Psicologia

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17534

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia

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A utilização da violência na atividade policial: da insanidade coletiva à loucura solitária
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 1998-07-28) Cavassani, Sonia Maria Correa; Souza, Lídio de; Bretas, Marcos Luiz; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira
The literature about the police activities have emphasized a complex relationship between society and the police, detaching a historically working discriminatory and regulated by violent method, indicating direct involvement of the police activities to the interests of the domination class. In this context is unusual if it analyzes the conception of the police themselves. This work had the purpose to identify, through collected information together with the civil police, conceptions about the utilization of violent methods, the police functions, discriminatory working, the reasons for the ingress and the remaining in the institution, as well conceptions about the causes of the police getting sick and the relationship with other cops that have been already sick. The sample, was organized by 60 agents and investigators from the police department both male and female, classified into two groups: Gl: 30 people with medicai license, originated from mind’s disturbing, and Gll: 30 people without medicai license. The data were collected by organized questionary from highlighting the topics already mentioned. It was found significant difference statistically between the two groups of people considering most of the subject that had been approached. The results show a scission accentuated among cops followers and against of utilization of violence and consequently organization of reciprocai out-groups building a complex game of relations inter-groups ruled by the exclusion. The process for becoming sick, lived by some cops reflect with high rank of fidelity of the stress originated not only form the kind of work done, but mainly the opposition of conceptions about what must be the police institution and their method of work.
"Menina não entra": um estudo da segregação sexual na interação ludica de crianças de 8 e 9 anos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2000-11-24) Souza, Fabrício de; Rodrigues, Maria Margarida Pereira; 1º membro da banca
Estudantes de medicina e suas atitudes em relação à AIDS
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2001-05-28) Frauches, Diana de Oliveira; Rodrigues, Maria Margarida Pereira; Enumo, Sônia Regina Fiorim; Leal, Eroltildes Maria
The attitudes of professional health workers towards AIDS may cause deviations in technical behavior and evaluating students' attitudes while they are still in graduate schools may allow eventual actions before practice starts, thus avoiding the establishment of negative attitudes. Based on the fact that attitudes knowledge, affection and evaluation have their origins in social life and are largely shared, and considering that the attitudes towards AIDS may be related to professional training, in addition to existing controversies about the influence of gender, a probabilistic sample of 176 medical students, arranged according to sex and insertion in the course, was selected from the first and last college years, belonging to both two medical schools located in Espirito Santo, Brazil. The Scale of Attitudes towards AIDS (AAS), developed by Shrum, Turner and Bruce, was adapted and applied to the studied population distributed in groups according to school and insertion in the course. The results were analyzed using statistics non-parametric tests. The freshmen attitudes from both medical schools were similar. In one of the schools, the tolerance increased among the last year students in comparison with the first year students, while it decreased in the other school, with growth of the variegation of the scores. The "religion" and "knowing HIV/AIDS people" variables, that were considered too, didn't produce significant differences. Also there were not significant differences between gender in the first year group. It is discussed the adjustment of AAS to be used in our environment. The proposal of further studies to know the pedagogical projects and culture of the schools were this research took place is considered, as well as the role of gender in the students' attitudes towards AIDS.
Adolescentes com diabetes Mellitus tipo 1 :seu cotidiano e enfrentamento da doença
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2001-08-23) Santos, Jocimara Ribeiro dos; Enumo, Sônia Regina Fiorim; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira; Günther, Isolda de Araújo
The adolescence period has been studied under different approaches, and there are divergences about its universality. It is known, however that the physical transformations of puberty also cause psychosocial changes. This redefinition of roles, thoughts and attitudes can be quite influenced by the existence of a chronic disease as Diabetes Mellitus Type 1, which has the incidence of 1 or 2 in each hundred adolescents. They may have their daily routine altered. With the aim to describe and analyze how Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 affect adolescents’ coping and organize their daily routines, a comparison was made between adolescents with and without the disease. This research was undertaken with 15 adolescents (6 male and 9 female, with their age ranging from 12 to 20 years) enrolled in the Vitória’s public health Diabetes Mellitus Bearers Attendance Programs. The subjects were submitted to the collective and individual application of Daily Activities Map (DAM), (Menandro, Menandro & Oliveira, 1999) and to a closed/open individual interview, about coping. The DAM was applied collectively to 224 young adolescents without disease (122 girls and 102 boys, their age ranging from 12 to 20 years), students from Medium and Fundamental levels, from public schools in greater Vitória/ ES, for a comparative comparison. The data obtained from DAM were analysed through quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed, intending a differentiated evaluation of the author’s proposal; the interviews were content analysis. The data revealed that activities more accomplished by the adolescents were: activities directed to themselves, activities inside their home, pleasant ones, social ones, and that it involved action and control to alcohol consume. The activities more accomplished inside the house were: attending television programs and listening to some music. Despite the joet that Diabetes Mellitus Type 1 affected adolescents, pointing some difficulties in relation to the disease, they didn’t have their routine modified because of the disease. The results indicated that the adolescents with diabetes do not differentiate, in a significant way, from those without the disease.
