Peixes de água doce da ecorregião Mata Atlântica Nordeste, leste do Brasil: biogeogra a, endemismo e conservação
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Data
2025-02-25
Autores
Guimarães, Felipe Vieira
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The Northeastern Mata Atlântica, a freshwater hydrographic ecoregion in eastern Brazil, harbors a remarkable diversity of freshwater sh species, most of which are endemic to the region. However, intense anthropogenic impacts on aquatic environments have reduced the availability of resources and habitats essential for these species, making them susceptible to extinction events. In this context, methodologies aimed at elucidating patterns of species distribution and endemism are fundamental for the development of conservation strategies targeting both habitats and species. This study aims to identify patterns of taxonomic diversity, geographic distribution, and endemism of the freshwater ichthyofauna in the Northeastern Mata Atlântica ecoregion and, based on this information, propose priority areas for species conservation. A database was compiled using data from ichthyological collections, literature, and online repositories. After ltering and cleaning the records, (a) an updated species checklist was created; (b) a biogeographic regionalization analysis was conducted; and (c) priority areas for ichthyofauna conservation were identi ed. A total of 305 native freshwater sh species were identi ed, distributed across seven orders, 27 families, and 103 genera, of which 210 are endemic to the ecoregion. The bioregionalization analysis identi ed four biogeographic units within the ecoregion: the Northern Bioregion, Central Bioregion, Coastal Tablelands Bioregion, and Southern Bioregion. Several species exhibit distributional limits between the Doce and Jequitinhonha basins, while others have the Rio Jequitinhonha as the northern limit of their distribution, suggesting that this basin is an important biogeographic divide for ichthyofauna in eastern Brazil. The species occurrence data were used to identify priority and critical areas for the conservation of the ichthyofauna in the ecoregion. Three area prioritization scenarios were tested, considering 35 threatened species, 118 near-threatened and restricted-range species, and all 153 species. The three scenarios identi ed, out of a total of 728 planning units, 47, 60, and 105 irreplaceable sub-basins for the protection of the ichthyofauna, respectively. In the third scenario, 36 irreplaceable sub-basins were classi ed as critical due to environmental stressors, particularly in the Rio Doce basin. The most signi cant impact on the ichthyofauna in this regard is the loss of vegetation cover, which negatively affects habitat integrity and hydrological regimes. The results also suggest that the current network of protected areas is insuf cient to safeguard most of the target species. This study provides a starting point for establishing new conservation guidelines that effectively consider factors relevant to aquatic organisms
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Áreas prioritárias , Bacias , Biodiversidade , Biorregionalização , Espécies ameaçadas , Ictiofauna , Basins , Biodiversity , Bioregionalization , Ichthyofauna , Priority areas , Threatened species