Doutorado em Engenharia Ambiental

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17611

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Navegando Doutorado em Engenharia Ambiental por Assunto "Adsorção"

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    Síntese e caracterização de biocarvões ativados a partir de resíduos de biomassa aplicados na remoção do herbicida 2,4-D em água
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-12-11) Brito, Gilberto Maia de; Freitas, Jair Carlos Checon de; Coelho, Edumar Ramos Cabral; Buarque, Diogo Costa; Gonçalves, Ricardo Franci; Schettino Júnior, Miguel Ângelo; Capelo Neto, José
    In this work, porous and applied carbonaceous materials were synthesized and characterized in the removal of the 2,4-D herbicide present in contaminated water samples by adsorption. Activated carbons (ACs) were prepared using three different types of precursors of renewable origin and very common in Brazil: sugarcane bagasse, coconut shell and endocarp of babassu coconut. The activated charcoal production process was conducted by simultaneous carbonization and physical (steam) activation in a horizontal furnace with a heating ramp of 5.0 ° C min-1 to 800.0 °C, with a water injection of 200.0 ºC and with residence time of 1 hour at 800.0 ºC. Carbonized materials with the same types of precursors were also produced under the same conditions, but without physical activation for comparison purposes. The ACs and carbonized samples were characterized by the following techniques: specific surface area, thermogravimetry, X-ray diffraction, infrared, scanning electron microscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and elemental analysis of oxygen content. The samples of the ACs produced were compared with commercial samples produced by the companies Bahia Carbon and Merck, in addition to other studies reported in the literature, in terms of specific surface area using the model proposed by BrunauerEmmett-Teller by adsorption of N2 gas at 77 K. The specific surface area values found for the carbon samples from sugarcane bagasse, coconut husk and endocarp of babassu coconut were equal to 547, 991 and 1068 m2 g -1 , respectively. The kinetic adsorption process of 2,4-D in aqueous solutions in the ACs was studied according to the Langmuir, Freundlich and other models and compared to each other. In the study of the intermolecular interaction Herbicide-Activated Charcoal, considering two types of herbicides, the (N- (phosphonomethyl) glycine (glyphosate) and 2,4-D, was carried out in the light of Computational Molecular Modeling by the semi empirical method and the thermodynamic parameters were obtained and evaluated.
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    Tratamento a nivel terciário de esgoto sanitário em um wetland francês seguido de um filtro reativo de escória
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-10-30) Lima, Janaína Simões; Gonçalves, Ricardo Franci; https://orcid.org/0000000220489451; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9604327349698525; Keller, Regina de Pinho; https://orcid.org/0000000291630715; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1765455668560897; Coelho, Edumar Ramos Cabral; https://orcid.org/0000000292205737; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2276795519317927
    The scarcity of phosphorus is a growing challenge impacting food security and global sustainability. As an essential resource in agricultural production, phosphorus has become increasingly scarce due to intensive extraction and a lack of effective recycling methods. A significant source of this element is sewage, which, when discharged untreated into water bodies, triggers a process called eutrophication. However, several technological innovations have emerged to aid in addressing this issue, offering solutions to efficiently and sustainably remove and recover phosphorus from sewage. These technologies not only tackle the imminent shortage of this vital resource but also aim to transform sewage into a potential source of recoverable phosphorus, aligning with a more circular and responsible approach to using this essential element. This study examined the tertiary treatment of sewage in a French wetland followed by a reactive slag filter. It assessed the removal of total phosphorus, P-PO4 3- , NTK, N-NH4 + , DBO5,20, DQO, TSS, turbidity, and thermotolerant coliforms in a pilot WWTP consisting of a French wetland (1st stage) and a LD steel slag reactive filter (2nd stage). The French wetland was vegetated with the Typha domingensis macrophyte, endemic to the study region. The system's performance was evaluated over 350 days under variable operating conditions, with the French wetland's superficial hydraulic loading rate ranging from 0.1 m3 /m2 . d to 0.8 m3 /m2 . d and the hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the reactive filter from 2,3 to 10,7 days concerning its apparent volume. The system proved efficient in removing TSS, organic matter, and nitrogen, resulting in treated effluent concentrations TSS < 2 mg/L, BOD5,20 < 2 mg/L e NTK < 10 mg/L. Results indicate consistent attainment of total phosphorus concentrations below 1 mg/L with superficial hydraulic loading rates of 0.4 m3 /m2 . d in the French wetland and a hydraulic retention time of 3 days in the RFS (Reactive Filter of Slag). The high pH within the reactive filter led to highly efficient removal of thermotolerant coliforms from sewage, achieving concentrations of 0.0 MPN/100mL in the system's final effluent. The crystalline and morphological structures of the precipitates formed in the reactive filter were investigated using X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy techniques. The crystalline indices of each sample were determined through XRD diffractograms and the CELREF software, calculating lattice parameters and unit cell volumes for each crystal structure present in the samples. Based on each crystal's reference indices, calcite (CaCO3), hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3OH), gismondine (CaAl2Si2O8·4H2O), newberyite (MgHPO4·3H2O), and monetite (CaPO3 (OH) crystals were identified. With CELREF's aid, it was verified that the crystalline parameters of the samples resembled those in the reference sheets for each crystal.