Adversidades na infância, autoestima, sexualidade, maternidade e reprodução na adolescência
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Data
2025-09-30
Autores
Vieira, Tónia Linette da Conceição Mendes Rafael
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Childhood adversity is considered one of the main risk factors for the development of psychosocial problems later in life, accounting for one-third of mental disorders in people over 18 worldwide and can trigger risky sexual behaviors in adolescence. The objective of this dissertation was to analyze the relationship between childhood adversity and self esteem, Attitudes Toward Adolescent Sexuality (AFSA), perceptions about motherhood and reproduction, and economic characteristics in adolescents aged 15 to 19. This study is part of a school-based cross-sectional epidemiological survey conducted between 2016 and 2017 with a sample of 2,293 students in high schools in the Greater Vitória Metropolitan Region, Espírito Santo. To analyze AFSA and its associations, the sample consisted only of female adolescents, totaling 1,376 participants. Descriptive and inferential statistics were performed based on the survey of socioeconomic characteristics and four instruments: the Childhood Adversity History Questionnaire, the Self-Esteem Scale, the Attitudes Toward Sexuality Scale, and the Values and Beliefs Questionnaire about Sexuality and Motherhood, in adapted versions. One of the questions from the Integrated Social Capital Questionnaire was used to analyze the association between interpersonal relationships and self-esteem. Frequencies were calculated, and Pearson's chi-square test, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multinomial logistic regression were applied. The results demonstrated that childhood adversities determine self-esteem in adolescence. Statistically significant associations were found between low self-esteem and the following childhood adversities: emotional abuse (p<0.001), physical abuse (p<0.001), sexual abuse (p<0.001), substance use in the family (p<0.001), mental illness in the family (p<0.001), physical neglect (p<0.001), and emotional neglect (p<0.001). Regarding the research on AFSA, the results demonstrated that 20% of the participants presented unfavorable AFSA and AFSA were associated with self-esteem (Orajustado = 2.008; CI95% = 1.177-3.428), socioeconomic variables: race/color (Orajustado1.261; CI95%=1.087-1.463), marital status (Orajustado = 4.037; CI95% = 1.598-10.199), and education level of the head of the family (Orajustado = 0.677; CI95% = 0.569-0.806) and with all issues related to motherhood and reproduction (p<0.05). Higher levels of education of the adolescent's head of household exert a protective effect against adverse AFSA, and friendships exert a protective effect on self-esteem. The findings showed that adolescents with low selfesteem were six times more likely to have been exposed to four or more adversities during childhood (OR=6.7; 95% CI: 1.52-29.48), while adolescents with average self esteem were more likely to have adverse AFSA. Therefore, there is a need to identify all traumatic situations experienced by children during childhood to enable early interventions to reduce risks and harm to physical and mental health in childhood and later life.
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Palavras-chave
Abuso infantil , Gravidez na adolescência , Comportamento sexual