Biologia Vegetal

URI Permanente desta comunidade

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17503

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal

Centro: CCHN
Telefone: (27) 4009 2588
URL do programa: http://www.biologiavegetal.ufes.br/

Navegar

Agora exibindo 1 - 20 de 205

Ácidos húmicos extraídos do lodo de esgoto sanitário e seus efeitos em plantas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-02-27) Rocha, Lívia Dorsch; Dobbss, Leonardo Barros; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini; Mazzeo, Dânia Elisa Christofoletti
The final disposal of sewage sludge has been presented as an environmental and public health problem. The sewage sludge is rich in organic matter but it also presents pollutants and pathogens. Thus, this work was extracted humic acid (HA) which is a compound resulting from the fractionation of humic substances that comprises a carbon group generated by the decomposition of organic waste that suffer resynthesis forming humus. Humic acid promotes many benefits in plants, such as growth cell elongation, stress tolerance, increased plasma membrane permeability. Based on these features, the present study aimed to evaluate the cytogenetic effects (Allium cepa test), physiological and biochemical in Oryza sativa culture treated with differents concentrations of humic acids derived from sewage sludge. Elemental characterization of HA was performed to define the doses (0,5; 1, 2 e 4 mM C L-1). After 20 days of treatment, samples of the material were taken and subsequently analyzed. The chemical characterization of HA indicated it as a good conditioner for cultures showing high rates of Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen. No effect of toxicity, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mutagenicity of HA was observed. The results have shown significant increase of plant photosynthetic pigments on higher concentrations (2 mM C L-1 and 4 mM C L-1). In general the higher concentrations have presented more growth. Futhermore, there was an increase of ATPase expression in all treatments. And enzymes of oxidative stress increased relatively in differents concentrations. By the integration of these analyzes it was possible conclude that the humic acid from sewage sludge can be used as organic fertilizer as observed by the plant benefits showed in this work. Moreover, HA offers a good alternative for the disposal of sewage sludge residue, recycling the organic matter.
Acúmulo de nutrientes e carboidratos em populações da espécie Myrsine cariacea
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-03-12) Leite, Kelvin de Jesus; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2963-7673; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8029279967950425; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1830-3651; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3601125549486192; Martins, Samuel Cordeiro Vitor; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2428-8649; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3010246075881689; Werner, Elias Terra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2549-7626; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3268068963656927; Garbin, Mario Luis; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-2102; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4873285090929011
In dioecious species, female and male individuals may present differences in some ecophysiological characteristics. The sexual dimorphism in characteristics related to the absorption and use of resources is expressed mainly during the reproductive period, because the investments of the male individuals are limited to the flowering, whereas the feminine, in addition to producing the flowers, had to invest a great quantity of the resources available for fruit production. However, variations in environmental conditions, as occurs along an altitude gradient, affect the ecophysiological performance of plants, and may modify the differential demand of resources between the sexes and, consequently, the accumulation of nutrients and carbohydrates. The objective of this work was to examine the differential accumulation of nutrients and carbohydrates in individuals of eight populations of the Myrsine coriacea dioecious species, located along an altitude gradient in the Atlantic Forest. At the end of the fruiting period, leaf samples were collected from twelve individuals (six female and six male) from each of the eight populations analyzed. Analyzes were performed to determine the concentration of nutrients and non-structural carbohydrates in leaf tissue. Soil samples were collected in the canopy projection of each individual to study the relationship between soil chemical conditions and nutrient accumulation in leaves. The accumulation of carbohydrates and nutrients was similar between the sexes, with significant differences only between the populations. The population located at the highest altitude (1774 m altitude) had a higher accumulation of soluble carbohydrates (glucose and fructose) and less accumulation of starch, potassium and boron in relation to other populations. A negative relationship was observed between altitude and nitrogen, potassium and boron leaf accumulation; for the accumulation of iron and calcium the relation was positive. The availability of nutrients in the soil was significantly different between the sexes, but this response is dependent on the conditions of each population. The concentrations of potassium, calcium and magnesium in the leaves were associated with the availability of these macronutrients in the soil. However, the availability of phosphorus in the soil was not associated with the concentration of this macronutrient in the foliar tissues. It should be noted that the differences in soil chemical conditions verified between the sexes were not accompanied by significant variations in the accumulation of nutrients in the leaves. Thus, our findings indicate that male and female plants of M. coriacea must present variations in the mechanisms of production / absorption, assimilation and / or allocation of carbohydrates and nutrients, as a way of supplying differential reproduction costs, maintaining the same carbohydrate concentration and nutrients in leaf tissues.
