found to be related to genes associated with biological processes, such as the development and/or function of the nervous system, immune system, among others. The allele frequency of three genes differed between the locations, consistent with changes in sea surface temperature. Previous genetic studies identified two populations in SWA: spinner dolphins associated with the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago and those not associated with the Archipelago. This study identified at least three populations: one associated with the Archipelago and two not associated (SE and NE), and this structuring was related to environmental variables such as salinity, ocean currents, and sea surface temperature. Our work contributes to the understanding of how neutral and adaptive processes can shape spinner dolphin populations in the SWA.
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    Mudanças espaçotemporais dos vetores de perda de habitat em populações do jacaré-de-papo-amarelo (Caiman latirostris) no Brasil
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-04-29) Dias, Gabriel Gomes; Loss, Ana Carolina; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-8555; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8415444657040950; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8521-6649; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4546773837161392; Chaves, Flávia Guimarães; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0058456568546264; Mascarenhas Júnior, Paulo Braga; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1292-9904; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2036444543288928
    Human activities, such as deforestation, agricultural expansion, and urbanization, have caused significant changes in land use and land cover, directly impacting biodiversity and species survival. Tropical forests, essential for climate regulation and global biodiversity maintenance, face an increasing threat due to the intensification of these pressures. This study investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of habitat loss for Caiman latirostris populations in Brazil, focusing on the drivers of these changes and their implications for species conservation. Using geoprocessing tools such as Google Earth Engine and MapBiomas, land use patterns between 1985 and 2023 were analyzed for two populations with distinct occurrences. One population, known as the Northeast of the Atlantic Forest (NORMA), spans from the state of Espírito Santo to Sergipe, and the other, known as Fluminense (FLUMI), extends from Rio de Janeiro to Santa Catarina. The results reveal different patterns of pressure on the analyzed populations. The NORMA population experienced a significant loss of 16.42% in "Natural Areas," with agricultural expansion standing out as the primary driver of habitat loss. Additionally, NORMA showed a notable reduction of 8.86% in "Wetlands." In contrast, the FLUMI population exhibited greater stability in its "Natural Areas," with a slight growth of 0.49% and a decrease of 2.33% in "Wetlands." However, both populations face concerning levels of habitat fragmentation, reducing the connectivity of remaining areas, hindering species movement, and compromising gene flow. The study calls for the implementation of new methodological approaches, such as the estimation of Area of Occupancy (AOO) and Extent of Occurrence (EOO), which may contribute to a more detailed assessment of the populations' distribution and vulnerability. The potential of the MapBiomas Água tool is also highlighted, as it enables more accurate analysis of "Wetlands" dynamics and water availability, which are crucial for the conservation of species like C. latirostris that depend on these habitats. The study emphasizes the urgency of public policies and ecological restoration initiatives that consider the specificities of each population
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    Quem dita a regra: Allen, Bergmann ou Gloger?
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-12-17) Lemes, Thamila Barcellos; Costa, Leonora Pires; https://orcid.org/000-0003-2625-3172; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2579577549150613; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-4484; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3749935475198255; Leite, Yuri Luiz Reis ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-8738; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8973606745193293; Ditchfield, Albert David; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9597-1402; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7292063375172411; Dalapicolla, Jeronymo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4819-9720; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0831988373556961; Carmignotto, Ana Paula; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-4397; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0633095503285315; Chiquito, Elisandra de Almeida; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-190X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2320482686534355
    Biogeographic rules are generalizations derived from observations of a group of organisms that are widely extendable to various other taxa, with the aim of providing explanations for the patterns observed. Among the main biogeographical rules, we highlight those of Allen, Bergmann and Gloger, which although well established, have weak empirical support. By investigating whether the conditions stipulated by the proposed model are met, we can uncover factors that influence the adaptation of taxa to environments and the evolution of their phenotypic characteristics. In order to assess the suitability of these rules in Neotropical mammals, we used three species: the agile gracile opossum Gracilinanus agilis, the tapeti Sylvilagus minensis and the crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous. We checked whether there was a relationship between the size of the appendages, body size and brightness of the fur of these species with wet bulb temperature indices and also with the interaction between temperature and relative humidity. The specimens analyzed came from various Brazilian biological collections, ensuring a latitudinally representative sample from different regions and biomes. The morphological measurements came from the tag data, while to quantify coat color, we used a portable sphere spectrophotometer and measured it in CIELAB color space. Preliminary tests were carried out to check for possible influences of sex and collection time on coat color clarity. We used generalized linear models between morphological and environmental variables to validate the rules, as well as other environmental and geographical factors not described in the rule statements. Only C. thous followed the Bergmann rule, while the Allen and Gloger rules were not supported by any of the taxa. We hope to contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying biogeographic rules and their relevance in different ecological contexts, as well as presenting a quantitative methodology for measuring coloration in mammals, allowing for less subjective definitions, necessary for reproducibility and comparative studies
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    Peixes de água doce da ecorregião Mata Atlântica Nordeste, leste do Brasil: biogeogra a, endemismo e conservação
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-25) Guimarães, Felipe Vieira; Soares Filho, Luisa Maria Sarmento; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-1794; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5100696102233268; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9920-9178; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7220219164800659; Loss, Ana Carolina Covre ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-8555; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Polaz, Carla Natacha Marcolino; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3890-3008; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3722828980684272; D Agosta, Fernando Cesar Paiva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7163-296X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5113386475124426; Santos, Alexandre Clistenes de Alcântara; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9435245801239159