As expectativas do ter e o fracasso do ser: representações sociais de adolescência e suicídio entre adolescentes
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2002-08-13) Silva, Priscilla de Oliveira Martins; Almeida, Ângela Maria de Oliveira; Trindade, Zeide Araujo; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira; Queiroz, Sávio Silveira de
The present work aims to discuss a phenomenon which has been occured often among the adolescent population: the suicide. In the scientific literature there are a few studies that understands that phenomenon in a psychossociological approach, the majority of the studies are focused on the sociological, psychological and psychiatrically approaches. Based on the Theory of Social Representation we analyze the meaning of adolescence and suicide among adolescents and verify the possible relations between these two themes. 360 adolescents of 14 to 23 years old participated in this research; 180 (90 female and 90 male) that live in a urban area and that study in a private school which is located in a neighborhood considered of a high-middle class and high class, and 180 (90 female and 90 male) that live in a rural area and that study in a agrotecnical public school. The results pointed out that the way each group represent the suicide depends on the way they live their adolescence. To the urban area group the social representation of adolescence is configured in two main themes: -party on? and support. The first one means the peer socialization and the second one the parental support. The main concern to this group is being alone. Therefore, the risk factors related to suicide are family problems such as: parental divorce, maltreatment, parental neglect, among others; and problems in relating with others, that can be related to self steam, psychiatric syndromes, among others. The rural area group represents adolescence as a quick transition to adulthood, thus, they are concerned with professional market reality, and not only with loneliness. Therefore the risk factors to these adolescents are the mentioned to the group that live in a urban area and social problems such as: unemployment, low wages, financial difficulties, among others. From the results we conclude that, to have a good adolescent health treatment is indispensable knowing better the adolescents‘ fears, life projects, beliefs, social context in order to provide a effective group of action on that way.
As expectativas do ter e o fracasso do ser: representações sociais de adolescência e suicídio entre adolescentes
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2002-08-13) Martins, Priscilla de Oliveira; Almeida, Ângela Maria de Oliveira; Trindade, Zeidi Araújo; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira; Queiroz, Sávio Silveira de
The present work aims to discuss a phenomenon which has been occured often among the adolescent population: the suicide. In the scientific literature there are a few studies that understands that phenomenon in a psychossociological approach, the majority of the studies are focused on the sociological, psychological and psychiatrically approaches. Based on the Theory of Social Representation we analyze the meaning of adolescence and suicide among adolescents and verify the possible relations between these two themes. 360 adolescents of 14 to 23 years old participated in this research; 180 (90 female and 90 male) that live in a urban area and that study in a private school which is located in a neighborhood considered of a high-middle class and high class, and 180 (90 female and 90 male) that live in a rural area and that study in a agrotecnical public school. The results pointed out that the way each group represent the suicide depends on the way they live their adolescence. To the urban area group the social representation of adolescence is configured in two main themes: -party on? and support. The first one means the peer socialization and the second one the parental support. The main concern to this group is being alone. Therefore, the risk factors related to suicide are family problems such as: parental divorce, maltreatment, parental neglect, among others; and problems in relating with others, that can be related to self steam, psychiatric syndromes, among others. The rural area group represents adolescence as a quick transition to adulthood, thus, they are concerned with professional market reality, and not only with loneliness. Therefore the risk factors to these adolescents are the mentioned to the group that live in a urban area and social problems such as: unemployment, low wages, financial difficulties, among others. From the results we conclude that, to have a good adolescent health treatment is indispensable knowing better the adolescents fears, life projects, beliefs, social context in order to provide a effective group of action on that way
Criatividade em crianças com dificuldade de aprendizagem: avaliação e intervenção através de procedimentos tradicional e assistido
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2004-03-05) Dias, Tatiane Lebre; Enumo, Sônia Regina Fiorim; Linhares, Maria Beatriz Martins; Primi, Ricardo; Souza, Lídio; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira
