Estudos ecotoxicogenéticos e fisiológicos do óxido de zircônio (ZrO2) em plantas
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Data
2025-02-27
Autores
Sant'Anna, Francisco Rodrigues
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
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Emerging metal contaminants can pose risks to human and environmental health, but their effects have not yet been widely studied. This work aimed to evaluate the effects of zirconium (Zr) on plant organisms, using bioassays with Lactuca sativa L., Allium cepa L. and Phaseolus vulgaris L. Solutions containing zirconium dioxide were prepared in different concentrations: 200 μg (C1), 100 μg (C2), 50 μg (C3), 25 μg (C4) and 12.5 μg (C5), diluted in 0.5% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Distilled water was used as a negative control (NC) and the DMSO solution as a control for the dilution vehicle. L. sativa seedlings germinated in the test solutions were analyzed for germination and initial growth. Roots of A. cepa, also germinated in the test solutions, were used to evaluate the cytogenotoxic potential by analyzing the cell cycle and inducing DNA damage by observing chromosomal and nuclear alterations. In P. vulgaris, leaf morphology, pigment and total nitrogen indices, root and shoot biomass and length were analyzed. The data was subjected to the Shapiro-Wilk normality test and then ANOVA with Tukey's test or the Kruskal-Wallis test (P < 0.05). None of the concentrations tested affected the development of L. sativa. Zr did not induce chromosomal or nuclear alterations in meristematic cells, but in F1 cells, the C1 solution showed damaging potential. In P. vulgaris, there was a dose-dependent increase in the anthocyanin index. Only plants treated with C1 showed a reduction in the length of the aerial part. Although the fresh mass did not differ between the groups, the dry mass of the roots and aerial part was reduced in C1, and the roots were also affected in C2. Thus, Zr showed the potential to cause toxic effects in plant organisms, impacting growth and inducing damage at high concentrations.
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Contaminantes metálicos , Toxicologia ambiental , Allium cepa , Lactuca sativa , Phaseolus vulgaris