Biotecnologia

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Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia

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Activity of prokaryotic communities from offshore oil reservoir and their adaptation to high hydrostatic pressure
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-02-15) Santos, Luiza Favarato; Fernandes, Patricia Machado Bueno; https://orcid.org/0000000326953638; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2441925791593067; https://orcid.org/0000000173409358; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1217579607633423; Fernandes, Antonio Alberto Ribeiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-9349; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4696507759154477; Santos, Alexandre Martins Costa; https://orcid.org/0000000288018875; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4144105396879016; Rodrigues, Silas Pessini; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8672-3626; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9067991933812274; Paula, Flavia de; https://orcid.org/0000000186792982; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7913201450663683; Biasi, Ronaldo Sergio de
Deep-sea microbes comprise a significant portion of Earth’s biomass, but they are still poorly studied. Although the subseafloor is an oligotrophic, anoxic, dark, and pressurized environment, life still thrives in such kind of environment. In this work, three samples collected 100 m, 3,060 m, and 6,000 m deep in the Brazilian coast were investigated by analysis of 16S rRNA. A difference was found in the biological diversity between these communities at the genus level. The three communities had acid-producing bacteria and sulfate-reducing bacteria, but only the community from 3,060 m deep had a methanogenic archaeon. From the 6,000 m deep sample was isolated a bacterium of the Halanaerobium genus. Two important variables for the environment and offshore industries, bacterial survival, and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) production under high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) were investigated. Cell survival and H2S production were affected by HHP. In the case of the 3,060 m bacteria, population and H2S production increase with increasing pressure, while for the 100 m bacteria, population is stable with increasing pressure but H2S production decreases. The results show the importance of studying the influence of pressure on bacterial growth and H2S production to define strategies to mitigate economic losses arising from activities in marine environments.
Alta pressão hidrostática como ferramenta de seleção direcionada em S. cerevisiae para produção de etanol 2g pela casca de coco verde
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-03-11) Santos, Luiza Favarato; Fernandes, Patricia Machado Bueno; Santos, Alexandre Martins Costa; Torres, Fernando Araripe Gonçalves
The green coconut shell is a pollutant residue of the environment generated to tons in Brazil and that brings several environmental problems in its disposal. Therefore, using it for the production of renewable energy is an important sustainable solution for the mitigation of the environmental impact and for the generation of energy. Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae represents one of the microorganisms most used in the fermentation industries for the production of biofuels from lignocellulolytic residues. There are already on the market strains of this yeast capable of degrading lignocellulolytic residues, which have been developed to increase the yield of the process, making it feasible financially on an industrial scale. The high pressure hydrostatic (HHP) is a tool that simulates three types of different stresses in the yeast: the ethyl, the thermal and the oxidative, which are very common in fermentation dornas. In addition, studies have shown that fermentation occurs more rapidly when the yeast is under HHP. Therefore, HHP can be used as a targeted selection tool to obtain a strain with higher fermentation capacity and greater resistance to fermentation stresses, increasing the yield of the process. The aim of this work was to apply a selective pressure to the S. cerevisiae strain G2-104 using high hydrostatic pressure in order to obtain a strain with a higher fermentation capacity in green coconut shell culture medium, to increase the yield of the second generation ethanol production process.
Alterações na atividade fotossintética em folhas do mamoeiro ‘Golden’ infectadas com PMeV, detectadas por meio da fluorescência da clorofila a
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-07-13) Hernández, Karla Verónica Alvarado; Silva, Diolina Moura; Moura, Andrea Bittencourt; Ventura, José Aires; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph
Papaya (Carica papaya l.) is one of the most consumed fruits in the world due to its nutritional, pharmaceutical and use in the food and cosmetic industry. In Brazil, the second producer of papaya in the world, the production has been severely affected by meleira, disease which is caused by the complex of Papaya meleira virus (PMeV and PMeV2). In order to analyze the changes in photosynthetic activity in 'Golden' papaya leaves infected and not infected by PMeV, the experiment was carried out in which three groups of plants were evaluated: Control, without inoculation; Inoculated with sodium phosphate buffer (Treatment = ↓ [𝑃𝑀𝑒𝑉2]) and inoculated with sodium phosphate buffer and latex harvested from plants with meleira symptoms (Treatment = ↑[PMeV2]). The chlorophyll a fluorescence technique was used as a tool. There was a significant increase in quantum photochemical energy conversion in photosystem II (Y (II)) and an increase in the quantum yield of the regulated non-photochemical energy loss (Y (NPQ)) in the inoculated plants. At the same time, transient fluorescence curves showed greater efficiency in the reduction of the primary (Quinone A) and secondary (Quinone B) acceptors of electrons in photosystem II and greater efficiency of reduction of the plastoquinone pool and, consequently, greater efficiency in the reduction of acceptors of the Citb6f complex. The presence of two PMeV viruses and PMeV2 confirmed the presence of two PMeV viruses. A higher photochemical performance index (PItotal) was observed in the plants with the highest viral load from the 35th day after inoculation (DAI), and at 49 DAI, an increase in the reduction activity of photosystem I and PItotal was observed in plants with higher viral load and intermediate values in plants with lower viral load. These results suggest a defensive response of papaya cv. Golden to infection and confirm the presence of the two viruses, PMeV and PMeV2. Therefore, this technique proved to be a tool with great potential as a simple and fast method to study the interaction plant x pathogen and as the mechanisms of virus infection in plants and could also be used to detect the changes in photosynthetic activity in papaya infected with PMeV and PMeV2.