There are low expectations of creative and cognitive performance in students with learning disability (LD). This situation worsens due to the problems of definition and evaluation from these areas. Aiming at contribution for changes in these expectations and for the study of the relationship between these areas, a contribution of two approaches of cognitive assessment – traditional and assisted was done for the study of creativity in 34 students (8 to 12 years) attending second and third grades in a public school in Vitória, ES with an indication of learning disability (LD) by the low performance in the School Performance Test (SPT). The students were distributed in control and experimental groups (CG and EG), the last being submitted by a development program of creativity (25 sessions over 3 months) approaching the verbal and figurative areas. On the pre-test and posttest, some evaluations were applied: a) traditional – academic (SPT), cognitive (WISC and Raven Progressive Colorful Matrices) and of creativity (Torrance tests of creative thinking); and b) assisted – Constraint – seeking questions of several pictures (C-SQ) having phases with no help, of assistance, maintenance and transfer which look into strategies for the constraint – seeking questions and provide a profile of performance (high score, gainer, non-maintainer, transferrer and non-transferrer). The SPT was reapplied as a follow-up three months after the post-test. Initially, in the traditional assessment the groups did not show any 10 difference in the WISC (average Total-IQ: 92) however in the post-test they had a significant intra-group increase in the Total-IQ (98) and Execution-IQ (95); in Raven the groups initially displayed significant differences favorable to CG (66; EG: 47) which extinguished in the post-test (CG: 68; EG: 60); in Torrance, in the post test, EG increased significantly the means in fluency verbal (pre: 15.4; pos: 21.4) and flexibility verbal (pre: 8.5; post: 11.1), whereas CG increased in flexibility verbal (pre: 7.7; post: 10.1). In the assisted assessment, between the pre and post-test, there was an increase of the high-score profile in both groups, being greater in the EG (from I to 8; GC: from 6 to 10); it also increased the transferrer profile in the EG (from 10 to 16) whereas it kept the same in the CG (16). The significant differences between the groups showed the positive effects for the development program of creativity and the adequacy of these approaches in the evaluation and intervention over the cognitive areas and the creativity of the assessed students.
Memória dos verdes anos: saudade da infância na música popular brasileira - uma investigação e uma proposta de análise de dados
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2004-03-30) Nascimento, Adriano Roberto Afonso do; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira; Trindade, Zeidi Araujo; Rodrigues, Maria Margarida Pereira; Andrade, Angela Nobre de; Almeida, Angela Maria de Oliveira
Despite the current interest of Humanities in the Memory question, the recurrence in which recorded events are identified as nostalgic in day to day discourse of Brazilians has been underestimated. Memory and Nostalgia (here understood as missing or longing after a lost past, after the Portuguese word ´Saudade´) do not have the same meaning, but are strongly related. As it points out to an affective component of the mnemonic content, the problems of this relation are of interest for the understanding of ampler psychosocial processes. Considering that constitutive elements of Social Memory are shared, it is possible to perceive the quotidian meaning of Nostalgia, what is investigated through the identification of elements commonly characterized as nostalgic, as well as the relation between these elements, and their constancies and inconstancies, in textual material about childhood nostalgia. The “boyhood times” are recurrently identified as nostalgic both in the artistic-cultural productions and in the common man memories, what justifies the choice of this particular remembrance as valid. Since the amount and the variety of elements which potentially could be remembered nostalgically were large, we opted for the conjugation of different procedures to analyze these memories. The source of nostalgic reports about childhood was a set of popular song lyrics of our country, documental material that has been progressively valued in historical-cultural studies for its characteristics of, among other advantages, picturing elements of the daily life of both the song writers and the consumer public. With the objective of evaluating the vocabulary and the nostalgic content made explicit in the lyrics of 70 (seventy) songs of Brazilian popular music, they were submitted to a software for statistical analysis of textual data (Alceste) and to a classical procedure of Content Analysis. A complementary procedure, which was called Content Networks, was proposed in order to evaluate the characteristics of the links between the elements remembered by the song writers. The results show a high frequency of mentions of child activities, child plays and games, predominantly realized outside the domestic space. The sociability network, which groups other boys, the family and young love, was also well cited. The possible localization of the physical space where the childhood occurred, indicated through the mention of natural elements, suggests the constant presence of memories of a childhood lived in the country, in opposition of an adulthood lived in urban areas. The integrated treatment of the utilized analyses procedures’ results permitted the characterization of the dynamics of the nostalgic discourse as agreeing with the more general dynamics of Social Memory. In special, the explicit identification of value for the memories indicate a particularity of this discourse, since it aggregates a sentimental value which avoids it to be taken as a mere description of the past. In this sense, the analyzed lyrics set takes us to the perception of aspects of the present of who remembers. In the comparison of a happy past and a not so happy present, the coherence of the discourse of who remembers the childhood nostalgically is in play.