Algas epilíticas em um reservatório tropical raso (Vitória, ES): estrutura e dinâmica em diferentes escalas temporais
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2008-12-18) Cavati, Bruna; Silva, Diolina Moura; Fernandes, Valéria de Oliveira; Dias Júnior, Camilo; Rodrigues, Liliana
This research, developed in the Captation Lagoon of the water trucks supplying center of the City Prefecture of Vitória, a shallow tropical reservoir, aimed to evaluate changes in the structure and dynamics of the epilithics algae community in different temporal scales (succession and hydrological periods) in artificial limestone substratum. An experimental structure was confectioned, serving of support for limestone substrata, and implanted in the sampling site (located in the middle of the lagoon). The experiment had lasted 61 days in each season (dry and rainy). The measured abiotical variables were: wind velocity, light intensity, site depth, Secchi transparency, eufotic zone, air and water temperature, electric conductivity, total solids in suspension, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrite, nitrate, ammoniacal nitrogen, total nitrogen (kjeldahl), ortophosphate, total phosphorus dissolved and silica. The climatological data (precipitation and air temperature) had been obtained from the Incaper meteorological station. The structure and dynamics of the community had been evaluated based in the following attributes: specie richness, density, abundance, dominancy, diversity, evenness and biovolume. The chlorophylls a, b and c, carotenoids and phaeopigments concentrations had also been quantified in the epilithic algae. The lowest nitrogen-nutrients and electric conductivity values and the highest turbidity and phosphorus concentration values were reported in the higher precipitation period. According CONAMA resolution nº357/2005, the Captation lagoon can be classified as “water class 2” (destinated to parks and garden irrigation) and only the phosphorus values are higher than the resolution stardard quality values. 115 taxa were reported, with qualitative predominance of the Class Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Bacillariophyceae. In both periods, the density, biovolume and pigments concentrations were crescent; however, the most expressive density and pigments concentration increase occured in the dry season, as long as the biovolume increase occured in the rainy season. The diversity and evenness index showed temporal variations in short ans long-term. The succession standard was, quantitatively: initial colonization by Chlorophyceae, which was substituted by Cyanophyceae in the intermediary and final stages. Bacillariophyceae contributed in the intermediary stages, mainly in the dry season. Chlorophyceae showed the highest revelance to biovolume. Short-term community variability was determinated by autogenic process (competition and resources limitation), which were more accented in dry season. Pluviometric index and nitrogen and phosphorus-nutrients concentrations variation were determinants in long-term. The specie richness, density and pigments concentrations showed more sensible answers to nitrogen and to the disturbance features than the biovolume, which was masked in the rainy season by the taxonomic representation
Algas fitoplanctônicas na Lagoa Juparanã (Linhares-ES): variação espacial, temporal e bioindicadores do estado trófico
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-02-24) Gonçalves, Monica Amorim; Fernandes, Valéria de Oliveira; Dias Júnior, Camilo; Suzuki, Marina Satika
The present work was done at Juparanã lake –Brazil’s larger lake in fresh water volume –located in Linhares-ES. There were four collections with quarterly periodicity along an annual cycle (season drought and rainy), in two sampling stations: point 1, situated in central point (in the middle of the lake) and, because of this, more natural considered and less impact and point 2 , located in the outlet river Pequeno, that connects the lake to the river Doce. Characterist limnological like, temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, water electric conductivity, depth, main nutrients concentration, transparency were determined. The phytoplankton community was analysed in qualitative and quantitative terms, being made thecounting by the sedimentation method, besides the chlorophyll a determination.The obtained results showed that the lake can be characterized for pH with tendency to the neutrality (6,5), low electric conductivity (84,8 µS/cm), low turbidity (12,1 UNT) and nutrients poverty (PO43 -34,0 µg/L; NO3-118,6 µg/L; P-total 42,2 µg/L; NH4+48,9 µg/L; NO2-4,5 µg/L; N-total 550,7 µg/L), water transparency was high in the two first samplings, but it decreased considerably in the next samplings due to the rainfall season, the dissolved oxygen contents were elevated during the whole study and wasn’t verified thermal profile stratification most of the time. Phytoplankton community showed 109 algaes taxa, belonging to 9 algaes classes with low numerical density (794 ind./ml) and biomass algal numbers (1,4 µg/L of chlorophyll a). Cyanophyceae, Zygnemaphyceae and Chlorophyceae was dominant numerically. Zygnemaphyceae were represented mostly for algaes of family Desmidiaceae, described in the literature like bioindicators of oligotrophic waters. The most representative gender regardind taxa number was Staurastrum. Chlorophyceae represented mostly by Chlorococcales, and Eutetramorus/Radiococcuswas abundant in 50% of the quantitative samples. Regarding to Cyanophyceae although low density, Synechocystissp. was dominant in 22,7% of the samples and abundant in 54,5%. The Simple and Compound Nygaard Coefficient classifies as an mesotrophic to eutrophic ambient, however this index works with big taxa groups was not considered satisfactory in bioindicators studies. In point 2 were found filamentous species that usually are part of periphyton, very developed in this location. There wasn’t observed standards in phytoplankton vertical and temporal distribution. The low concentrations of nutrients and low levels of biomass and phytoplankton density points to oligotrophic conditions for the Juparanã lake and suggests to possible competitive relations between phytoplankton, periphyton and aquatic plants, mostly in point 2.Qualitative and quantitative analysis demonstrate Cyanobacteria's several taxa,with dominanceof Synechocystissp., what is an alertfor the pond uses, due to the toxins production potentiality.
