Avaliação socioeconômica, demográfica, parasitológica e hematológica de comunidades quilombolas do norte do Espírito Santo, Brasil
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Data
2017-03-31
Autores
Brauer, Alline Mikaele Nunes Wildemberg
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Brazil is considered the country, extra Africa, that presents the largest contingent of black population. However, it is still possible to observe especially in the quilombola communities a scenario marked by socioeconomic marginalization and precarious living and health conditions. The present work is a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study with the objective of performing a socioeconomic, demographic, parasitological and hematological evaluation of the inhabitants of quilombola communities located in the northern region of Espírito Santo, Brazil. The socioeconomic and demographic evaluation was performed by family unit, through the application of a questionnaire based on the National Survey by Household Sample. For the investigation of intestinal parasites the methods of spontaneous sedimentation (HPJ) and Kato Katz were used. In the hematological investigation, the complete blood count, the hemoglobinopathies (osmotic resistance test, alkaline electrophoresis in cellulose acetate and high performance liquid chromatography) were performed. The results were evaluated using descriptive and inferential statistics tools, using Pearson's chi-square test and Poisson regression analysis, adopting the 95% confidence interval (p <0.05). It was observed that of the 76 household heads interviewed, 90.79% (n = 69) had channeled water in the residence and 72.37% (n = 55) reported that the origin of the water used by them is well or spring . In addition, 98.68% (n = 75) reported having a bathroom at home, of which 90.67% (n = 68) reported having a rudimentary septic tank and 63.16% (n = 48) claimed that the waste generated was buried or burned. Regarding the general health of the population, 78.94% (n = 60) reported having access to public health services, 64.47% (n = 49) reported having ever had parasitic diseases and 63, 15% (n = 48) claimed to know how they are transmitted. On the other hand, 92.10% (n = 70) reported that they did not know if they had sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait and 94.73% (n = 72) do not know how they are acquired. The parasitological tests showed positive results in 48% (n = 72) of the total samples analyzed (150), and 25% (n = 18) of these samples had two or more parasites. The most frequent parasite was Ascaris lumbricoides (19.4%, n = 14) and among the commensals Entamoeba coli (55.6%, n = 40), followed by Endolimax nana (16.7%, n = 12). Considering the hematological evaluation, of the 192 analyzed samples, a frequency of 13.54% (n = 26) of individuals with anemia was observed and 80.77% (n = 21) were of mild severity. There was predominance of normocytic anemia (92.31%, n = 24) and normocytic anemia (73.07%, n = 19). Regarding the hemoglobinopathies, 9.37% (n = 18) of the individuals presented variant hemoglobins confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The presence of heterozygosis for Hb AS was observed in 6.77% (n = 13) and for Hb AC in 2.60% (n = 5). The results suggest the existence of precarious socioeconomic conditions in the quilombola communities in the Northern region of Espírito Santo and indicate the need to implement public health measures aimed at reducing, preventing and treating intestinal parasitic diseases. The considerable prevalence of variant hemoglobins in the region and the lack of knowledge about this subject demonstrate the importance of enabling health professionals to attend hemoglobinopathies, especially in genetic counseling.
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Enteroparasitosis , Hemoglobinopathy , Hemoglobin variant , Sickle cell anemia , Hemoglobina variante , Quilombolas , Enteroparasitoses , Hemoglobinopatia , Análise socioeconômica