Atividades lúdicas entre adultos jovens: um estudo com universitários capixabas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2004-05-28) Pylro, Simone Chabudee; Rossetti, Claudia Broetto; Ortega, Antonio Carlos; Souza, Maria Thereza Costa Coelho de
The intention of this research was to investigate the favorite ludic activities carried out by young adults. The investigation employed a questionnaire, applied to 213 Capixaba university students aged between 20 and 40 years old, to find out if the differentiation in ludic preference evidences in adulthood, in function of the gender. It was verified that, on a daily basis, very little time was dedicated to games and play. The favorite activities were dating, being with friends, going to the movies, listening to music and watching TV. Amongst the men, typical activities were soccer and aggressive games/ playing activities. Ludic activities considered typically female were mainly related to symbolic games. Among the reasons causing difficulties for ludic activities, the most prominent were work, study and fatigue. It was evident the notorious differences, according to gender, regarding the ludic activities performed, as well as the time dedicated to such, in function of gender.
Área profissional e processo da tomada de consciência: análise microgenética do jogo torre de Hanói
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2004-05-28) Resende, Augusto Cezar Romero de; Ortega, Antônio Carlos; Rossetti, Claudia Broetto; Macedo, Lino de
This research investigated, with a microgenetics approach, the influence of two professional areas in the process of conscience building of the strategies and the procedures utilized by university students in the resolution of a problem contained in a game of rules. Participated in the study fifteen civil engineering students and fifteen psychology students. The instrument of investigation utilized was the Hanoi Tower game, which has the objective of transporting a tower of "n" discs from the initial column to another column, passing through an intermediary column. The research developed in three stages, as follows: stage 1 - grouping trials of resolution of the problem contained in towers with 2, 3, 4, and 5 discs, followed by the recording of the plays in a protocol; stage 2 - comprehending the construction of a table from which the regularities between the number of displacements of each disc and the total number of displacements in each tower; stage 3 - involving an interview based on a script containing questions about the utilized strategies. To analyze the process of conscience building, characterized by the relation between the do and the understand, six evolutionary levels (IA, IB, IIA, IIB, IIC and III) The main results obtained allowed to verify that, with respect to doing, most of the participants (60%) solved the problem contained in all towers. However, it was noticed that, while most of the Civil Engineering students (80%) achieved complete success, that is, solved the problem contained in the four towers with a minimum number of displacements, most of the psychology students (60%) achieved partial success, that is, solved the problem contained in some towers with a minimum number of movements and, for other towers, with an extra number of displacements. With respect to comprehending, it was verified that most of the psychology students (66,7%) coordinated at least two strategies by means of conceptualizing, while the majority of the engineering majors (53,3%) was not able to coordinate any. With respect to the process of conscience building, the results showed that 33,34% of the psychology students were classified on level IIA, meaning that they achieved partial success in doing and partial comprehension of the problem, while 46,66% of the Civil Engineering were classified on level IIC, that is, achieved complete success in doing and a partial comprehension of the system contained in the game.
