Mestrado em Ciências Veterinárias
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2008
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (PORTARIA 609 de 14 de março de 2019) Publicado no D.O.U - 18/03/2019
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Ciências Veterinárias
Url do curso: https://cienciasveterinarias.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGCV/detalhes-do-curso?id=1451
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Navegando Mestrado em Ciências Veterinárias por Autor "Almeida, Marco Túlio Costa"
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- ItemO impacto da Haematobia irritans na prevalência da mastite subclínica em rebanhos leiteiros(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-03-12) Serafim Júnior, Alclecir Bitencourt; Torres, Rodrigo de Nazaré Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0453-542X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8459074474066495; Almeida, Marco Túlio Costa; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8730-0425; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7297285577963405; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4125-2572; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6571871986330673; Valença, Roberta de Lima; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1341-1602; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8772231390273217; Silva, Maria Aparecida da; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0967-3925; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9360093834818219The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of the horn fly (Haematobia irritans) to carry bacterial agents causing subclinical mastitis in cattle, relating the microbiota present on the surface of these insects to the identification of bacteria in milk samples and swabs from the teat surfaces of cows diagnosed with subclinical mastitis. The study was conducted on two dairy farms in the municipality of Alegre, Espírito Santo, Brazil, where technical visits were carried out to assess sanitary conditions and milk production management.The identification of cows with subclinical mastitis was performed using the California Mastitis Test (CMT), and milk and teat surface swab samples were collected from positive animals. Horn flies were captured in the milking area, near the animals. The samples were subjected to bacteriological cultures on MacConkey Agar, Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) Agar, and Sabouraud Agar, and the isolated colonies were characterized based on colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests for catalase and coagulase. The results indicated that Staphylococcus aureus was the main etiological agent isolated, being present in most milk and teat swab samples from cows with subclinical mastitis. Additionally, microbiological analysis of the flies revealed the presence of S. aureus, Gram-positive bacilli, and Gram-negative bacilli, demonstrating that these insects can act as mechanical vectors for pathogen transmission in the milking environment. The multivariate statistical analysis (PCA) revealed a strong association between the fly microbiota and the presence of S. aureus in milk and teat samples, especially in Farm 1, where the pathogen was predominant. In Farm 2, Streptococcus spp. was identified more frequently, suggesting a closer relationship between milking hygiene and the presence of these microorganisms. Based on these findings, it is concluded that the horn fly acts as a vector for bacterial agents associated with subclinical mastitis in cattle, making it an epidemiologically relevant factor in the dairy production chain. Thus, effective control of this ectoparasite is essential to reduce the spread of microorganisms in the milking environment and mitigate the impact of subclinical mastitis on dairy productivity. Furthermore, continuous monitoring of the isolated bacteria can support more effective sanitary management strategies on dairy farms, minimizing economic losses and improving milk quality.
- ItemPerfil produtivo e endoparasitário da bovinocultura leiteira do município de Alegre–ES: uma análise multivariada(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-07-09) Almeida, Rafael Assis Torres de; Torres, Rodrigo de Nazaré Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0453-542X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8459074474066495; Almeida, Marco Túlio Costa; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8730-0425; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7297285577963405; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0949110783844972; Martins, Isabella Vilhena Freire; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8700-3065; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6446528818006897; Guerson, Yuri Barbosa; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7796-0921; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6290312600632479 ; Rego, Rafael Otaviano do; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9291-7219; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7032024290799824Despite ongoing evolution in milk production, it's crucial to acknowledge potential obstacles that could adversely impact profitability if not properly identified and addressed. This study aimed to assess production profiles and endoparasite prevalence in dairy herds in Alegre, ES, using multivariate analysis. Research was conducted on local farms using surveys and fecal samples from cattle. Descriptive statistics