Alocação de carbono e resposta oxidante em dois morfotipos de Paubrasilia echinata submetidos a diferentes condições de déficit de pressão de vapor e temperatura
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-11-06) Gasparini, Xismenia Soares da Silva; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogerio Faustini; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6127436626143032; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Aquije, Gloria Maria de Farias Viegas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-7253; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Milanez, Camilla Rozindo Dias; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1288447995978779; Gomes, Marcos Thiago Gaudio; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9903805899337418; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8029279967950425
PPaubrasilia echinata is a tree species originating from the Atlantic Forest. This species has different morphotypes, among them the small and medium that differ in morphology and ecological habit. The small morphotype is described as an ombrophilous plant, while the medium morphotype shows heliophilic behavior. From the climate reports released, it is noted that environmental disturbances may occur as a result of these changes. According to reports, for the northeast portion of the Atlantic Forest is expected intense warming and reduction of rainfall. For the south / southeast portion, trends indicate warmer weather, with intensification in rainfall patterns. The objective of this study was to evaluate the combined effect of vapor pressure deficit (DPV) and temperature on carbon allocation, as well as non-enzymatic antioxidant responses (flavonoids, phenols and MDA) as mechanisms of tolerance to these climate changes. Therefore, plants of small and medium morphotypes were submitted to four different controlled environments (A), being A1- low DPV and temperature (0.7 KPa and 25.9 ° C); A2- low DPV and high temperature (31.6 ° C and 1.0 KPa); A3- high DPV and temperature (32.6 ° C and 3.1 KPa) and A4- high DPV and temperature (26 ° C and 1.7 KPa). The analysis of soluble sugars (AS), sucrose, reducing sugars (AR), starch and wall polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) were performed in the three organs (leaf, stem and root) of plants of both morphotypes. Already the analyzes referring to the non- enzymatic oxidant system were performed in the leaves. Both morphotypes showed, in the A3 environment, higher concentration of leaf AS in relation to the stem and root. This result presented higher RA concentration and lower leaf sucrose concentration, since this carbohydrate can be used as osmoregulator, besides being the main translucent photoassimilate in plants and can be used in other reactions. The roots of the small morphotype, under elevated temperature, presented higher root concentration of sucrose compared to the other environments. In both morphotypes, the RA concentration was higher in leaves, especially in A3. Under high DPV, especially in A3, the small morphotype showed higher root starch concentration and lower leaf concentration. In the mean morphotype,. starch allocation was higher in leaves than in other organs. The highest starch concentration is related to storage organs (seeds, tubers, roots ...) and its lower leaf concentration is related to stress conditions. The high concentration of lignin in the roots of both morphotypes may favor water transport, besides protecting plant tissues from chemical / biological degradation. The highest concentration of cellulose and hemicellulose was observed in the medium morphotype A1 stems, and the opposite for the small morphotype. Regarding the oxidative reaction, the small morphotype presented higher content of H2O2 in A4, where the lipid peroxidation, indicated by the higher MDA content, was higher. The same result was observed for the average morphotype in A1. Under these conditions, the non enzymatic antioxidant system was inefficient due to the lower concentrations of phenols and flavonoids. In higher temperature environment, the small morphotype (A2) and the medium morphotype (A3) presented lower concentration of H2O2 and MDA. This result may suggest less cellular damage due to lower lipid peroxidation. Thus, it can be concluded that A1 and A4 appear to be stressful conditions for the small and medium morphotype, respectively. However A2 and A3 can be considered favorable environments, respectively, for the small and medium morphotypes.