Mulheres aprisionadas: representando o universo prisional
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2004-06-14) Frinhani, Fernanda de Magalhaes Dias; Souza, Lídio de; Trindade, Zeidi Araújo; Galinkin, Ana Lúcia
The violence in which current societies are immersed can be measured, among other factors, by the substantial increase in prison population, increase that has favored the violation of the rights of the inmates and the disobedience of the Penal Execution Law. In the Brazilian penitentiary scenery the female prison population is very small when compared to the male counterpart and the data about female criminality are scarce and not enlightening. The objective of this work was to investigate the social representations of the prison space of women inmates in a State Female Penitentiary. For this study, we opted for a semi-structured interview as data collection instrument. Ten women inmates were interviewed, chosen among those serving a sentence for at least one year, utilizing a script which focused the following aspects of their daily life: social-demographic data; moment of crime; how the sentence functions are perceived; relation with family prior and after incarceration; life before incarceration; penitentiary day-to-day; vision of the treatment received in the penitentiary; what are the main difficulties encountered in prison; future projects. The data were organized from the content analysis of the interviews and their organization in individual synthesis-structures. Data revealed that the practices and the experiences lived and shared by the interviewees are fundamental for the construction and transformation of their representations on the different aspects of the prison quotidian. The construction of representations goes from the repulse and distance, passing through the total dread, and gets to the resignated acceptance. These transformations are strongly marked by the share of space as well as by strategies that permit the support of being in prison: family closeness, religion, some labour activity learning. Some gender characteristics also mark the prison existence: samples of the way they take good care of their bodies and of the space they occupy, referring to the cells as their houses; gossips diligence with their companions and the interviewers believe in the purpose of the punishment as resocialization. For many, the prison was the salvation of their lives. Also, the practices of violation of rights, mainly with respect to the actions of justice workers must be studied in more detail, such that the actions of these professionals become a vehicle of social promotion and not of exclusion, as has commonly occurred.
Representação social de adolescentes sobre o "viciado" em drogas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2004-06-30) Cuvello, Sulamita Táita Vitorino; Trindade, Zeidi Araujo; Souza, Lídio de; Nascimento, Adriano Roberto Afonso do
The research discusses the social representation elaborated by the adolescents about thee drug "addict", expressing how the use of psychoactive substances evolved since the "primitive" societies until contemporary society. We attempted also to verify the main motives that influence drug consumption at this age, according to the subjects, identifying the forms of prevention performed by the school. We highlight also some factors that can be construed as predisposing to drug use during the adolescence. The study was based in a psychosocial approach, conceptually and methodologically oriented by the theory of social representations, based upon the central core theory. Participated 140 students, 70 from public schools and 70 from the private sector, with ages varying from 15 to 20 years, who answered a collectively applied script. The data were analyzed with the aid of the software EVOC, in the question of free association that used the inductor term, "drug addict", and the software ALCESTE for content analysis on the remaining questions. The results indicated, both on public school and on private school, the existence of a common field of social representations structured around the conception of "addict" as an unfortunate person, inspiring feelings of pity and of someone who needs help. The study reveals also that the adolescents of private school emphasize more than their counterparts on public school that the "addict" is the main responsible for the addiction.
Na corda bamba: reforma psiquiátrica e saúde mental na atenção primária
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2004-08-23) Romanholi, Andréa Campos; Andrade, Ângela Nobre de; Trindade, Zeide Araújo; Amarante, Paulo Duarte de
This study discusses about the limits and possibilities of the Brazilian psychiatric reform implementation in the primary health care. Services on this issue have been assumed as a doorway to the Brazilian health system (SUS), however, they are not understood as part of the net of this system when it is concerning to people affected by madness. Trying to investigate that fact, this study has been worked with the primary health care professionals, through application of semi-structured interviews, questionnaires and focus group; so that, it was possible to get to know the difficulties and possibilities in order to transform that reality, and count on this service during the reform process. It could be assumed that, in the professionals point of view, the Basic Health Units have an important role in the psychiatric reform, once they are effectively territorial services, which allows one to get to know the users and their reality; and to accompany them throughout the several moments of their lives. However, those professionals reported several difficulties that make their possibilities to abandon the traditional practices of health extremely tough. They are very affected by the reality they face, by the excessive demand, and by the work process that is still bureaucratic and incoherent with the transformation proposals. Those difficulties refer to the attention to the general problems of the health field, and also interferes in the possibility to assume the attention of the people with mental problems that are seen as people who are required larger flexibility from the services to be attended. However, regardless the need of larger know-how, the mentioned difficulties are the same ones faced for the construction of a new model of attention to the health and the relationship with the mental health area is received in a positive way. About it, there are some expectations that this mentioned area, with its know-how and techniques, helps them to overcome difficulties. On the other hand, the work in the primary health care has shown a more complex reality than that which has being worked on the field of the reform. The last one deals with users who are victims of violence and exclusion that which is typical in the traditional psychiatric thought and in the primary health care there are those and more the enormous amount of people that suffer the violence of the social and economical exclusion, by living in poverty with lack of life perspectives and threatened by the informal but influential nets of the “local power” (coming from drug traffic and family violence). So, it is evaluated that the union of those two fields (psychiatry reformation and primary heath care) may enrich both, so that, it will cause the transformation of their practices and the enlargement of the invention opportunities.