Alterações na parede celular e no metabolismo energético de Saccharomyces cerevisiae submetida à alta pressão hidrostática
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-20) Carneiro, Tárcio; Fernandes, Patrícia Machado Bueno; Fernandes, Antonio Alberto Ribeiro; Santos, Alexandre Martins Costa; Zingali, Russolina Benedeta
Yeasts are one of the most important organisms in the processes of industrial biotechnology. Its great fermentative capacity and considered as a genetically safe organism, made this organism one of the first to be domesticated by the human being. Among its applications are not only its products generated from the fermentation, but also its cell itself, which moves a market ranging from organic yeast to yeast paste for human consumption. Understanding not only the fermentative process, but also the respiratory process are necessary. The production processes in which the yeasts are employed expose them to abiotic stresses of different types, such as temperature variation, pH, salinity and others. High hydrostatic pressure is now an important methodology in the study of its effects on the cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, acting as a model of stress. The understanding of this phenomenon on cells has helped not only to understand the processes of response to stress, but also its use as an important tool in industrial application. Atomic force microscopy, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and microarray data were used to characterize the effects of high hydrostatic pressure on the cell wall of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and its energy metabolism. For the production of the experiments, BT0510 cells were submitted to high hydrostatic pressure (50 to 200 MPa) for 30 minutes and then analyzed by atomic force microscopy and in another experiment the cells were subjected to a pressure of 50MPa for 30 minutes and facing to agitation. The results showed the appearance of resistance bands in the cell wall at pressures of 100, 150 and 200 MPa, indicating possible fracture points, which leads to lesions that compromise its viability. At pressures of 50MPa the variation of the resistance of the cell wall resembles the control, which shows that this pressure is of sublethal character, not interfering so expressively in the cellular mortality. The response to 50 MPa treatment was then analyzed in the long term by HPLC, with collection points at 1, 2, 3, 4, 12, 36 and 60 hours after application of pressure. The results show high affinity with microarray generated data, where the cells increase the rate of glucose consumption in the fermentative phase (1 to 12 hours) as well as higher ethanol production. The cells also showed a greater efficiency in the ethanol metabolism which generated an increase in the cell mass in the cells treated with pressure. It was demonstrated that high hydrostatic 6 pressure has industrial application in cellular mass acquisition processes as in the production of biological yeast, thus showing the biotechnological capacity of the use of this stress mechanism and generating the deposit of the patent "Process for the increase of cellular mass in yeasts using high hydrostatic pressures ".
Análise da composição química e da atividade antibacteriana e antifúngica de clones de Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-03-01) Moraes, Rodrigo; Ventura, Jose Aires; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1422-1739 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8687116881326074 ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9175-4825; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0598172220327707; Santos, Alexandre Martins Costa; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-8875; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4144105396879016; Endringer, Denise Coutinho; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9396-2097; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6424432214565576; Kuster, Ricardo Machado; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8961-5348; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4149814906786366; França, Hildegardo Seibert ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6129-8793; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1284874997224988
Aroeira (Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi) is included in the Brazilian List of Essential Medicines due to its potential to generate bioactive compounds, including those with antimicrobial properties. The occurrence of antimicrobial resistance increases health care costs, length of stay in hospitals, morbidity, and mortality. WHO has published a list of antibiotic-resistant “priority pathogens” to guide and promote research, development, and innovation of new antibiotics including those that may combat oxacillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Fungi of the genus Fusarium are important pathogens for plants, humans, and animals, in addition to producing mycotoxins in food, with a great lack of new molecules that can be used for their control. This research sought to characterize the phytochemical profile of polar and non-polar extracts of mature fruits of four Aroeira clones and their antimicrobial activity against oxaxilin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and the fungus Fusarium guttiforme. The extracts of all aroeira clones showed antimicrobial activity for bacteria and fungus, varying according to the clone and solvent used. Polar extracts showed greater antifungal and antibacterial activity, being more active on Gram-positive bacteria. The antifungal and antibacterial activity varied according to the evaluated clone. Clone BAAr 5 showed greater antibacterial activity while clones BAAr 5 and BAAr 8 had greater antifungal activity. The Aroeira clones showed similarity in the chromatographic profile by HPLC. It was possible to observe a greater relative number of peaks in clone BAAr 5 when extracted using a hydroethanolic solvent. The chromatogram of the hexane extracts showed a greater diversity of peaks. There was a greater abundance of sesquiterpenes compared to monoterpenes when the samples were evaluated in GC-MS. Spectrometry using ESI(-)FT-ICR MS identified the presence of 29 ions, between m/z 195 and m/z 925 in the polar extracts of the clones. Twenty-four ions were observed in clone BAAr 5, 20 in clone BAAr 8, 23 in clone BAAr9 and 17 in clone BAAr 23. Although the clones were grown under the same edaphoclimatic conditions, they showed variation in antimicrobial activity and bioactive compounds identified. It is suggested that the commercial use of Aroeira should come from selected and cloned plants that present the desired characteristics
