Doutorado em Biologia Animal

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17508

Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2009
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019). Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Url do curso: https://cienciasbiologicas.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGBAN/detalhes-do-curso?id=56

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    Quem dita a regra: Allen, Bergmann ou Gloger?
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-12-17) Lemes, Thamila Barcellos; Costa, Leonora Pires; https://orcid.org/000-0003-2625-3172; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2579577549150613; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5111-4484; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3749935475198255; Leite, Yuri Luiz Reis ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-8738; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8973606745193293; Ditchfield, Albert David; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9597-1402; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7292063375172411; Dalapicolla, Jeronymo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4819-9720; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0831988373556961; Carmignotto, Ana Paula; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2348-4397; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0633095503285315; Chiquito, Elisandra de Almeida; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2471-190X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2320482686534355
    Biogeographic rules are generalizations derived from observations of a group of organisms that are widely extendable to various other taxa, with the aim of providing explanations for the patterns observed. Among the main biogeographical rules, we highlight those of Allen, Bergmann and Gloger, which although well established, have weak empirical support. By investigating whether the conditions stipulated by the proposed model are met, we can uncover factors that influence the adaptation of taxa to environments and the evolution of their phenotypic characteristics. In order to assess the suitability of these rules in Neotropical mammals, we used three species: the agile gracile opossum Gracilinanus agilis, the tapeti Sylvilagus minensis and the crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous. We checked whether there was a relationship between the size of the appendages, body size and brightness of the fur of these species with wet bulb temperature indices and also with the interaction between temperature and relative humidity. The specimens analyzed came from various Brazilian biological collections, ensuring a latitudinally representative sample from different regions and biomes. The morphological measurements came from the tag data, while to quantify coat color, we used a portable sphere spectrophotometer and measured it in CIELAB color space. Preliminary tests were carried out to check for possible influences of sex and collection time on coat color clarity. We used generalized linear models between morphological and environmental variables to validate the rules, as well as other environmental and geographical factors not described in the rule statements. Only C. thous followed the Bergmann rule, while the Allen and Gloger rules were not supported by any of the taxa. We hope to contribute to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying biogeographic rules and their relevance in different ecological contexts, as well as presenting a quantitative methodology for measuring coloration in mammals, allowing for less subjective definitions, necessary for reproducibility and comparative studies
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    Peixes de água doce da ecorregião Mata Atlântica Nordeste, leste do Brasil: biogeogra a, endemismo e conservação
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-25) Guimarães, Felipe Vieira; Soares Filho, Luisa Maria Sarmento; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8621-1794; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5100696102233268; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9920-9178; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7220219164800659; Loss, Ana Carolina Covre ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8298-8555; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Polaz, Carla Natacha Marcolino; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3890-3008; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3722828980684272; D Agosta, Fernando Cesar Paiva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7163-296X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5113386475124426; Santos, Alexandre Clistenes de Alcântara; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9435245801239159
    The Northeastern Mata Atlântica, a freshwater hydrographic ecoregion in eastern Brazil, harbors a remarkable diversity of freshwater sh species, most of which are endemic to the region. However, intense anthropogenic impacts on aquatic environments have reduced the availability of resources and habitats essential for these species, making them susceptible to extinction events. In this context, methodologies aimed at elucidating patterns of species distribution and endemism are fundamental for the development of conservation strategies targeting both habitats and species. This study aims to identify patterns of taxonomic diversity, geographic distribution, and endemism of the freshwater ichthyofauna in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion and, based on this information, propose priority areas for species conservation. A database was compiled using data from ichthyological collections, literature, and online repositories. After ltering and cleaning the records, (a) an updated species checklist was created; (b) a biogeographic regionalization analysis was conducted; and (c) priority areas for ichthyofauna conservation were identi ed. A total of 305 native freshwater sh species were identi ed, distributed across seven orders, 27 families, and 103 genera, of which 210 are endemic to the ecoregion. The bioregionalization analysis identi ed four biogeographic units within the ecoregion: the Northern Bioregion, Central Bioregion, Coastal Tablelands Bioregion, and Southern Bioregion. Several species exhibit distributional limits between the Doce and Jequitinhonha basins, while others have the Rio Jequitinhonha as the northern limit of their distribution, suggesting that this basin is an important biogeographic divide for ichthyofauna in eastern Brazil. The species occurrence data were used to identify priority and critical areas for the conservation of the ichthyofauna in the ecoregion. Three area prioritization scenarios were tested, considering 35 threatened species, 118 near-threatened and restricted-range species, and all 153 species. The three scenarios identi ed, out of a total of 728 planning units, 47, 60, and 105 irreplaceable sub-basins for the protection of the ichthyofauna, respectively. In the third scenario, 36 irreplaceable sub-basins were classi ed as critical due to environmental stressors, particularly in the Rio Doce basin. The most signi cant impact on the ichthyofauna in this regard is the loss of vegetation cover, which negatively affects habitat integrity and hydrological regimes. The results also suggest that the current network of protected areas is insuf cient to safeguard most of the target species. This study provides a starting point for establishing new conservation guidelines that effectively consider factors relevant to aquatic organisms