Moralidade e homicídio: um estudo sobre a motivação e a ação do transgressor
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2004-09-02) Borges, Luciana Souza; Alencar, Heloisa Moulin de; La Taille, Yves de; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira
The objective of this research was to investigate the representation of homicidal subjects as to the reasons of. the crime ( motivation ), and of the crime itself ( action ), not only at the time of the homicide ( past ) as for the present moment as well ( present ), by means of judgement of representation of reality (JRR), and of judgement of moral value (JVM). The sample consisted of 20 men, their ages varying between 30 and 49 years old, in prison and under parole at the Court s Division of Penal Executions of Vitória-ES. Individual interviews were made, according to the clinical method proposed by Piaget ( 1926/s.d.; 1932/1994). From the gathered data, we verifyed that in relation to: 1) the homicidal stories, most crimes took place at night, in public spaces, by fire weapon, against men known to the transgressor, both drunk; 2) as to the motivation for homicide, the JRR emphasized in the present and in the past, the physical aggression which took place, justified in the present mainly because the aggressor felt humiliated, and in the past, because he wanted to take revenge, and the transgressor s or victim s own characteristics; the JVM that was more mentionned in the past, was that their reasons were right due to the characteristics of those interviewed or of the victims, for the suffered humiliations or for the fact that they had to defend a life, whereas in the present, the most cited judgement was that their motives were wrong, in face of. the negative consequences of their crime, and of the religious arguments; 3) as to the action of the homicide, the JRR most mentionned in the past , was that those who had committed it, would do it again, either for the suffered humiliation or for the feeling they had experienced; and in the present they mentionned that they wouldn t kill again, due to the negative consequences of the crime, to the victim s own characteristics, and to religious motives; the JVM more mentionned in the past was that the action would be wrong, because of. the negative consequences, whereas in the present all of them judged as wrong the committed homicide, due to negative consequences, to the value attributed to life, and to religious motives; 4) as to the data in general , there was a greater tendency in condemning the homicide, and not its motivation; the religious arguments were linked to the fact that in the present , those interviewed judged as wrong the motivation and the action for the crime, and therefore they wouldn t do it again; the explanations linked to humiliation belongs mainly to the past, so as to justify as correct the judgement of value of the motivation and of the action, as a reason for why at that time, they would commit homicide again, as an action for honour .
Desenvolvimento de estratégias cognitivas implicadas na aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira no contexto de oficinas de jogos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-02-24) Silva, Sirley Trugilho da; Rossetti, Claudia Broetto; Queiroz, Sávio Silveira de; Currie, Karen Lois
The purpose of this research was to investigate whether the development of cognitive strategies implied in foreign language learning could be facilitated by the practice of games of rules during workshops. Previous research had used this instrument to develop reasoning abilities. Three students of an English as a foreign language course who were in the beginners classes participated in this research. Since they had no previous contact with the language and felt some initial problems with English, it was assumed that the changes regarding the buildup of specific learning strategies would be significant during this period. The participants teachers filled in a form with some considerations about their performance prior to and following the participation of the students in the workshops, which were held weekly, during one hour, amounting to 10 meetings, using the versions of the Mastermind game, known as: abc and hidden word , besides the memory game. During the workshops, the participants were monitored and an observation protocol was filled in; a diary was kept in which pertinent information was noted, and the matches played were registered on specific forms. In general, the participants demonstrated a reasonable level of performance in the workshops. The main questions that appeared during the meetings were related to lack of attention, shyness and lack of confidence. However, it was possible to observe the construction of new cognitive strategies many times during the meetings, which seems to have affected the performance of each participant in the classroom, as the respective teachers emphasized. The conclusion, therefore, is that the practice of games of rules can in fact help the development of cognitive strategies implied in foreign language learning in a very interesting way.