Alterações fisiológicas e nutricionais durante as fases do desenvolvimento vegetativo e reprodutivo do mamoeiro Golden
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009-02-13) Silva, Mariela Mattos da; Costa, Aureliano Nogueira da; Silva, Diolina Moura; Aguilar, Marco Antônio Gáleas; DaMatta, Fábio Murilo
The papaya tree is a plant whose reproductive growth is continuous and uninterrupted, and your productivity is influenced by the great variability of responses to the demands of accumulation of assimilates, and photosynthetic characteristics depending on the growth phases and cultivars causing changes in the final quality of the fruit. In order to determine the influence of the vegetative and reproductive development stages on the papaya (Carica papaya L. cv. ‘Golden’) in field conditions, was determined the growth, the macronutrients and dry mass (DM) accumulation, the nitrate reductase activity in the leaves, the concentration of nitrogen in petiole and leaf blade and the chlorophyll a fluorescence. For this study, the plants were initially selected and marked at random in a commercial crop located in Linhares, in the North of Espírito Santo. The growth and the dry mass accumulation happened in a fast way after the transplant of the seedlings to the field, with continuous increase until the beginning of the flowering/fructification of the papaya, where the higher accumulations relative diaries of DM happen. In the reproductive phase the picks of diaries relative accumulation of nutrients happened between 120 and 160 DAP. The development stages influenced the order of nutrient accumulation. N, K and Ca were the most accumulated nutrients during the vegetative stage and with the beginning of the reproductive stage, K became the most accumulated nutrient in the papaya plants. Although it has been accumulated in smaller amounts S was the nutrient more exported to the reproductive organs. The nitrate reductase activity presented expressive reduction with the beginning of the reproductive period, showing the influence of the plant stage development on the metabolism of assimilation of N. Only the N concentrations the petiole presented reductions in function of the days after planting, showing correlation between activity of the enzyme and the nutrient concentration the leaf. The results corroborated the use of the petiole as the best part of the leaf to indicate the “status” of N in papaya plants. The photochemical response of the plants, measured by the chlorophyll a x fluorescence, showed higher values in the vegetative phase, mainly observed in the basic parameters. Moreover, among the parameters OJIP, the flux of photons absorbed by RC (ABS/RC), the dissipation of radiant energy by active RC (DI0/RC), the performance index (PI) and the density of active RCs of FSII (RC/CS0), indicated stress caused by the transplanting of the plants to the field and for the beginning of the reproductive stage. These results show the efficiency of this technique for detecting changes due abiotic factors, as observed in seedlings transplanting in the field, as well as indicated the changes occurred in the beginning of the reproductive phase, wich may have acted as a isolated factor or combined with other environment stresses that the plants are subjected.
Alterações fisiológicas em clones de seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis) submetidos ao deficit hídrico
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-07-28) Silva Júnior, Roque Alves da; Silva, Diolina Moura; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; Corte, Viviana Borges; Partelli, Fabio Luiz
This study aimed to investigate, on a greenhouse, the physiological performance of two young and grafted cultivars (RRIM600 e FX3864) of rubber tree (Hevea brasiliensis) subjected to water stress and to recovery during rehydration. The parameters analyzed were leaf water potential (?w), survival and growth after rehydration and fluorescence transient of the chlorophyll a. Thirty days after acclimatization, the drought was initiated by complete removal of water until the water potential (?w) reach critical values (38 days), followed by 30 days of rehydration. Both cultivars showed a similar behavior of ?w decreasing during water suppression and recovery in rehydration. However, the FX3864 genotype was more susceptible to drought proved by figures that show deficiency in electron transport in the photochemical step in photosynthesis and a lower rate of survival after dehydration and reduced growth and development after rehydration. RRIM600 showed a greater physiological plasticity to tolerate the imposition of water suppression confirmed by a smaller decline in the values in the most of the parameters analyzed and by the shortest time necessary for recovery.
Análise comparativa dos teores de fenois e flavonoides e de atividades biológicas de cinco genótipos clonais de Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (aroeira)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-02-27) Lima, Savio Cabral Lopes de; Batitucci, Maria Do Carmo Pimentel; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0010148251489155; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Franca, Hildegardo Seibert; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1284874997224988; Dutra, Jean Carlos Vencioneck; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
The Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi belong to the Anacardiaceae family, popularly known as aroeira and pink pepper, is native from South America, and is present in popular culture and knowledge as a medicinal plant with healing and anti-inflammatory pote
"ANÁLISE DA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA E DAS ATIVIDADES BIOLÓGICAS DE Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (aroeira) SUBMETIDA A DIFERENTES TIPOS DE ADUBAÇÃO".