Análise da excitabilidade e conectividade cortical para um sistema de neurorreabilitação baseado em interface-cérebro máquina e monociclo robótico
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-06-29) Cardoso, Vivianne Flávia; Bastos Filho, Teodiano Freire; https://orcid.org/0000000211852773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761585497791105; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1654-3320; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1122896995621553; Nogueira, Breno Valentim; https://orcid.org/0000000221990635; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0011229320439147; Andrade, Adriano de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5689-6606; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1229329519982110; Caldeira, Eliete Maria de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3742-0952; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8508979665054143; Frizera Neto, Anselmo; https://orcid.org/0000000206873967; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8928890008799265; Rodriguez, Denis Delisle; https://orcid.org/000000028937031X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7140331839822423
Recently, studies on cycling-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have been standing out due to their potential for lower-limb recovery. In this scenario, the behavior of the sensory motor rhythms and the brain connectivity present themselves as source of information that can contribute to interpret the cortical effect of these technologies. This study aims to analyze how motor sensory rhythms and the cortical connectivity behave when volunteers command a reactive motor imagery (MI) BCI that provides passive pedaling feedback. Eight healthy subjects performed pedaling MI to command an Electroencephalography (EEG) based BCI with motorized pedal to receive passive movements as feedback. The EEG data were analyzed under the following four conditions: resting, MI calibration, MI online and receiving passive pedaling (online phase). Most subjects produced around Cz, corresponding to the foot area significant event-related desynchronization (ERD) patterns around Cz, when performing MI and receiving passive pedaling. The sharpest decrease was found for low β band (13 – 22 Hz). The connectivity results revealed an exchange of information between supplementary motor area (SMA) and parietal regions during MI and passive pedaling. Findings point the primary motor cortex activation for most participants and the connectivity between SMA and parietal regions during pedaling MI and passive pedaling.
Análise da expressão dos genes relacionados à parede celular e a membrana plasmática de Saccharomyces cerevisiae em resposta a alta pressão hidrostática
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-02-28) Souza, Diego Trindade de; Fernandes, Patrícia Machado Bueno; Masuda, Cláudio Akio; Guimarães, Marco César Cunegundes; Bravim, Fernanda
The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiaehas received much attention for its applications in the biotechnology industry. However, during these processes, yeasts are exposed to many different types of stress. Knowing the mechanisms S. cerevisiaeuses to respond to these stresses is essential for obtaining higher yields in the industrial sector. High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is a stress that exerts a broad effect on S. cerevisiae, interfering with cell membranes, cellular architecture, and various biochemical processes. In this study, we used the microarray technique to investigate the influence of HHP on genes related to the cell wall and plasma membrane. For this, cells from BT0605 strain were subjected to hydrostatic pressure of 50 MPa for 30 min, and then incubated at ambient pressure for 5, 10 and 15 min.The microarray results clearly demonstrated that of the genes involved in biogenesis of the cell wall, those which are related to protection were readily activated by high pressure, whilst the genes involved in cell wall structure required 5 minutes on the ambient pressure to be induced.
Análise da expressão temporal de genes relacionados ao metabolismo de Saccharomyces cerevisiae em resposta ao estresse por alta pressão hidrostática
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-02-29) Silva, Lucas Ferreira da; Fernandes, Patrícia Machado Bueno; Masuda, Cláudio Akio; Louro, Iuri Drummond
Living organisms maintain a complex internal balance, which enables them to optimise their growth and metabolism. However, fluctuations in environmental conditions can affect this balance. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a unicellular, eukaryote model organism. The biotechnological processes it is used for include the production of bread, cheese, alcohol, drugs and pharmaceuticals. From a physiological standpoint, all these processes affect the normal operation of the cell and it is extremely important to study the molecular mechanisms that provide protection against these stressful situations. One of the models used to study stress is high hydrostatic pressure (HHP), which is known to cause morphological and metabolic changes in yeast. Several studies have demonstrated that the expression pattern of genes from yeast submitted to high hydrostatic pressure shows a complex profile, including genes related to oxidative, osmotic, and heat protection.