Nos caminhos da psicologia capixaba: notas para a história da psicologia, da psiquiatria e da saúde pública no Estado do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-02-25) Lemos, Milena Fiorim de Lima; Garcia, Agnaldo; Guedes, Maria do Carmo; Borloti, Elizeu Batista
This study aimed at investiganting the insertion of the first psychologists in the public health services in the State of Espírito Santo (Brazil) and its historical circumstances, presenting a contribution to the History of Psychology, Psychiatry and Public Health. Several aspects of these historical events have been analyzed: the situation of local psychiatry with details of the type of treatment furnished by psychiatrists to patients at the Hospital Adauto Botelho and the Pronto Socorro Psiquiátrico of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim before the insertion of the first psychologists following the arrival of these professionals at the psychiatric institutions; the partnerships established between psychiatrists and psychologists following the arrival of these professionals at the psychiatric institutions; the treatment furnished by psychologists to patients of these institutions and the changes in the psychiatric institutions after the insertion of this new professional category, the psychologist. Two psychiatrists, three psychologists and an auxiliar nurse answered a semi-structured interview. Besides that, documents of the time supplied by the State Health Secretary and found in the Public Archives of Espírito Santo have been analyzed. The results indicate, among other points, that the insertion of the first psuchologists in the public health services in the Espírito Santo took place from 1976 on, in a local context full of criticism against the prevalent notion of madness and the therapeutics offered to those considered mentally ill and, even, taking into account the problem of social injustices. So, original actions were adopted at the time to face this situation.
"Nos caminhos da psicologia capixaba": notas para a história da psicologia, da psiquiatria e da saúde pública no Estado do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-02-25) Lima, Milena Fiorim de; Garcia, Agnaldo; Guedes, Maria do Carmo; Borloti, Elizeu Batista
This study aimed at investiganting the insertion of the first psychologists in the public health services in the State of Espírito Santo (Brazil) and its historical circumstances, presenting a contribution to the History of Psychology, Psychiatry and Public Health. Several aspects of these historical events have been analyzed: the situation of local psychiatry with details of the type of treatment furnished by psychiatrists to patients at the Hospital Adauto Botelho and the Pronto Socorro Psiquiátrico of Cachoeiro de Itapemirim before the insertion of the first psychologists following the arrival of these professionals at the psychiatric institutions; the partnerships established between psychiatrists and psychologists following the arrival of these professionals at the psychiatric institutions; the treatment furnished by psychologists to patients of these institutions and the changes in the psychiatric institutions after the insertion of this new professional category, the psychologist. Two psychiatrists, three psychologists and an auxiliar nurse answered a semi-structured interview. Besides that, documents of the time supplied by the State Health Secretary and found in the Public Archives of Espírito Santo have been analyzed. The results indicate, among other points, that the insertion of the first psuchologists in the public health services in the Espírito Santo took place from 1976 on, in a local context full of criticism against the prevalent notion of madness and the therapeutics offered to those considered mentally ill and, even, taking into account the problem of social injustices. So, original actions were adopted at the time to face this situation.
Libertando o sonho da criação: um olhar psicológico sobre os jogos de interpretação de papéis (RPG)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-03-23) Miranda, Eduardo Silva; Rossetti, Claudia Broetto; 1º membro da banca
Role Playing Games (RPG) had been constantly criticized or defended in many forms, several times without a scientific approach. These kind of games appear in the playful behaviors of many adolescents. With the increasing use of RPG on education and more researches been developed in the area, it makes necessary a psychological approach of the matter. To make this possible, this work relates the speech of some players with intrinsic aspects of the RPG dynamics. A view of the RPG characteristics could be done with these data, as well as a look on the relations that the subjects make with the game and its possible consequences. The data were grouped in categories after some questionnaires and interviews had been done. The final results show the way of being of a small group of players of Espirito Santo's state and allows a psychological analysis of the characteristics collected. It was possible to evaluate what is the place of RPG in the subjects routine, as well as specific characteristics of the game that are of special interests of Psychology.