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-02-28) Aleluia, Rene Lemos; Batitucci, Maria Do Carmo Pimentel; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0010148251489155; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Ventura, Jose Aires; https://orcid.org/0000000314221739; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8687116881326074; Kuster, Ricardo Machado; https://orcid.org/0000000289615348; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4149814906786366
ABSTRACT Schinus terebinthifolia Raddi (Anacardiaceae) is a plant native to Brazil, popularly known as brazilian peppertree. It is one of the most used plant species in traditional medicine. Its organs are used in the production of preparations used in th
Análise da expressão gênica e atividade enzimática antioxidante em Passiflora edulis SIMS sob diferentes concentrações de alumínio
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-02-29) Pretti, Irany Rodrigues; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Ferreira, Marcio Alves; Fontes, Renata Venturim
The passion fruit is cultivated in almost all the brazilian territory. The Espírito Santo State currently ranks fourth in production in the country. The production of Espírito Santo, Passiflora edulis, is expanding, given that in recent years there has been an increase in planted area of 500 ha of passion, in 1990 to 2,429 ha in March 2008, reaching 2010 in December, 2800 ha planted. However, most of the production in Espírito Santo is still concentrated in the northern region of the state, especially the municipalities of the Jaguaré and Sooretama. While the numbers show progress in the production of fruit, the Espírito Santo is characterized by acidic soils and high aluminum content. Among the responses triggered by exposure to aluminum are: inhibition of root growth, inhibition of cell division, nutrient deficiency, and the activation of signaling pathways and changes in level of protein and RNA transcripts. Thus, it becomes important to study the components of the antioxidant defense system in plants undergoing exposure to aluminum. The ROS can pose serious threat to the cell, one of the responses to environmental stresses such as toxic aluminum. However, few studies have reported the effects of Al on the plant canopy. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the response of the antioxidant system P.edulis under such conditions. The study of the oxidative stress induced by aluminum showed that the CAT and SOD gene expression of was increased in plants in the nutrient solution and only cv. FB100 this increase was accompanied by increment enzymatic activity of SOD, indicating the higher efficiency of the removal of ROS. Plants grown in the field showed that the expression of antioxidant enzymes in the crop with high aluminum content was not activated at the time of collection, despite the high activity of SOD and APX. This response was possibly determined by the extended time to which the plants were exposed to stress.
Análise do desenvolvimento de sementes de mamoeiros (Carica papaya L.) infectados com Papaya ringspot vírus e Papaya meleira vírus
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-25) Salgado, Raquel Pereira Passos; Fernandes, Patricia Machado Bueno; Costa, Adelaide de Fátima Santana da; Rodrigues, Silas Pessini
The papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fruit tree very important for the State of Espírito Santo, which is the second largest producer and the largest exporter of papaya in Brazil. However, the diseases papaya sticky desease (or meleira) and mosaic of papaya, caused, respectively, by Papaya meleira virus (PMeV) and Papaya ringspot virus-P (PRSV-P), are the main limiting factors. The seeds of Carica papaya are intermediate, for tolerance to desiccation, its reserve tissue is the endosperm, has asynchronous germination due to the presence of inhibitors in the sarcotesta region. It is known that viral transmission by seeds is a very important route for the spread of PMeV, and PRSV-P is not typically transmitted through this route. This study aims to evaluate if there is interference of PMeV and PRSV-P on the germination of seeds from infected plants. This research found that the PMeV causes the reduction of seeds biomass, germination rate, growth and biomass of the plants, and damage in the surface structure of the embryos. The PRSV-P virus demonstrated does not compromise any of the parameters. In conclusion, PMeV virus affect the formation and development of the seeds of infected papaya cv. Golden plants, and the PRSV-P virus does not cause any damage to seed as the PMeV virus does
Análise do nível de vulnerabilidade dos reservatórios de carbono em arbóreas funcionais de restinga e manguezal às variações do clima
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-03-08) Knupp, Karina Tiussi Batisti; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini; Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares; Saiter, Felipe Zamborlini
Changes in climate have been taking place with implications for thermal regimes and precipitation. How plants will respond to these changes is still uncertain. In particular carbon pools, which account for up to 80% of the structural mass of plants. It is interesting to investigate the vulnerability level of some species of the coastal formations of restinga and mangrove of the Mata Atlântica biome of Greater Vitória - ES in relation to the variations of the climate. Therefore, the carbon storages contents in leaf and drain (stem) organs of Clusia hilariana, Ocotea notata and Protium icicariba restinga, and Avicennia schaueriana, Laguncularia racemosa and Rhizophora mangle were evaluated in the autumn of 2016 and summer of 2017. Data were related to temperature and precipitation values. Non-structural carbohydrates (starch, sucrose and total soluble carbohydrates) and cell wall structural polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin) were determined. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at the 5 % level (P <0.05) of significance, when necessary. The summer showed more precipitation. In the autumn of 2016 the average temperature was 27 ° C and in the summer of 2017, 25 ° C. The species of the two coastal formations responded differently to climate variations. In the mangrove, the concentration of cellulose in stem and leaf varied, being higher in the summer. In the restinga, the concentration of cellulose and starch in stem and leaf was higher in the summer. Similarly, in the restinga, the non-structural sucrose carbohydrate from the leaf, was also higher in summer. The concentration of lignin in the restinga was higher in the autumn. The restinga, due to changes in the concentrations of its carbon storages to temperature and precipitation variations between autumn and summer, can be considered, with greater vulnerability to temperature and precipitation changes in which ecosystems are being submitted.