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    Composição, distribuição e estrutura das assembleias de peixes nas regiões estuarinas e marinhas costeiras adjacentes impactadas pelo maior desastre ambiental com mineração do Brasil
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-08-07) Oliveira, Rafael Lima; Condini, Mario Vinicius Lopes ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4917-7782; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2112865963464355; Silva, Mauricio Hostim ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5061-9125; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7529427825546114; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0716-2056; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5215941704013482; Martins, Agnaldo Silva ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2160-1326; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9929035189946817; Moraes, Leonardo Evangelista ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6198-0618; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8326269321397331; Guedes, Ana Paula Penha ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2850-7156; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5528695265409635; Tanner, Susanne ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2225-7002; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0474621874485055
    The growing need to characterize and quantify biodiversity in its multiple dimensions has highlighted the importance of integrating different approaches in studying the relationships of organisms with environmental fluctuations at different spatial and temporal scales. In this context, the present thesis explored different ecological descriptors of fish assemblages and their relationships with local and spatial environmental variables, considering four estuaries and their adjacent coastal marine areas. As the studied estuarine-coastal systems differ considerably in their geomorphological and hydrographic characteristics, we hypothesized that different environmental factors at different scales would influence the ecological descriptors of fish assemblages. In chapter 1, we evaluated the correlation between species richness and density of fish and physicochemical water variables (salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, and turbidity) using generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs). The most explanatory models for each response variable (richness and density) included different sets of predictor variables. For species richness, depth and turbidity were included in all the most explanatory models. On the other hand, most environmental variables were retained in the most explanatory models for the response variable density. In chapter 2, we quantified the contribution of sites and species to beta diversity and their relationship with local environmental variables, spatial variables, and fish assemblage metrics. The results indicated that the sites that contributed most to beta diversity variation were the estuarine areas. Variations in site contributions were mainly influenced by salinity, depth, and temperature. In chapter 3, we evaluated the composition and distribution of ecological guilds and their variations across rainy and dry seasons. The general patterns of guild dominance indicated a greater contribution of marine-origin species guilds throughout the systems. Freshwater species guilds contributed more in areas associated with the São Mateus and Doce River estuaries. Throughout the rainy and dry seasons, most of the variability in species abundances was related to losses of individuals, mainly of dominant species. Among the four estuarine-coastal systems evaluated, only Caravelas and Doce River indicated significant seasonal changes, with a dominance of the gain component of individuals in Caravelas and losses of individuals in the Doce River. Finally, in chapter 4, we estimated the length-weight relationship for the species Catathyridium garmani (46 individuals), Pseudauchenipterus affinis (159 individuals), Cathorops arenatus (15 individuals), and Anchoviella brevirostris (83 individuals). All 21 estimates were significant, and new total length values for two species were reported. The results emphasized the influence of local environmental variables on the ecological descriptors of fish assemblages, especially in estuarine areas. On the other hand, the influence of spatial variables also indicates potential sources of environmental variation on broader scales, which can also influence the composition and distribution patterns of the ichthyofauna. Thus, it is important to access estuarine marine gradients at multiple spatial and temporal scales
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    Extreme climate impacts over benthic assemblages and carbon dynamics on tropical mangrove ecosystems : extreme climate impacts on the dynamics of a tropical mangrove ecosystems
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-03-28) Gomes, Luiz Eduardo de Oliveira; Bernardino, Angelo Fraga; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7955326454008127; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7955326454008127; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2735-9625; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6177065313321832; Ferreira, Tiago Osório ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-7457; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7979209848071504; Nóbrega, Gabriel Nuto ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7008-4201; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5874908096941660; Netto, Sergio Antonio ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2486-640X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2448717095256037; Barcellos, Roberto Lima ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1304-4603; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1440986556375674