Uma análise da dimensão ético-política do trabalho de agentes comunitários de saúde do município de Vitória
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-05-10) Reis, Luciana Bicalho; Andrade, Angela Nobre de; Szymanski, Heloisa; Rodrigues, Maria Margarida Pereira
The changes that the Brazilian public health went through the last decades, with the Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) and the Programa de Saúde da Família (PFS), arose big challenges referred to the assistance given to the population. In this context, the community health agent (ACS) is revealed as fundamental importance to this assistance quality, once its basic function is to develop an approximation/interlocution between the offered services and the cultural, linguistic and political universes of the assisted communities. This research analyses the ethical-political dimension present in ACS practices, or rather, it observes what kind of relation these professionals have been establishing with the community and what measure its acting has been shown as engaged to the transformation of concrete life conditions of the population. To make it possible, Unidade de Saúde da Família (Family Health Unity) from Vitória /ES was selected and ten agents were attended. It adopts the Participatory Observation Method that constituted the agents every day life activities follow up. The focal group technique was used in a way to access these workers conceptions about their own work and the health concept that permeates its practices. Data is analyzed through a genealogical-historical perspective, making them to be understood as social, political and historical force effects. It concluded that the agent acting brings progress, once it makes possible the assistance creation ways to be more contextualized, cordial to the assisted population real necessities. However, it ascertains that, even though agents see health as multiple determination effects (social, biological and subjective), their acting is still individually centered on people, proposing action with a broader character, aiming at mediating the social and political determinants of the illness/health phenomenon. This limitation is shown as the result of multiple determinants and not simply as a personal posture. The production demand imposed by Secretaria Municipal de Saúde; the election that elaborates the priorities, most of the time far from the real population necessities; the value not given by the professional team to the discourse and work made by agents, among other aspects, indicated the reformulation necessity just like the propose has been made real, to make possible the accomplishments of the agents work, as determined by PSF. Finally, it notes how established relations between the professional teams and the places occupied by the agents in the Program, have produced, in these workers, a state of suffering and sickness for not have legitimated its role and discourse within the formulation and execution process of the intervention proposes in the population.
O atendimento a envolvidos em violência: concepções de psicólogos sobre gênero e violência conjugal
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-07-22) Oliveira, Danielle Cristina de; Souza, Lídio de; Menandro, Maria Cristina Smith; Rosa, Edinete Maria
The Feminist Movement contributed to the public debate on gender and conjugal violence. Conjugal violence has been discussed from the dualist conception: man-aggressor versus woman-victim and understood as violence against women. The emergence of academic works which analyzed conjugal violence by theoretical approaches, and that contested this dualist view, made possible the understanding of the subject by means of the multiple roles of men and women in a violent affective relation. The relational referential does not ignore the cultural productions on gender and ethnicity, which produce differences of power within the couple, although defends that the comprehension of violence between partners cannot be reduced to the idea of feminine subalternity. Considering these contexts, this study investigated conceptions on gender and conjugal violence of the nine psychologists who worked in public programs that assist those involved in conjugal violence in Greater Vitória, ES, Brazil, by means of a semi-structured interview that covered the following themes: psychological assistance, gender, conjugality, and conjugal violence. The psychological practices were characterized by a diversity of assistances: clinical assistances, the couple s therapy, the psychological orientation, the groups therapy, and practices in cooperation with other specialties, mainly law and social service. The main meanings were highlighted: gender was considered a relation of power between men and women, socially constructed, still strongly influenced by the traditional roles of man provider and woman nurturer. In general, conjugal violence is understood as a process of oppression mediated by an unequal power between men and women, expressed by physical and psychological aggression. The psychologists assume, therefore, a pro-feminist posture, existing basically two styles of action. One part develops actions with reference to the principles of the feminist movement, assuming exclusively a role of defense of the battered women; these interviewees assist predominantly women and demonstrate in their speeches clear influences of the dualist conception. The other group of psychologists also consider the non-symmetries between genders, but constructs the psychological practices by the mediation of conflicts between men and women, clearly considering the costs of the gender charge and the consequences of conjugal violence for men and women approaching the relational referential.

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