Análise fitoquímica e avaliação das antioxidante, antimutagênica e citotóxica do estrato hidoalcoólico de Coriandrum sativum L.
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-03-28) Santos, Patricia Carara dos; França, Hildegardo Seibert; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Corte, Viviana Borges; Jamal, Claudia Masrouah
Coriandrum sativumL., known as coentro, is included in the Apiaceae family and It is a vegetable originating from European and African Continent. Flowers, leaves and fruits are commonly used of this plant. In addition it plays an important role in folk medicine and It is recommended for treatment of various diseases. This plant is rich in phenolic compounds that are related to Its antioxidant effects. The substrate involved in medicinal plant cultivation process can interfere in the production of secondary metabolites with bioactive principles . Another important factor in the production of metabolites is the development stage in which the plant is and there is no scientific works with this approach involvingC. sativum. The aims of this study was evaluate the influence of fertilization on the production of secondary metabolites in two stages of development of Coriandrum sativumand relate these conditions with quimioprotetor, antimutagenic and antioxidantpotential of hydroalcoholic extract of the leaves of thisplant. Theplants were grown in the Venda Nova do Imigrante/ES –Brazil under the organic fertilizer regimes (bovine manure) and chemical fertilizer (NPK), field conditions, and was evaluated two stages of development (vegetative and flowering). Aerial parts were dried and subjected to maceration in 70:30 ethanol/water (vol/vol) to obtain the crude extract which were underwent a phytochemical characterization by colorimetric methods and mass spectrometry. All cultivation conditions showed that the extracts had same phytochemical classes of metabolites (coumarins, flavonoids and steroids) andthe mass spectrometry indicated similarities between the extracts evaluated. The crude extract of C. sativumin the vegetative stage and chemical fertilization showed better antioxidant activity, according to the DPPH test when compared to other treatment groupsandthe extracts obtained from vegetative stage of the 8plantsunder different cultivation conditionsshowed a reduction in the micronucleus frequencyin relation to the positive control in the pretreatment and simultaneously assay.
Análises morfofisiológicas de plantas de pau-brasil (Caesalpinia echinata Lam.) cultivadas em pleno sol e em sombreamento natural
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-02-26) Gama, Vinícius Novo; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini; Corte, Viviana Borges; Gonçalves, José Francisco de Carvalho
Caesalpinia echinataLam. is a endangered tree of the Atlantic Florest. Published data has demonstrated that this specie threedifferent leaf morphological variants, and variant small leaflet considered a secondary classification plant forest succession, in contrast with the results of growth medium leaflet variant observed in the field. The central aim of this study was to characterize some morphological, biochemical and physiological leaf morphotype average C. echinata contrasting under conditions of irradiance. This work was conducted at the Reserva Natural da Valein the municipality of Sooretama, ES. We analyzed average leaflets of fully expanded leaves us third-fourth of young plants of Brazil wood in two different light conditions: full sun and natural shade. Plants in full sun showed greater efficiency in capturing light energy, followed by a photochemical better utilization and higher net carbon assimilation, which possibly resulted in a higher content of soluble carbohydrates. Because of the imbalance photosynthetic presumed to have been an excess plant photorespiratory activity in shading in an attempt to prevent the formation of free radicals by reducing compounds formed. The energy that should be being used in photochemical reactions and / or biochemical plants to shading was, for the most part, dissipated as heat or re-emitted as fluorescence translocated to the production of antioxidative defense compounds of secondary metabolism. Therefore, the high light condition provided greater growth of population exposed to full sun in relation to plants exposed to low light. The morphology and anatomic levels of photosynthetic pigments of plants exposed to the sun presented in this study also indicate a strong tolerance to this variant of intense light condition. The results presented in this paper show that the direct solar radiation is configured as a condition more suitable for the planting of shading variant mean leaf of Brazil wood. Given these differences in morphology and ecophysiological variants of the species C. echinata, a restructuring is necessary taxonomic species in possible sub-specific taxa, for thus reestablish anew classification of Brazil wood in forest succession, and thus provide support for proper planting and management of this plant in reforestation programs
Aspectos ecofisiológicos das cianobactérias em uma lagoa costeira urbana (Lagoa Juara, Serra, ES)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-24) Alves, Fernanda Brêda; Fernandes, Valéria de Oliveira; Dias Júnior, Camilo; Suzuki, Marina Satika
