Avaliação da qualidade hidrogeomorfológica em cursos efêmeros tropicais: subsídios à renaturalização da bacia hidrográfica costeira da Lagoa Grande (Vila Velha-ES)
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Data
2026-02-25
Autores
Carvalho, Sidinei Marques de
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Human interventions and processes, primarily resulting from inadequate territorial management and increasing population density, have led to the suppression of important hydrogeomorphological processes and constitute a major cause of the degradation of the ecological status of fluvial systems at a global scale. This research analyses the integrity of the fluvial system of the Western Sub-basin of Lagoa Grande (SBOLG), located in the municipality of Vila Velha (Espírito Santo State, Brazil), under tropical climatic conditions. The selection of this sub-basin is justified by the intense territorial and environmental transformations that have occurred over recent decades. The analysis emphasises the relationship between geomorphological and hydrological processes, land cover and land use, and the functional performance of the fluvial system. The study aims to assess the hydrogeomorphological quality of the fluvial system and to identify the main natural and anthropogenic controls governing its hydrodynamics. The adopted methodology is based on a quali-quantitative approach and integrates systematic remote observation and fieldwork conducted under different meteorological conditions, cartographic analysis, morphometric assessment, an inventory of human interventions, and the application of the Hydrogeomorphological Index adapted for tropical ephemeral streams (IHG-Et). The dense drainage network was segmented into 16 reaches, and the IHG-Et parameters were applied on the basis of quality indicators obtained throughout the research process, grounded in specialised literature and under direct academic supervision. The results indicate that the overall hydrogeomorphological quality of the fluvial system is moderate, evidencing impairments in the longitudinal, vertical, lateral/transversal and temporal dimensions of fluvial connectivity associated with established human interventions and processes. Urbanisation, the removal of riparian and hillslope vegetation, channelisation, and the impoundment of hydro-sedimentary flows, among other pressures, have triggered the degradation of hydrogeomorphological functions and of the healthy ecological condition of riparian corridors. The adaptation of the IHG-E index to the IHG-Et proved to be promising in this initial application, indicating the need for its validation in other basins with ephemeral watercourses. Finally, the research provides technical support for territorial management and planning actions, as well as strategies aimed at enhancing ecosystem resilience and adaptation to extreme meteorological events
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Intervenções humanas , Cursos efêmeros tropicais , Qualidade hidrogeomorfológica , Sistemas fluviais , Renaturalização , Human interventions , Tropical ephemeral streams , Hydrogeomorphological quality , Fluvial systems , Renaturalisation