and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to identify the main factors influencing dairy farming in the region.Findings revealed that 79% of farms employed family labour, 46% received technical support, and 82% of producers resided on site. Farms averaged 44 hectares with approximately 50 predominantly Girolando breed cattle. Average daily production was 96 litres per farm and 7.1 litres per animal. Seventy percent practised rotational grazing, with milk chilled in communal (46%) or individual (50%) tanks. Health management was robust, with vaccination rates exceeding 93% for rabies, clostridiosis, and brucellosis. Bovine parasitic diseases, notably helminthiases (27%), were prevalent. Cypermethrin (42%) and levamisole (73%) were commonly used for parasite control. Natural mating predominated for reproductive management (33%), often combined with biotechnologies (50%). Endoparasite prevalence analysis from 97 adult mixed breed cattle showed helminthiases at 64%, varying by severity. Eggs of Strongylidea (77%), Trichuris sp. (6%), Moniezia sp. (13%), and Ascaridae (13%) were identified. Coccidiosis affected 74% of farms, particularly in young animals (68%), often co-occurring with helminth eggs (77.4%). Fasciola hepatica was found in 16.1% of farms. Multivariate analysis highlighted variables such as animal count, daily farm milk production, paddock numbers, milk yield per hectare, labour, farm size, EPG (eggs per gram), OOPG (oocysts per gram), and rainfall patterns. These findings underscore the importance of targeted policies and programs to bolster Alegre's dairy sector and enhance parasite management. Integrating traditional and modern practices, along with robust technical support and effective sanitary practices, is pivotal for
- ItemSuplementação com doses crescentes de selênio associado à vitamina E no tratamento de bovinos com hematúria enzoótica(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-03-10) Moreira Júnior, Carlos Alberto; Nunes, Louisiane de Carvalho; https://orcid.org/0000000349240614; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8222729734090366; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1259-7997; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9151124478998136; Almeida, Marco Túlio Costa; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8730-0425; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7297285577963405; Guerson, Yuri Barbosa; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7796-0921; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6290312600632479Enzootic bovine hematuria (EBH) is a clinical form of poisoning in cattle caused by the consumption of Pteridium sp. (bracken fern). This disease has a high prevalence in the south of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil and has no treatment. However, supplementation using selenium (Se) and vitamin E has been shown to be viable. Thus, the aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with increasing doses of selenium associated with vitamin E in cattle with enzootic hematuria, as well as to compare selenium levels in whole blood and blood serum and to evaluate the relative activity of the monoamine enzyme oxidase (MAO) in the serum of these animals. For this, 51 whole blood samples and 68 serum samples from 18 cattle with a clinical form of EBH were analyzed.The experimental design was a completely randomized design, with four groups distributed, namely: control group (saline solution), treatment group 1 (0.05 mg/Kg of Se), treatment group 2 (0.10 mg/kg of Se) and treatment group 3 (0.20 mg/Kg of Se), all groups received 500mg/animal of vitamin E in association. Parenteral supplementation was performed intramuscularly for 13 weeks. Biweekly evaluations were performed regarding the intensity of hematuria and weight gain, hematocrit, total plasma proteins (TPP), plasma fibrinogen, Se and relative MAO activity. For statistical analysis were used Kruskal Wallis and Friedman tests with a significance level of 5%, both followed by Dunn's multiple comparison test. It was found that there was no significant difference in weight between the different groups, but there was a reduction in weight over time in the control group. However, there was a significant difference in the intensity of hematuria in the treatment group 1 in relation to the control group after three weeks of supplementation, though, there was no significant difference in the intensity of hematuria over time. There was a significant increase in hematocrit in the treatment group 1 compared to the control group after seven weeks of supplementation, but there was no difference over time in each treatment. For PPT and Fb, no significant differences were observed either between treatments or in relation to time. Se levels were higher in treatment group 1, reaching the highest concentration at serum M8. Relative MAO activity did not differ between groups, but showed a significant reduction over time in each treatment. The supplementation of dairy cattle affected by EBH, using a dose of 0.05 mg/kg selenium associated with vitamin E, improved the clinical sign of hematuria and increased the hematocrit of the animals after three and seven weeks of supplementation, respectively. Serum proved to be the best place to measure Se and there was an increase in the concentration of this element in the eighth week of supplementation. In addition, there was a reduction in MAO activity that can be attributed to vitamin E supplementation, with no influence of different doses of Se.