Análise da fibrose do tecido adiposo de mulheres submetidas à abdominoplastia e cirurgia bariátrica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-10-28) Castro, Eduardo José Passamai de; Errera, Flávia Imbroisi Valle; Nogueira, Breno Valentim; Nahas, Fábio Xefran
Fibrosis is an exceeding accumulation of extracellular matrix, resulting from an unbalance between the synthesis and degradation of its components. It is associated with the metabolic alterations in the adipose tissue, however, its occurrence in the different deposits and clinical repercussions are not yet fully understood. The study aims at assessing fibrosis in the adipose tissue regarding the presence of obesity, location of the deposit [subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue (SAAT) and the visceral one (VAT)] and its association with clinical variables. Samples of fat from SAAT and VAT were obtained from 21 women undergoing bariatric surgery (IMC>40kg/m²) and 25 VAT samples from the ones undergoing abdominoplasty (IMV<30kg/m²). The samples were processed for conventional histology. The red stain picrosirius was used to evaluate the total collagen fibers. The pictures obtained were analyzed in ADIPOSOFT®. The fibrosis percentage found in SAAT and VAT were analyzed through non-parametric static tests, using the value of p<0,05. SAAT amount present was bigger in women with obesity (p<0.0006). The fibroses between the deposits of SAAT and VAT was only observed among mulatto and black women with obesity (p<0,012). The amount of fibrosis in SAAT was not correlated to the variable clinics in women without obesity. However, with the ones undergoing bariatric surgery, it was observed correlations of fibrosis in SAAT with body mass index (BMI), glycated hemoglobin (A1c), LDL, triglycerides; and in VAT with the percentage of preoperative fat loss, percentage of total fat loss, percentage of pre lean mass, Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) and Basal Energetic Consumption (BEC). The metabolic parameters and the anthropometric profile of the bariatric surgery were associated to the fibrosis in SAAT, while the post-surgery parameters were associated to the fibrosis in VAT.
Análise da influência de polimorfismos do gene CYP1B1 materno na idade gestacional de nascimento : uma correlação clínica e molecular
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-04-20) Santos, Jéssica Aflávio dos; Louro, Iúri Drumond; Carvalho, Elizeu Fagundes de; Santos, Marcelo dos
Currently, both prematurity and births occurring in the late preterm and in the early term have been highlighted by their negative influence on infant mortality and morbidity. Several risk factors have been associated with decreased gestational age at birth. Environmental risk factors include cigarette smoking, excessive alcohol intake, ethnicity, weight and maternal age. Regarding genetic factors, genetic polymorphisms involved in oxidative stress and xenobiotics metabolism have been strongly associated with preterm birth. This may generate oxidative stress, considered a primary etiological factor for preterm birth because it can cause a compromised placenta. This is the case of the CYP1B1 gene, which also plays an important role in the estrogen synthesis, one of the most important hormones in pregnancy maintenance. The action of the enzyme CYP1B1 may result in the production of reactive and carcinogenic compounds due to the preferential hydroxylation of 17β-estradiol at the 4-hydroxy position. The polymorphisms rs10012, rs1056827, rs1056836 were selected for this work because they are associated with variations in this enzyme activity. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the possible influence of these polymorphisms, as well as clinical data and maternal life habits in gestational age at birth. For such, a prospective cohort study was carried out with pregnant women from the Santo Antônio de Jesus city, in State of Bahia, Brazil. Mothers were followed during gestation, delivery and puerperium between 2009 and 2016. Maternal characteristics and habits were obtained through standardized questionnaires. Genotyping was performed from blood samples from pregnant women with TaqMan® assays using the Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. Pregnant women who delivered in the initial full-term period had higher mean maternal age and pre-gestational Body Mass Index (BMI) than the preterm and full-term periods. Pre-gestational BMI intervals, race, smoking, and alcoholic showed no significant association with gestational age at birth. A significant correlation was detected between the SNP rs1056836 and the maternal age and the pre-gestational BMI. None of the other analyzed variables showed a significant association with any of the other polymorphisms. Non direct association was detected between any of the analyzed polymorphisms and gestational age at birth. From the results obtained by this work, a possible relationship of the CYP1B1 gene with the gestational age at birth can not be ruled out. Subsequent studies should analyze the possible association of these polymorphisms with gestational age at birth in other ethnic groups, as well as carry out more extensive investigations including other genes and polymorphisms, as well as prematurity environmental risk factors.
