Avaliação da sustentabilidade de programas municipais de coleta seletiva e organizações de catadores de materiais recicláveis do Espírito Santo
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Data
2018-08-17
Autores
Zon, Jessica Luiza Nogueira
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Brazilian municipalities face several difficulties to carry out the selective collection, while organizations of collectors of recyclable materials need to overcome diverse dysfunctions to become competitive in the market. To overcome such challenges and meet the requirements of the National Solid Waste Policy, it is necessary to know the elements that interfere with the performance of selective collection programs and waste pickers organizations. In this sense, this study had as main objective to evaluate the selective collection programs and organizations of municipal waste pickers in the state of Espirito Santo in relation to sustainability and to propose a methodological strategy for designing the necessary actions for the Municipal Plans of Integrated Solid Waste Management of these municipalities. To that end, 24 municipalities were selected, evaluated by their selective collection programs, and 23 waste picker organizations on which questionnaires were applied to obtain the necessary data for the calculation of indicators and sustainability indexes. In addition, the actions of the Municipal Plans for the Integrated Management of Solid Residues were listed and related to the indicators in order to verify which actions were already contemplated by the plans so that there would be no repetitions when proposing new actions. From the result of the analysis of the indicators and the verification of the actions of the waste plans, a methodological proposal was presented to suggest actions in complement to what was verified in the plans. The proposed actions were also hierarchized in degrees of temporal urgency for their implementation, using as criterion the weight of each one of the indicators. In general, the analyzed indicators presented unsatisfactory results in relation to sustainability. The average of the sustainability indexes of the selective collection programs was 0.44 (unfavorable in relation to sustainability) with coefficient of variation of 0.35. Meanwhile, the average sustainability indexes of the organizations of waste pickers were 0.52 (favorable in relation to sustainability) with coefficient of variation of 0.12. It was also verified that the actions described in the waste plans had a subjective character and were comprehensive, interfering in the performance of the municipality in relation to sustainability, requiring complementation. In this way, it was possible to propose actions related to the improvement of the selective collection, control of data related to selective collection and screening, education and dissemination of selective collection, working conditions, health and safety in the collection and screening shed, structuring, regularization and self-management of organizations. It is hoped that with the implementation of the proposed actions, selective collection and waste pickers organizations will become sustainable over the years. As the data obtained suggests, the design of the actions has great potential for application in the monitoring and development of selective collection programs and waste pickers organizations towards sustainability. In this way, these actions can provide benefits to solid waste management in the general context.
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Selective Collection , Recyclable Material Picker Organizations , Sustainable Indicators and indexes , Municipal Plan for the Integrated Management of Solid Residues , Coleta Seletiva , Organizações de Catadores de Materiais Recicláveis. , Indicadores e Índices de Sustentabilidade , Plano Municipal de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos.