Modelo conceitual para sistemas de armazenamento de água para irrigação na agricultura familiar
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Data
2023-11-30
Autores
Domínguez, Valeria Albán
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Water storage for family farming becomes a key tool for the progress of water and food security at local, regional and global levels. For this type of agricultural production, strategic location and decentralized use of small storage technologies are recommended in order to favor the equitable distribution of their potential benefits and impacts. However, challenges are identified in planning water storage systems for small irrigation systems (SAAIAF), especially in relation to the definition/evaluation of their configuration, which is specific to the number, type, volume and location of storage structures that may fulfill water demands in regions. These challenges are related to the variability and uncertainties of natural hydrological phenomena, which interact with and are influenced by complex social dynamics from different natures at distinct spatiotemporal scales. Furthermore, there is a lack of methodological tools in the literature that assist to define/evaluate the SAAIAF configuration, aiming to the integrated planning of these storage structures for individual and collective use in family farming. In this sense, a conceptual model has been developed that explains the SAAIAF as a complex of three components, which are: catchment (CAP), storage (RES) and command (IRR). For this to happen: 1. factors that influence performance and, therefore, the configuration of the SAAIAF have been identified and organized into natural and human dimensions; 2. relations between elements of the SAAIAF components were identified in the literature, grouped into the categories catchment-command (CAP-IRR), catchment-storage (CAP-RES) and storagecommand (RES-IRR), and understood them as indicators that contribute to its planning/evaluation; and 3. the developed model was tested in the Córrego Sossego basin (affluent of Santa Joana river; this being an affluent of Doce river in Espírito Santo portion in Brazil), for a planning scenario in which there is no information about the SAAIAF configuration and for different types of technologies used in family farming. The conceptual model has shown the potential to be used to plan/evaluate SAAIAF considering hydro-agroclimatic conditions and simplifications about the storage sizing and spatialization of the components, for different types of technologies. The model's indicators provided information of SAAIAF's performance, related to aspects of the water balance, and identifying possible deficits and/or potentials to satisfy its water demands. 9 The importance of progress on the improvement and integration of indicators is recognized, as well as the incorporation of other factors related to the performance of SAAIAF, to advance the integrated planning of the systems related to the definition/evaluation of their configuration.
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Armazenamento da água , Agricultura familiar , Pequenas estruturas de armazenamento , Planejamento e avaliação