Análise da presença de dano inespecífico mediado por células T CD8 no pulmão de pacientes com COVID-19
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-08-12) Lopes, Paola de Oliveira; Gomes, Daniel Claúdio de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/3965075540969796; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3965075540969796; https://orcid.org/000000031062694X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4015688614833025; Pereira, Fausto Edmundo Lima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4065537941002091; Gonçalves, Ricardo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5656733095894626
Patients who develop more severe symptoms of COVID-19 often present an acute inflammatory lung injury characterized by the presence of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The lung epithelium is related to the presence of immune system cells with high inflammatory activity, mediated by cytokines production and cytotoxicity. Senescent cells accumulate in tissues during ageing, chronic stimulatory processes and infections. These cells present phenotypic and functional disorders, resulting in the inability to control pathogens, as well as tissue pathogenesis mediated through intense inflammatory activity. The latter favours the acquisition of natural killer cell receptors (NKRs) on CD8 T cells, and their ligands (NKRL) and other cell populations. In this work, using immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence techniques using p16, we evaluated the presence of senescent cells in the lung injury of patients with fatal COVID-19. Our analyzes demonstrate diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) with intense inflammatory exudate in the intra-alveolar and interseptal regions. Compared to healthy controls, patients with COVID-19 showed an intense cellular inflammatory infiltrate, with an accumulation of CD8 T cells and senescent alveolar macrophages (CD68+). Complementary analyzes in patients' lungs demonstrate the presence of cells expressing the MICA/B ligand, which was significantly more associated with macrophages. Interesting, no differential expression was seen in lung epithelial cells (AE1AE3). The presence of cells expressing the NK cell receptor (NKG2D) was determined in the lung lesion, however, compared to healthy controls, we did not find its expression associated with infiltrating CD8 T lymphocytes. This suggests that possible damage mediated by nonspecific antigen activation of CD8 T cells may be mediated by other NK cell ligands. The results of this work contribute to a better understanding of the participation of senescence and the activity of NKRs expressed by senescent T cells in the immunopathogenesis of COVID-19.
Análise da relação entre depressão e hábito tabagista na metilação do gene BDNF
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-07-07) Quaioto, Bárbara Risse; Silva, Adriana Madeira Alvares da; https://orcid.org/0000000280780304; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6445492335035108; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3062-7619; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7948833367111238; Arantes, Lidia Maria Rebolho Batista; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8230-1218; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2019308149950531; Hollais, André Willian; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2991-8646; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0068789063590867
Depression is one of the most common diseases between the cause of global inability, with millions of people affected. It is a heterogeneous and complex disease, which involves several risk factors. Although there is no single theory to explain its development, studies suggest a relationship with lower levels of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). In this sense, BDNF gene methylation, influenced by environmental factors, may be involved. It is known that individuals with depression are frequently smokers and it has already been demonstrated that changes in BDNF protein levels can occur due to tobacco use. However, the investigation of tobacco effect on BDNF gene methylation has not yet been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between depression, smoking and BDNF gene methylation levels. To that end, a cross-sectional study was carried out with individuals assisted by the SUS primary health care network in the municipality of Alegre – ES. Data collection was performed using a socioeconomic, health and lifestyle assessment questionnaire, as well as anthropometric and depression assessment, using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). In addition, blood was collected for genomic DNA extraction and posterior methylation analysis. According to the Poisson regression, the highest prevalence of depression in the sample was explained by the female gender, not having a marriage bond, lack of leisure activities, smoking and BDNF methylation. Mann-Whitney and Generalized Linear Model analysis showed that depressed patients had higher levels of methylation, as well as non-smokers. As demonstrated by the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Dunn's posthoc test, smoking habit reduces BDNF methylation levels in depressed individuals, but not in non-depressed individuals. These results provide support for depression prevention policies. Furthermore, the data contribute to the understanding of the pathophysiology and diagnosis molecular of depression, involving the BDNF gene. Additionally, the results expose the need to assess the influence of smoking habit in studies on epigenetic changes in depression.
