Psicologia

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17534
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia

Centro: CCHN
Telefone: (27) 4009 2501
URL do programa: http://www.psicologia.ufes.br/pos-graduacao/PPGP

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Navegando Psicologia por Autor "Almeida, Angela Maria de Oliveira"

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    A representação social de prática profissional para psicólogos clínicos da Grande Vitória/ES
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-05-22) Mendes, Flávio Martins de Souza; Trindade, Zeidi Araújo; Almeida, Angela Maria de Oliveira; Menandro, Maria Cristina Smith
    Over the last thirty years, the professionals of psychology have sought to meet their professional practices. It has done studies and discussions regarding paradigms that underpin the profession, practices and beliefs about the psychologist and practice. Among them, we see the relevance and importance of clinical psychology, however, few studies have been conducted with professionals involved in this area. The research aimed to investigate and analyze the social representation of practice for clinical psychologists in Grande Vitória/ES. Dimensional Analysis and Dynamics of Social Representations (Theory of Social Representations) was used to investigate the concepts that make up the practice. Eighteen active clinical psychologists in office were interviewed. We used the software ALCESTE analysis. We worked with the elements of the classes identified by Alceste to compose the dimensions of social representation. It was found that respondents constructed information about clinical psychology and practice before entering the course or early in training. The theories used in the clinic are important aspects of this approach. Attitudes towards practice are extremely favorable, and unfavorable when compared to the beliefs of the population or the medical practice, touching in identity aspects. As for the field, we recognized a split image into two: 1) Picture of the atributions and practices of classical clinical psychologist; 2) Picture of problems, changes and difficulties. It was possible to identify the social representation of practice for clinical psychologists, raising important for the field of clinical psychology and the theory of social representations issues.
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    Memória dos verdes anos: saudade da infância na música popular brasileira - uma investigação e uma proposta de análise de dados
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2004-03-30) Nascimento, Adriano Roberto Afonso do; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira; Trindade, Zeidi Araujo; Rodrigues, Maria Margarida Pereira; Andrade, Angela Nobre de; Almeida, Angela Maria de Oliveira
    Despite the current interest of Humanities in the Memory question, the recurrence in which recorded events are identified as nostalgic in day to day discourse of Brazilians has been underestimated. Memory and Nostalgia (here understood as missing or longing after a lost past, after the Portuguese word ´Saudade´) do not have the same meaning, but are strongly related. As it points out to an affective component of the mnemonic content, the problems of this relation are of interest for the understanding of ampler psychosocial processes. Considering that constitutive elements of Social Memory are shared, it is possible to perceive the quotidian meaning of Nostalgia, what is investigated through the identification of elements commonly characterized as nostalgic, as well as the relation between these elements, and their constancies and inconstancies, in textual material about childhood nostalgia. The “boyhood times” are recurrently identified as nostalgic both in the artistic-cultural productions and in the common man memories, what justifies the choice of this particular remembrance as valid. Since the amount and the variety of elements which potentially could be remembered nostalgically were large, we opted for the conjugation of different procedures to analyze these memories. The source of nostalgic reports about childhood was a set of popular song lyrics of our country, documental material that has been progressively valued in historical-cultural studies for its characteristics of, among other advantages, picturing elements of the daily life of both the song writers and the consumer public. With the objective of evaluating the vocabulary and the nostalgic content made explicit in the lyrics of 70 (seventy) songs of Brazilian popular music, they were submitted to a software for statistical analysis of textual data (Alceste) and to a classical procedure of Content Analysis. A complementary procedure, which was called Content Networks, was proposed in order to evaluate the characteristics of the links between the elements remembered by the song writers. The results show a high frequency of mentions of child activities, child plays and games, predominantly realized outside the domestic space. The sociability network, which groups other boys, the family and young love, was also well cited. The possible localization of the physical space where the childhood occurred, indicated through the mention of natural elements, suggests the constant presence of memories of a childhood lived in the country, in opposition of an adulthood lived in urban areas. The integrated treatment of the utilized analyses procedures’ results permitted the characterization of the dynamics of the nostalgic discourse as agreeing with the more general dynamics of Social Memory. In special, the explicit identification of value for the memories indicate a particularity of this discourse, since it aggregates a sentimental value which avoids it to be taken as a mere description of the past. In this sense, the analyzed lyrics set takes us to the perception of aspects of the present of who remembers. In the comparison of a happy past and a not so happy present, the coherence of the discourse of who remembers the childhood nostalgically is in play.
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    Profissionais de saúde da família e representações sociais do alcoolismo
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-05-28) Souza, Luiz Gustavo Silva; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira; Menandro, Maria Cristina Smith; Almeida, Angela Maria de Oliveira; Gomes, Antonio Marcos Tosoli; Trindade, Zeide Araújo; Souza, Lídio de