This study aimed to evaluate the cyanobacterial community structure analyzing taxonomic richness, composition, total density (individuals / mL), abundance, dominance of species beyond their biomass in Juara pond in spatial scale, vertical and temporal. Two samples were performed, one in the dry season (Sept / 2013) and another held in the rainy season (Mar / 2014) at three sampling stations located in a longitudinal gradient in the lagoon, representing regions near the mouth of streams (including those backers of matter organic resulting from domestic effluent discharge "in natura" is primarily via stream Laranjeiras), the sea andthe deployment area of the cages. Sub-surface samples were collected at depths of 50% brightness 1% light water column, always in the morning. Qualitative samples were collected with a plankton net of 20 microns and quantitative bottle with van Dorn. The cyanobacterial community structure was evaluated based on its key attributes: taxa richness, total density, abundance and dominance. The biovolume was calculated based on geometric shapes approximating the shape of the cell. Were determined: temperature (air / water), euphotic zone depth, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC) and major nutrients (silicate, nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen, orthophosphate, total phosphorus). We recorded 43 species of cyanobacteria, belonging to 17 genera, 8 families and 4 orders, 3 genres confirmed in literature as microcystin producers. The total density of cyanobacteria showed higher values in samples influenced by precipitation with no differences between the EA1 and EA2 station, just sampling station AE3 significant difference between the period of drought and rain, with higher density figures in the dry season. The biovolume data were higher in the rainy season and EA2 sampling station. The vertical variation of biovolume showed a significant difference only in the sampling stations EA1 and EA3, with uniform EA2 station at different depths. So the Microcystis genus had a higher contribution in terms of biovolume. The microcystin produced mainly by this genre was present in the aquatic environment, both in the dry season as in the rainy, with values within the parameters allowed by law. The values of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and nitrate showed temporal and spatial variation. The vertical variation was slight in the depths of the three sampling stations. The highest recorded concentrations of orthophosphate, total phosphorus, total nitrogen and nitrate, especially in EA2 and EA3 stations. The EA2 and EA3 stations showed limnological and biological characteristics of similarity. Both stations suffer human impact due to intensive fish farming system and through the discharge of domestic sewage "in natura" via stream Laranjeiras respectively. The Juara pond has multiple uses, and the development of subsistence activity as intensive fish farming, this practice together with the impacts associated with the injection of wastewater, showed signs of changes regarding the environmental conditions in the pond leading to the development of species-producing cyanobacteria microcystin. The presence of this toxin at high levels may impair the use of the pond, especially intensive farming of fish for consumption and leisure and recreation.
ASPECTOS FISIOLÓGICOS EM Mangifera indica L. PRODUZIDAS COM REJEITOS DE MINERAÇÃO E TRATADAS COM FERTILIZANTE ORGANOMINERAL
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-02-13) Junior, Romario de Oliveira Silva; Silva, Diolina Moura; https://orcid.org/000000033885280X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0341541450627705; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Araujo, Wagner Luiz; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8029279967950425
ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate the physiological performance, in the field, of two cultivars of Mangifera indica L. ( Palmer and Rosa ) produced on substrates containing 0%, 20% and 50% of mining tailings. During field cultivation, no longer under
Atividade fotoquímica em folhas do mamoeiro Carica papaya L. durante o período reprodutivo e caracterização da ontogenia dos frutos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2007-12-14) Santos, Ketney Tonetto dos; Oliveira Júnior, Luis Fernando Ganassali de; Silva, Diolina Moura; Schneider, Edgar; Aguilar, Marco Antonio Galeas
In this work the photochemistry activity in leaves of plants of the papaya tree Carica papaya L. cv. Golden was evaluated fotnightly in a commercial plantation. The measures had beginning in the anthesis and concluded after the first crop (January for junho/2007). The kinetics of the emission of the fast fluorescence of the chlorophyll was she obtained with aid of a portable fluorometer (Handy-PEA, Hansatech, UK) using leaves previously adapted to the darkness. The results showed that the alterations happened in the apparel photosynthetic were more severe in the month where there was an abrupt fall in the precipitation. Low values of the initial fluorescence (F0), maximum fluorescence (FM) and of the revenue quantum potential maximum of the PS II (FV/FM) they indicated the occurrence of chronic photoinhibition in this period. For they be still scarce the studies on the chemical and biochemical changes that happen starting from the ontogeny of the fruits of the papaya tree, in this work it was also evaluated some physical changes, chemistries and biochemistries in the fruits of this the anthesis to the matureness. The activity of pectinametylesterase (PME), enzyme that prepares the substratum so that the other enzymes pectinolíticas acts in the process of matureness of these fruits, it increased starting from 120 DPA in the same way that the index of SS. On this same occasion it happened a decrease of the pH of the cellular juice and of the titratable acidity (ATTN) contained in the pulp of the fruits. These results confirm the participation of the PME, the presence of the acids organic and the beginning of the degradation of the it seems cellular before even of the crop.