Análise de EEG de pacientes pós-AVC: comparativo de movimento real de membro inferior e imaginação motora
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-09-16) Ferreira, Matheus Modolo; Bastos Filho, Teodiano Freire; https://orcid.org/0000000211852773; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761585497791105; Caldeira, Eliete Maria de Oliveira; Rodriguez, Denis Delisle; https://orcid.org/000000028937031X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7140331839822423
Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA) affects thousands of people around the world, consequently bringing motor and visual damage, speech difficulties and other damage. It is known that the voluntary movement of the limbs reflects in a cerebral activation mainly on the cerebral motor cortex that can be captured by electroencephalogram (EEG) electrodes, however, similarly, an increase in cortical activity is also noticed during Motor Imagination activities ( IM) situation where the individual just thinks about the movement without actually performing it. This research used data from two patients from the Centro de Reabilitação Física do Espírito Santo (CREFES) who suffered a stroke to participate in the MI and active pedaling tests. The data were submitted to filtering through the Fast Fourier Transform, from the English Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Common Average Reference, from the English Common Average Reference (CAR), after the data were analyzed by Matlab software to determine the Relative Power (PR ). The results of the PR evaluation were compared during the active pedaling and IM task for each research participant, analyzing the alpha (8 to 12 Hz), low beta (13 to 22 Hz) and high beta (23 to 30 Hz) bands. ). The similarity ratio between active pedaling and MI reached 85.6% for one of the analyses, demonstrating levels of brain activation during MI similar to active pedaling
Análise de fatores de virulência relacionados à adesão e ao fenótipo de variante de pequenas colônias em cepas de Staphylococcus aureus isoladas de infecção óssea maxilofacial
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-12-21) Soares, Dalliane Oliveira; Zeidler, Sandra Lucia Ventorin Von; https://orcid.org/0000000288975747; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5785612863130498; https://orcid.org/0000000217320727; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3592172172976425; Gomes, Daniel Claudio de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0663-0981; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3965075540969796; Santos, Andre Luis Souza dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0821-8592; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1705068704334079
Osteomyelitis is an infectious disease that affects bone tissue and has the most frequent etiologic agent Staphylococcus aureus. Osteomyelitis in the maxillofacial region has a significant impact on oral health in developing countries, has high morbidity, low cure rates and often the need for multiple surgeries that can lead to deformations and chronic sequelae, compromising the quality of life of patients, in addition to high hospital cost. Thus, this study is important, as it is proposed to elucidate some mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of maxillofacial osteomyelitis. The aim of this study was to compare strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from maxillofacial osteomyelitis and asymptomatic nasal carriers for the detection of virulence genes associated with the expression of type I collagen#binding adhesives (cna) and sialoprotein (bbp), in addition to ability to form the SCVs phenotype (small colony variants). Twelve strains of S. aureus were analyzed, isolated from maxillofacial osteomyelitis and 6 from asymptomatic nasal carriers. For bacterial identification, phenotypic tests were used, such as: morphotintorial analysis, coagulase test, catalase and fermentation in mannitol agar. Selective pressure with the use of gentamicin antibiotic was used to identify the SCVs phenotype and amplify the adhesin genes cna and bbp using the PCR technique. Our results showed that virulence genes associated with the expression of adhesins bbp and cna were not determinants for the establishment of bone infections considering the analyzed strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from maxillofacial osteomyelitis and asymptomatic nasal carriers, suggesting that other mechanisms are involved in this process, as the manifestation of the SCV phenotype, which has shown to play an important role in the establishment and persistence of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis.
Análise de ministr's em impressões digitais depositadas em suportes variados
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-06-24) Vieira, Carolina Mayumi; Louro, Iúri Drumond; Paneto, Greiciane Gaburro; Rave, Cintia Fridman; Schuenck, Ricardo Pinto
The human fingerprint identification is a simple, fast and economical method. However, blurred prints deposited on rough surfaces constitute a challenge because of the loss of details. The development methods are insufficient to allow the analysis of the fingerprint, as observed points may be blurred or damaged. With the advances in DNA genotyping technology, small amounts of biological material such as a dozen cells can yield a complete DNA profile and be of great help in criminal investigations. In this context, fingerprints, previously only analyzed from the lophoscopic aspect, can now have a genetic approach. The use of MiniSTR 's combined with an increase in the number of PCR cycles can improve the detection of DNA in samples with degraded and/or limited amount of DNA. When investigating a crime scene, the forensic expert should keep in mind there is no hierarchy among evidence and every vestige should be analyzed considering its feasibility and effectiveness in generating proof.