    The Northeastern Mata Atlântica, a freshwater hydrographic ecoregion in eastern Brazil, harbors a remarkable diversity of freshwater sh species, most of which are endemic to the region. However, intense anthropogenic impacts on aquatic environments have reduced the availability of resources and habitats essential for these species, making them susceptible to extinction events. In this context, methodologies aimed at elucidating patterns of species distribution and endemism are fundamental for the development of conservation strategies targeting both habitats and species. This study aims to identify patterns of taxonomic diversity, geographic distribution, and endemism of the freshwater ichthyofauna in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion and, based on this information, propose priority areas for species conservation. A database was compiled using data from ichthyological collections, literature, and online repositories. After ltering and cleaning the records, (a) an updated species checklist was created; (b) a biogeographic regionalization analysis was conducted; and (c) priority areas for ichthyofauna conservation were identi ed. A total of 305 native freshwater sh species were identi ed, distributed across seven orders, 27 families, and 103 genera, of which 210 are endemic to the ecoregion. The bioregionalization analysis identi ed four biogeographic units within the ecoregion: the Northern Bioregion, Central Bioregion, Coastal Tablelands Bioregion, and Southern Bioregion. Several species exhibit distributional limits between the Doce and Jequitinhonha basins, while others have the Rio Jequitinhonha as the northern limit of their distribution, suggesting that this basin is an important biogeographic divide for ichthyofauna in eastern Brazil. The species occurrence data were used to identify priority and critical areas for the conservation of the ichthyofauna in the ecoregion. Three area prioritization scenarios were tested, considering 35 threatened species, 118 near-threatened and restricted-range species, and all 153 species. The three scenarios identi ed, out of a total of 728 planning units, 47, 60, and 105 irreplaceable sub-basins for the protection of the ichthyofauna, respectively. In the third scenario, 36 irreplaceable sub-basins were classi ed as critical due to environmental stressors, particularly in the Rio Doce basin. The most signi cant impact on the ichthyofauna in this regard is the loss of vegetation cover, which negatively affects habitat integrity and hydrological regimes. The results also suggest that the current network of protected areas is insuf cient to safeguard most of the target species. This study provides a starting point for establishing new conservation guidelines that effectively consider factors relevant to aquatic organisms
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    Composição, distribuição e estrutura das assembleias de peixes nas regiões estuarinas e marinhas costeiras adjacentes impactadas pelo maior desastre ambiental com mineração do Brasil
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-08-07) Oliveira, Rafael Lima; Condini, Mario Vinicius Lopes ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4917-7782; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112865963464355; Silva, Mauricio Hostim ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5061-9125; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7529427825546114; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-2056; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5215941704013482; Martins, Agnaldo Silva ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2160-1326; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9929035189946817; Moraes, Leonardo Evangelista ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6198-0618; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8326269321397331; Guedes, Ana Paula Penha ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2850-7156; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5528695265409635; Tanner, Susanne ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2225-7002; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0474621874485055
    The growing need to characterize and quantify biodiversity in its multiple dimensions has highlighted the importance of integrating different approaches in studying the relationships of organisms with environmental fluctuations at different spatial and temporal scales. In this context, the present thesis explored different ecological descriptors of fish assemblages and their relationships with local and spatial environmental variables, considering four estuaries and their adjacent coastal marine areas. As the studied estuarine-coastal systems differ considerably in their geomorphological and hydrographic characteristics, we hypothesized that different environmental factors at different scales would influence the ecological descriptors of fish assemblages. In chapter 1, we evaluated the correlation between species richness and density of fish and physicochemical water variables (salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity) using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). The most explanatory models for each response variable (richness and density) included different sets of predictor variables. For species richness, depth and turbidity were included in all the most explanatory models. On the other hand, most environmental variables were retained in the most explanatory models for the response variable density. In chapter 2, we quantified the contribution of sites and species to beta diversity and their relationship with local environmental variables, spatial variables, and fish assemblage metrics. The results indicated that the sites that contributed most to beta diversity variation were the estuarine areas. Variations in site contributions were mainly influenced by salinity, depth, and temperature. In chapter 3, we evaluated the composition and distribution of ecological guilds and their variations across rainy and dry seasons. The general patterns of guild dominance indicated a greater contribution of marine-origin species guilds throughout the systems. Freshwater species guilds contributed more in areas associated with the São Mateus and Doce River estuaries. Throughout the rainy and dry seasons, most of the variability in species abundances was related to losses of individuals, mainly of dominant species. Among the four estuarine-coastal systems evaluated, only Caravelas and Doce River indicated significant seasonal changes, with a dominance of the gain component of individuals in Caravelas and losses of individuals in the Doce River. Finally, in chapter 4, we estimated the length-weight relationship for the species Catathyridium garmani (46 individuals), Pseudauchenipterus affinis (159 individuals), Cathorops arenatus (15 individuals), and Anchoviella brevirostris (83 individuals). All 21 estimates were significant, and new total length values for two species were reported. The results emphasized the influence of local environmental variables on the ecological descriptors of fish assemblages, especially in estuarine areas. On the other hand, the influence of spatial variables also indicates potential sources of environmental variation on broader scales, which can also influence the composition and distribution patterns of the ichthyofauna. Thus, it is important to access estuarine marine gradients at multiple spatial and temporal scales