Atividades antioxidante, alelopática e antigenotóxica do exopolissacarídeo carboximetilado botriosferana
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-22) Gervásio, Suiany Vitorino; Sena, Geralda Gillian Silva; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Delarmelina, Juliana Macedo; França, Hildegardo Seibert
Secondary metabolites constitute an important part of the plants. Present protection function,assist in environmental responses and adaptation of plants to the environment. Its chemical composition is what favors the activities performed by secondary metabolites and enables its most diverse applications, whether for the treatment of diseases with the direct use of plants or production for industry. In search of new sources of secondary metabolites, the algae and fungi presented themselves as prominent groups, being used because of how ease is the production of these metabolites; without requiring large spaces and investments. Among the fungi, the genus Botryospaheria, known to cause diseases in plants, houses the species Botryosphaeriarhodina, which causes eucalyptus cancer, a promoter of fruit rot and is known for the production ofbotriosferana, a polysaccharide producedextracellularly, of type ß-glucana with type ß-(1 ? 3.1 ? 6) links and of low solubility. Botriosferanapresents antioxidant activity as well ashypocholesterolemic, antimutagenic, antifungal and antiviral activity. Aiming to potentialize these activities this molecule has undergone a structural alteration, carboxymethylation, where the number of branches is increased and therefore also its solubility. To verify that the increase in solubility has altered its activity, analyses of the antioxidants were performed by methods of DDPH, Abts, Frap and Iron chelating2+as well as the allelopathic activityin the test systems Allium Strain and Lactuca sativa, the cellular viability of human lymphocytes and sarcoma 180 by the MTT methodand the evaluation of mutagenic activity and antimutagenic in mice. The carboxymethylated botriosferana presented antioxidant activity only in two methods, DPPH and iron chelating, not presenting anyallelopathicactivity. Increased cell viability of lymphocytes, mainly under 48h of exposure, and was selective to decrease the cell viability of 180 sarcoma under 48h of exposure. It did not present mutagenic activity, but was antimutagenic, considerably decreasing the micronuclei values compared to positive control. The results obtained indicate that the structural alteration maintained the activities previously described and which were reassessed by comparing the reduction of damage caused by cyclophosphamide, there is an indication that the structural change potentiated this activity of the carboxymethylatedbotriosferana. When considering all the activities performed by botriosferana, it is possible to observe its potential application as an adjuvant for the treatment of chronic non- communicable diseases, such as hypercholesterolemia, and also for the treatment of cancer.
Atributos funcionais como resposta à plasticidade de Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand em área de Restinga em condições de inundação do solo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-12-22) Jesus, Vera Lucia Pereira de; Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4502113593775550; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Almeida, Stefano Zorzal de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3680096174839424; Antar, Guilherme de Medeiros
abstract
Atributos quantitativos de espécies arbóreas pioneiras e não pioneiras da Floresta Atlântica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-25) Macieira, Bernardo Pretti Becacici; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogério Faustini; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; Musa, Bruna Cersózimo Arenque
The succession classification is based on very inconsistent quality attributes. The present study aimed to quantifysome phenotypicaspects in pioneer and non-pioneer tree species of the Atlantic Forest in the state of Espírito Santo. Leaves and stem segments of three pioneer species (Senna multijuga var. verrucosa, Miconia cinnamomifoliaandBixa arborea) and three non-pioneer species (Melanoxylon brauna, Carpotroche brasiliensisandNeoraputia alba)were analyzed. The pioneer species showed higher chloroplastid pigments; higher stomatal density and vessels elements diameters; higher glucose (6% of the dry mass –DM), fructose (2.3% DM) and sucrose contents (7.9% DM) found on the stem. Non-pioneer species showed higher leaf thickness, higher starch (2.8% DM) and cell wall polymers contents in their leaves (10% cellulose, 15% hemicellulose and 4% lignin DM). In the stem, the wall cell polymers contents in non-pioneer species (33% cellulose, 24% hemicellulose and 22% lignin DM) were higher than the pioneer species. The hemicellulose for both functional groups suggest that xylan (stem) and arabinogalactan (leaves) type. Whereas the soluble carbohydrates, starch and pigments are unstable molecules subject to environmental variations, we conclude that cell wall polymersare safer to characterize the functional classes. However, the lignin compound that was more varied between two functional groups (>100%) indicating that the content of polymer is more reliable quantitative attribute to identify pioneer and non-pioneer species from Atlantic Forest

Navegar

Navegando Biologia Vegetal por Título

Resultados por página

Opções de Ordenação