Mestrado em Saúde Coletiva

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17586

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Navegando Mestrado em Saúde Coletiva por Assunto "Abuso infantil"

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    Adversidades na infância, autoestima, sexualidade, maternidade e reprodução na adolescência
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-09-30) Vieira, Tónia Linette da Conceição Mendes Rafael; Santos Neto, Edson Theodoro dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7351-7719; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5430137427291413; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1961-6481; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4530700854931867 ; Portugal, Flávia Batista; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4425-2627; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1876697154549534; Reisen, Andressa; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3916-462X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7553715313970938 ; Alencar, Filomena Euridice Carvalho; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2689-4893; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1541460927486933; Bueno, George Nunes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2682-4214; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9461730986418352
    Childhood adversity is considered one of the main risk factors for the development of psychosocial problems later in life, accounting for one-third of mental disorders in people over 18 worldwide and can trigger risky sexual behaviors in adolescence. The objective of this dissertation was to analyze the relationship between childhood adversity and self esteem, Attitudes Toward Adolescent Sexuality (AFSA), perceptions about motherhood and reproduction, and economic characteristics in adolescents aged 15 to 19. This study is part of a school-based cross-sectional epidemiological survey conducted between 2016 and 2017 with a sample of 2,293 students in high schools in the Greater Vitória Metropolitan Region, Espírito Santo. To analyze AFSA and its associations, the sample consisted only of female adolescents, totaling 1,376 participants. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed based on the survey of socioeconomic characteristics and four instruments: the Childhood Adversity History Questionnaire, the Self-Esteem Scale, the Attitudes Toward Sexuality Scale, and the Values and Beliefs Questionnaire about Sexuality and Motherhood, in adapted versions. One of the questions from the Integrated Social Capital Questionnaire was used to analyze the association between interpersonal relationships and self-esteem. Frequencies were calculated, and Pearson's chi-square test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multinomial logistic regression were applied. The results demonstrated that childhood adversities determine self-esteem in adolescence. Statistically significant associations were found between low self-esteem and the following childhood adversities: emotional abuse (p<0.001), physical abuse (p<0.001), sexual abuse (p<0.001), substance use in the family (p<0.001), mental illness in the family (p<0.001), physical neglect (p<0.001), and emotional neglect (p<0.001). Regarding the research on AFSA, the results demonstrated that 20% of the participants presented unfavorable AFSA and AFSA were associated with self-esteem (Orajustado = 2.008; CI95% = 1.177-3.428), socioeconomic variables: race/color (Orajustado1.261; CI95%=1.087-1.463), marital status (Orajustado = 4.037; CI95% = 1.598-10.199), and education level of the head of the family (Orajustado = 0.677; CI95% = 0.569-0.806) and with all issues related to motherhood and reproduction (p<0.05). Higher levels of education of the adolescent's head of household exert a protective effect against adverse AFSA, and friendships exert a protective effect on self-esteem. The findings showed that adolescents with low selfesteem were six times more likely to have been exposed to four or more adversities during childhood (OR=6.7; 95% CI: 1.52-29.48), while adolescents with average self esteem were more likely to have adverse AFSA. Therefore, there is a need to identify all traumatic situations experienced by children during childhood to enable early interventions to reduce risks and harm to physical and mental health in childhood and later life.
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    Associação entre exposição a adversidades na infância e tabagismo na vida adulta
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-03-20) Faria, Ana Paula Araújo; Viana, Maria Carmen; Coutinho, Evandro; Molina, Maria del Carmen
    The association between adverse childhood experiences and smoking has been documented in scientific literature. However, few studies evaluating systematically role of exposure to these childhood experiences in the occurrence of this outcome in adult life. The aim of this study is evaluate the influence of exposure to a wide variety of adverse experiences occurring in childhood in the occurrence of smoking and early smoking through two studies: a systematic review and analysis of epidemiological study of mental disorders São Paulo Megacity. The systematic review was a search for articles using the following search terms: adverse childhood experience, childhood maltreatment, childhood abuse, child abuse and nicotine dependence, smoke, tobacco addiction, tobacco smoking that lead to identification of selected articles in 2632 of which 30 met the criteria for inclusion in the study. The results were: the 30 articles evaluated in the systematic review only three did not find association between the variables. The second study was conducted with a random sample of the general population (18 years or older) in the metropolitan São Paulo in which they were performed association analyzes (odds ratio - OR). The analyzes were performed using the statistical program Data Analysis and Statistical Software Release 12.0 (STATA 12.0) as a result it was demonstrated that there was a statistically significant association between exposure to adversities in childhood and smoking for most adversity, except sexual abuse, parental loss and economic adversity. All adversities, except sexual abuse and economic adversity, were associated with a higher chance of becoming nicotine dependent earlier, even after adjusting for gender, birth-cohort and highest parents’ education.