Influência de capsinóides sobre o remodelamento e biomarcadores do estresse oxidativo no coração de ratos com obesidade
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Data
2024-07-26
Autores
Santos, Késsia Cristina Carvalho
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Obesity increases metabolic complications and induces redox imbalance, favoring oxidative stress in the body. In the cardiovascular system, obesity and oxidative stress reduce metabolic flexibility and cardiac efficiency, as well as causing to cardiac remodeling and dysfunction. In this scenario, capsinoids, present in species of the genus Capsicum, emerge as compounds with potential modulation of obesity and oxidative stress, being able to increase energy metabolism and antioxidant defenses, as well as reduce oxidative damage. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of chronic administration of capsinoids on biomarkers of remodeling and oxidative stress in the hearts of rats with obesity. Initially, male Wistar rats were randomized into standard diet (SD; n = 17) and high-fat diet (HFD; n = 27). The protocol covered 27 weeks divided into: 1) exposure to experimental diets (induction and maintenance of obesity; 19 weeks) and 2) treatment with capsinoids (8 weeks). At week 19, SD and HDF animals were redistributed into: control (C), obese (Ob) and obese with capsinoids (ObCap). During the protocol, food consumption and efficiency, as well as caloric intake were measured. The nutritional profile was monitored by body weight, fat and body adiposity index. The glucose tolerance test, insulin homeostasis indices and lipid profile were used to evaluate comorbidities. Plasma concentrations of insulin, leptin, adiponectin and glucagon were also determined. Cardiac remodeling was measured by the mass of the heart and left ventricle; cardiac damage was verified by measuring plasma troponin I. The biomarkers of cardiac oxidative stress (malondialdehyde - MDA, carbonyl proteins - CBO, advanced protein oxidation products - AOPP and antioxidant capacity - FRAP) and the activity of the enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase were analyzed. The results indicate that the high-fat diet increased body weight in the HFD group from the 16th week onwards. Obesity increased adipose mass and levels of leptin, cholesterol and insulin. With the exception of cholesterol, treatment with capsinoids did not promote a reduction in these parameters. In the heart, there was an increase in heart and LV mass in the Ob, but without difference after normalization by the tibia length, nor was there any difference with ObCap for these parameters. Regarding troponin I, there was no difference in obesity, however, capsinoids caused a reduction in this marker. Considering oxidative markers, Ob animals presented higher amounts of CBO and AOPP compared to C, however, without effects of capsinoid treatment; ObCap rats also showed higher levels of MDA compared to Ob. Regarding antioxidant activity, Ob and ObCap rats showed increased FRAP, but without differences between groups. In addition, ObCap presented greater activity of antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, although the obesity model did not cause cardiac remodeling, capsinoids induced a reduction in troponin I and elevation in enzymatic antioxidant activity. However, it caused greater lipid peroxidation in the heart, so in the concentration offered the capsinoids did not constitute a positive strategy for modulation in the oxidative biomarkers
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Obesidade , Dieta hiperlipídica , Estresse oxidativo , Coração , Capsinóide