Análise de mutações em formas recessivas de pacientes com osteogênese imperfeita do Espírito Santo : comparação de metodologias
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-02-17) Quirino, Geise de Aguiar; Paula, Flavia de; Errera, Flavia Imbroisi Valle; Bortolini, Eliete Rabi
Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a genetic desease characterized by patient s bone fragility and deformity, in which severity ranges from a barely detectable connective tissue disorder to lethality in the perinatal period. The diversity of clinical variability in patients is caused by the different location or type of mutations in one of the ten genes related with the disease. This wide clinical variability difficults the perfect clinical diagnoses, due to that the use of molecular biology techniques becomes necessary to obtain a correct diagnoses and for genotype: phenotype correlation. One of the relevant genes associated with recessive forms of OI is the LEPRE-1 gene, responsible for encoding the prolyl 3 hidroxylase 1 protein. This protein and two others are components of the complex responsible for pro-collagen alfa 1 chains 3 prolyl hydroxylation. The target of this research was to analyze the LEPRE-1 gene in eight non consanguineous patients clinically diagnosed as severe Osteogenesis Imperfecta suggestive of autossomic recessive heritage by DNA sequencing of exons 1, 3, 5, 6 and 14 of the gene. In addition, the data obtained was used to analyze the efficiency of the SSCP technique by comparing the results between screening for mutations methodologies and gene sequencing methodologies. On exon 6, for instance, a mutation in one patient was found: a heterozygose base change (c.1087A>G / p.Lys363Glu), consequently, lysine was produced instead of glutamic acid. On the other exons, there was no mutation found on the patients chosen. All the results obtained in this research were compatible with datas generated by SSCP and suggest high efficient of SSCP technique for LEPRE-1 gene to recessive cases of Osteogenesis Imperfecta
Análise de um sistema de reabilitação para membros superiores utilizando ambiente de realidade virtual baseado em Kinect e sEMG
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-02-29) Cardoso, Vivianne Flavia; Frizera Neto, Anselmo; Bastos Filho, Teodiano Freire; Nogueira, Breno Valentim; Ferreira, André; Andrade, Adriano de Oliveira
Impaired motor function appears as one of the most common symptoms stroke. When the upper limbs are affected, carrying out daily activities is compromised. The recent developments in the field of rehabilitation are exercises in virtual reality environment (RV). Another method used for rehabilitation of the upper limbs of patients after stroke is the EMG biofeedback. Through this biofeedback, the myoelectric signals from the muscle are converted into visual and audio information that allows the patient to control and regulate muscle activity. The objective of this work is to design and evaluate a new form of rehabilitation by biofeedback using RV and surface electromyography (sEMG) to complement conventional therapy upper limb post-stroke patients. The system was developed in accordance with the requirements in the design phase and design, considering the patient's functional limitations, residual skills, a motivating environment and ease of use. He is able to provide feedback of sEMG, the result (through the score in the game) and the angle described. The three games developed, aims to motivate the patient to perform elbow extension movements and meet the principles of motor learning. To develop and evaluate the system experiments were conducted with individuals without motor or neurological involvement. Analyzing the graph obtained by the myoelectric signal filtered and rectified is possible to observe a co-contraction of Bícpes Brachial (BB) and Trícpes Brachial (TB). When we analyze the results of feedback, the data show that and were not found significas differences (p = 0.9216) when playing with the dominant arm (BD) versus non-dominant (BND). However a significant difference is observed when comparing both arms versus BD (BD / BND) and p = 0.0003 vs. BND BD / BND, p = 0.0018. The results of the evaluations through the System Usability Scale (SUS), in the experiments of stage 2 (E2) was ± 81.4; SD ± 3.4 and stage 3 for participants (E3 / P) ± 82.5; SD ± 14.3 and rehabilitation professionals (E3 / PR) ± 81.1; SD ± 7.4). In Goal Attainment Scale (GAS), E2 was ± 73.3; SD ± 2.7; E3 / P ± 72.2; SD ± 6.1 and E3 / PR ± 73.5; SD ± 2.7. The results show good acceptance of the system by the users, and that the objectives expected during the use of the system have been achieved.
Análise de variantes nos genes ACE1 e LRP1 e sua associação com a doença de Alzheimer na Grande Vitória/ES : potenciais biomarcadores genéticos para diagnóstico complementar
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-26) Lopes, Victor Alves; Paula, Flávia de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8679-2982; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7913201450663683; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1332-6079; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1133525392804189; Errera, Flavia Imbroisi Valle; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8069-6372; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9337327437538048; Maranduba, Carlos Magno da Costa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7327-1934; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4763153859701731
The accelerated aging of the Brazilian population has contributed to the increasing prevalence of chronic diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a multifactorial condition involving complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. This study aimed to analyze genetic variants in the ACE1 (INDEL rs4646994) and LRP1 genes and their association with AD in a population from Greater Vitória, Espírito Santo, to identify potential genetic biomarkers for complementary diagnosis. A cross-sectional, analytical, and observational study was conducted with 246 participants clinically diagnosed with sporadic AD, matched by sex, age, and ethnicity. Blood samples were collected for genomic DNA extraction, followed by PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis for genotyping. The results showed no significant association between the INDEL variant of the ACE1 gene and AD or the APOE ε4 allele status, suggesting a limited contribution of this variant in the studied population. Conversely, the LRP1 gene showed a significant association, with the D allele (DD+ID) displaying a potentially protective role against AD. These findings reinforce the multifactorial nature of AD and highlight the influence of regional genetic characteristics, considering the historical diversity and genetic admixture of the Espírito Santo population. This study contributes to understanding genetic differences between populations and supports the development of personalized medicine strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of AD
