O papel das giberelinas na fisiologia e modulação do florescimento da pimenteira-do-reino (Piper nigrum L.)
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Data
2025-04-08
Autores
Dias, Marcos Antonio Cezario
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a crop of great economic importance, whose productivity is directly linked to its flowering. However, irregular flowering and the impact of environmental factors remain challenges that limit the crop’s productive efficiency. This study investigated the endogenous and exogenous factors influencing the flowering of black pepper by combining bibliometric, systematic, and experimental analyses. The effects of two growth regulators, paclobutrazol (PBZ) and gibberellin (GA₃), on the plant's morphophysiological characteristics were analyzed to understand their role in modulating flowering. The research was structured into three main approaches. First, a bibliometric and systematic review was conducted to identify the key factors determining the flowering of P. nigrum. Subsequently, experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of PBZ and GA₃ on the growth and flowering of the plants. The experiments followed a randomized block design, using different doses of both regulators, and assessed their effects on photochemical efficiency, biomass allocation, and non structural carbohydrate (NSC) metabolism. The results showed that PBZ, at moderate doses (250 and 500 mL L⁻¹), stimulated flowering and reduced vegetative growth by redirecting metabolic (e.g., soluble sugars) and physiological resources toward floral induction. However, excessive doses (750 mL L⁻¹) compromised the plant's photochemical efficiency. The application of GA₃ showed a dose-dependent effect, where intermediate concentrations (10 and 20 mg L⁻¹) stimulated flowering, while higher doses (30 mg L⁻¹) promoted vegetative growth. A greater accumulation of NSCs (soluble sugars) in the leaves was associated with flowering. It is concluded that the application of growth regulators can be a viable strategy to promote black pepper flowering, provided they are used at appropriate concentrations. The study highlights the need for careful management to balance vegetative growth and productivity, contributing to crop improvement and production sustainability.
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Fitormônios , GA3 , Paclobutrazol