    Alcohol misuse is frequent worldwide. Primary Health Care (PHC) has an important role in approaching alcohol problems and alcoholism in specific. In Brazil, the Family Health Strategy presents the possibility of enhancing care to these problems and to mental health conditions in general. It is relevant to analyze how PHC professionals construct knowledge about (and actions towards) alcoholism, alcoholic patients and associated objects. The research reported here aimed at investigating and analyzing social representations and social practices constructed by Family Health professionals working in a Brazilian Southeast municipality about alcoholism and alcoholic patients. Three studies were conducted: a participant observation carried out in one Family Health Center (FHC) for approximately eight months (84 participants); the administration of semistructured interviews (40 participants from 11 FHC) and of questionnaires with case vignettes (120 participants from 16 FHC). Content analysis was used to treat the data gathered with the observation and with the interviews. Answers of the interviewed professionals were also submitted to ALCESTE software. Data from the questionnaires were treated with analyses of variance (MANOVA, ANOVA) using SPSS. With the participant observation, it was possible to verify the contextual construction (through processes of objectification and anchoring) of five Images of alcoholic patients: the absent alcoholic ; the alcoholic as a difficult case ; the alcoholic present although absent ; the comic drunk and the problem drunk . Practices focused on the traditional cure-centered paradigm were observed as well as practices leading to physical and symbolical exclusion of the alcoholic. It was verified the emphasis on the attribution of otherness (alterity) to patients in general, alcoholics and non-alcoholics. The interviews suggested the presence of ambiguity in the perception of alcoholism, simultaneously represented as multifactorial disease demanding comprehensive care and social problem related to the poverty of the slums . In the process of attributing causes to alcoholism, it was possible to notice the coexistence of the scientific rationality and some beliefs related to the different culture of the poor neighborhoods and of their multi-problem families . Family Health Centers were represented simultaneously as important and as impotent to provide treatment to alcoholism. Data from the questionnaires indicated that the alcoholic was objectified as atypical and difficult patient, towards whom professionals held negative attitudes and socio-cognitive elements related to stigmatization. Mainly social and psychological factors were perceived as causes of alcoholism, in contrast to the lesser importance attributed to genetic (biological) factors. Female alcoholism was possibly perceived as more difficult to explain but not necessarily as more difficult to approach. Results from the three studies are integrated in analytical level, leading to a comprehension of the representational system that oriented the social practices (which were also ambiguous). The construction of the investigated social representations is analyzed from a historical perspective. The tradition of coercion and its association to historical hygienism in professionalpatient interactions are highlighted. The psychosocial determinants of difficulties faced to approach alcoholism are discussed as well as some suggestions to overcome these obstacles. The analyses lead to theoretical and methodological contributions regarding social practices and psychosocial interventions.
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    Prostituição juvenil feminina: a escolha, as experiências e as ambigüidades do "fazer programas"
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2007-08-23) Souza, Rafaela Assis de; Souza, Lídio de; Almeida, Angela Maria de Oliveira; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira
    This study has as objective to investigate how a group of young women live the practice of sexual services, considering social and cultural issues and the context involved. Discussing conceptual subjects, the research tried to not associate itself to perspectives that focus exclusively the sense of abuse of the children and adolescents’s prostitution, looking for increase new subjects, through the perception of diversity and multiple configurations, reviving the freedom and autonomy presents in such practices. According to the psychosocial approach, the experiences of two different groups was investigated: the Group 1, formed by 10 young women that confirmed the practice of sexual services and the Group 2, composed by 09 young women that denied the experience of sexual services but confirmed their proximity and the knowledge about that reality. Information about personal issues, schooling and work, childhood, family relationship, first sexual experiences, sexual services, daily and future was collected through unstructured interviews. Data obtained was analyzed through Content Analysis for qualitative interpretations. The main results indicated that the experience of sexual services appeared as opportunity for the youths since they tried slowly the independence of the family, having as motivation the desire of freedom and of consumption, associated to a structural, social, economic and cultural conditions. The combination and interaction of such factors in ways and varied intensities determine the youth's choice in that way marked by the stigma and social marginalization.
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    Vivendo casamentos, separações e recasamentos: um estudo sobre o campo representacional da conjugalidade
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2009-09-10) Martins, Priscilla de Oliveira; Trindade, Zeidi Araujo; Almeida, Angela Maria de Oliveira; Medrado-Dantas, Benedito; Menandro, Maria Cristina Smith; Menandro, Paulo Rogério Meira
    The object of the research is conjugality. To study conjugality is important to comprehend a reality that seems paradoxal at surface: there is a rise in divorce and separation numbers, but at the same time, it is verified that marriage is still considered by people as an important aspect of life. In that way the present research aims to identify the representational field of conjugality and its relation with the day to day marital praxis. The Social Representational Theory was used to base the analyses. The methodological design used was the qualitative approach. The data was collected by focus groups. Six focus groups were held. Three groups had women as participants and three focus groups had men as participants. The criteria to choose the participants to take part in the study were: Group 1: persons who were married for 10 years or less; Group 2: persons who were divorced or separated; Group 3: persons who were in a second marriage. All the participants also had to have at least one child at the first marriage and live on a considered middle and upper high class neighborhood. The results present the representational field of conjugality as formed by social representations objects of love, marriage/ remarriage and divorce/separation. There are social representational elements which are shared by all groups and elements which are specific considering sex. The shared elements which form the conjugality representational field present the conjugality as a partnership based on love, complicity and respect. The divorce/ separation is social represented as a frustration and a breakdown of a conjugality dream. The women, specifically, represented the conjugality as a space where they have to give themselves for the marriage well being and takeover wife and mother roles. The social representation of marriage presents idealized/ romanticized elements that can change along the day to day marriage life. To the men, the specific elements present conjugality as a space where dedication and hard work are necessary in order to maintain it. An important element to conjugality success is the wife´s active role, contrary of the docile, submissive wife. Marriage is represented as a ritual and a tradition in which fidelity is important. The representational field analyses present elements referring to traditional gender roles and elements referring to a more equalitarian relationship. The representational field anchoring analyses showed that satisfaction and happiness seems to be the elements that direct the anchoring process. The representational field identified orients to a praxis in which the conjugality is lived as an affectionate space where both couple members need to be satisfied. Upon this perspective, negotiation is the essential tool for a loving relationship success.