Análise do DNA de contato obtido de impressões labiais e bebidas: influência de diferentes variáveis na persistência de amostras desafiadoras
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-02-23) Bessa, Bárbara Gomes de Oliveira; Louro, Iuri Drumond; https://orcid.org/0000000151609615; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3817361438227180; https://orcid.org/0000000341696764; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3555288687137820; Carvalho, Elizeu Fagundes de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4620-7253; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2742420738858309; Paula, Flavia de; https://orcid.org/0000000186792982; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7913201450663683
With the advancement of molecular biology techniques, contact DNA samples have become more explored and used in the field of forensic sciences. Among the existing contact samples, lip prints are sources of DNA and can be used in investigative contexts. This type of challenging sample can be found at crime scenes in beverage containers such as glasses, cans and bottles. In addition, the remaining liquids of these drinks are also considered potential sources of DNA and can be used in forensics. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of obtaining DNA from contact samples from lip prints and beverages. In addition, it was verified whether variables such as temperature, humidity, exposure to sunlight and time influence the obtaining of this genetic material. During the experiment, 4 volunteers were asked to drink water, in a glass, and soda, in an aluminum can. Contact DNA samples deposited on the surfaces were collected 24 and 72 hours after their deposition. The collections were performed using swab. The remaining liquids in the containers were collected with the aid of a pasteur pipette. DNA was extracted through organic extraction and quantified by two different methodologies (Nanodrop and Qubit kit). According to the results, the quantification using the Qubit kit was more effective and specific when compared with the Nanodrop. It was not possible to detect correlation between temperature/humidity and the amount of recovered DNA. Direct exposure to sunlight was shown to have significant effects (p < 0.05), especially on samples deposited on aluminum surfaces. The results related to the time variable also indicated statistical differences (p < 0.05) when analyzed together with exposure to sunlight. Regarding liquids, the variables time and sunlight did not show a significant influence (p > 0.05) on the DNA yield obtained. From these results, it was found that it is possible to obtain DNA from contact samples from lip prints and drinks with a low-cost methodology. In addition, it is noted that the yield of this type of sample can be significantly affected by environmental variables, mainly sunlight.
Análise do efeito biológico de nanopartículas de ouro reduzidas com extrato de Punica granatum L. sobre Escherichia coli ATCC 25922
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-10-06) Cesário, Letícia Miranda; Guimarães, Marco Cesar Cunegundes; https://orcid.org/0000000321460180; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0261991057482057; https://orcid.org/0009-0003-0951-565X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0322298559859067; Alves, Wendel Andrade; Silva, Adriana Madeira Alvares da; https://orcid.org/0000000280780304; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6445492335035108
The rise in antimicrobial resistance has become a critical public health concern, requiring new approaches to face pathogens. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are deemed promising in the fight against pathogenic biofilms due to their unique physicochemical characteristics, which can be tailored for specific purposes. In the present study, we employed the green synthesis of AuNPs, using pomegranate peel extract (Punica granatum L.) as a reducing agent, due to its antioxidant properties and the inherent non-toxicity of the method. For the synthesis of the AuNPs, two techniques were employed: sodium citrate chemical reduction and the green synthesis method using pomegranate extract. The nanoparticles were characterized through spectroscopic and imaging techniques, such as UV-Vis, Raman spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The phenolic compounds present in the extract and in the AuNPs were identified by HighPerformance Liquid Chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The success of the AuNP synthesis was initially confirmed by the reddish hue of the resulting colloid and the absorbance pattern in the UV-Vis spectra. Spectroscopic analyses showed the presence of various organic compounds in the pomegranate peel, such as amino acids, phenols, ellagic tannins, and gallic and ellagic acid esters, which participate in the stabilization of the AuNPs. The gold concentration in the nanoparticles was 42.70 μg/mL, while the concentration of pomegranate extract present in the nanoparticles was 380 μg/mL. The AuNPs exhibited a hydrodynamic size in the range of 68.80 nm and a zeta potential of -16.4 mV, indicating stability in aqueous solution. The EC50 value obtained through the DPPH assay proved that the pomegranate extract has high antioxidant activity, greater than that of the Trolox standard. The evaluation of antimicrobial activity was carried out on the Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 strain. The highest concentration of gold nanoparticles with pomegranate extract (170.8 μg/mL) exhibited antimicrobial effect, which, although minimal, caused deformations in the bacterial membrane. In conclusion, the study describes an eco-friendly synthesis of gold nanoparticles using pomegranate extract, which exhibited high antioxidant potential. Although the AuNPs showed limited antimicrobial properties, they emerge as promising candidates for biomedical and nanotechnological applications, requiring additional studies to enhance their potential as antibacterial agents.

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