    The period 2014-2016 was extremely dry in Southeast Brazil, being the historical record, since 1950, for many areas in the region. In parallel, in June 2016, 500 hectares of mangroves in the Piraquê Açú-Mirím estuary were impacted by a hailstorm with wind gusts of more than 100 km/h. Such impact is a snapshot of the climate changes events that are impairing the world. In this sense, this thesis evaluated the effects of climate change on the dynamics of tropical mangroves; highlighting the impacts of extreme climate events on mangrove ecosystem and their functions. The first chapter highlights the reduction of litterfall production of the mangrove forest impacted by the extreme climate events to less than 1/3 compared to unimpacted mangroves. The second chapter evidence the mangrove ecosystem carbon loss related to the damages to forest structure associated to the erosion and/or degradation of soil first meter. In addition, by compiling other studies, this chapter updated the mangrove carbon stock potential to 0.52 Petagram of carbon along their 940,000 hectares distributed along the Brazilian coast, over 2-folds of previously estimated. The third chapter proposes an support carbon service to the traditional carbon stock already considered in nature-based solutions such as ecosystems conservation and restoration. By this, we estimated the annual gain of organic carbon on the soil surface by Brazilian mangroves and compared among pristine mangroves, under effluent pollution, deforested, impacted by drought or flood extreme events. The analyses evidence the potential of the applied proposal to climate mitigation in local-regional scales. Finally, the monitoring of the impacted regions are recommended to assess the effects of climate events on biodiversity and carbon stocks degradation, as well as the development of more efficient mitigation actions
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    Unraveling the Crato Formation's preservation and paleoenvironment through the lens of insect taphonomy
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-05-24) Storari, Arianny Pimentel; Co-orientador1; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador3; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Co-orientador4; ID do co-orientador4; Lattes do co-orientador4; Silva, Taissa Rodrigues Marques da ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7918-1358 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9562316044920852; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3645-3015; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3583792424205138; Erthal, Fernando ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8036-192X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0388654535102859; Araújo Júnior, Hermínio Ismael de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4371-0611; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3215361633678938; Pacheco, Mírian Liza Alves Forancelli ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-2321; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3481327026891705; 4º membro da banca; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 5º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 6º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; 7º membro da banca; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    The Crato Formation (Santana Group, Araripe Basin, Brazil) is a well-known Konservat Lagerstätte that preserves a great number of various insect taxa that are exceptionally well preserved both in micro and macro scales. This unit represents a lacustrine paleoenvironment, and therefore, is also important for the study of aquatic insects and their interaction with this past environment. To date, only a few investigations have analyzed the general insect taphonomy of the Crato Formation so far, yet none used actualistic data, which we apply in the third chapter of the thesis. The first part of this thesis consists of a published paper containing the first detailed description of fossilized proventriculi from nine Grylloidea (Orthoptera: Ensifera) specimens of the Crato Formation. Based on the morphological and preservational signatures of the specimens, we bring new morphological data to explore the differences among extinct and extant taxa, that gives insight into the evolution and physiological development of Orthoptera, but mostly, about their exceptional preservation in this unit. The second part of this thesis presents a manuscript with the results on preservational modes of mayflies (Ephemeroptera) and crickets (Orthoptera) of the Crato Formation. We also present the modes of preservation of mayflies from the Solnhofen limestones (Upper Jurassic, Germany) for comparison. The majority of Crato specimens have several conserved external and internal microfeatures, and are preserved by replacement of the cuticle and of internal organs by iron oxides after pyritization, while the Solnhofen fossils are 11 preserved as impressions. In most Solnhofen fossils, their micron-scale morphology is obliterated by coarse mineral growth of calcite crystals. In general, Solnhofen fossils are complete, fully articulated, but with no submicron-scale replication of both external and internal morphology, and are extremely poorly preserved if compared to the insects of the Crato Formation. Lastly, the third manuscript presented in this thesis brings the results of experiments performed to determine the nature of the taphonomic processes and patterns which caused the state of preservation seen in the larvae of mayflies and dragonflies and adult mayflies preserved in the Crato Formation. Our results with experimentation show indications that carcasses of larval Hexagenitidae suffered little disturbance, typical of an autochthonous assemblage. We also noticed that adult fossil specimens with signs of longer decay time were extremely rare. The fossil dragonflies analyzed are preserved in a characteristic position that indicates minimal transport after death, which we find out after experiments with modern larvae. Data on disarticulation also suggest that the dragonfly gomphid larvae were not transported for long distances. Finally, our experiments have shown that when small insects, such as mayflies, die in sub-aerial conditions, there are few possibilities of overcoming the surface tension and sink. Thus, we believe microbial biofilms on the surface of the water were acting during carcass sinking in the Crato Formation