Formação e transporte de material particulado na região metropolitana da Grande Vitória/ES : utilização e avaliação de desempenho do Modelo CMAQ
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Data
2015-03-31
Autores
Santiago, Alexandre Magalhães
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
This study aimed to evaluate the formation and transport of particulate matter in the Metropolitan Area of Greater Vitória (RMGV) using The Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality Modeling System (CMAQ). In particular, it was investigated how particulate material respond to changes in vehicle and industrial sources emission. During winter 2012 (22-31 of July) an experimental campaign was conducted with a LIDAR to characterize the behavior of Atmospheric Boundary Layer (CLA) and a SODAR to measure the vertical structure of the atmosphere in RMGV. Also data collected by weather and air quality stations in the region were used to validate the numerical results. Three-dimensional meteorological fields were modeled using meteorological model Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) in version 3.4.1 during the period 15-31 July 2012. There was four scenarios with nested grid resolution of 27 kilometers (70 × 70 cells), 9 km (100 x 100 cells), 3 km (100 x 100 cells), 1 km (120 x 120 cells) and all with 21 vertical levels. For the simulations with the CMAQ it was used the 1km domain resolution with 79 x 61 cells, which covers the towns of Cariacica, Laranjeiras, Serra, Viana, Vila Velha and Vitória. The simulations with the CMAQ model were conducted from 22nd to 31st July, 2012 (240 hours). The SMOKE model was applied to build an inventory of emissions, spatially and temporally resolved to RMGV using the official state inventory emissions. The air quality simulations used measured concentrations as initial and boundary conditions. AERO4 and Carbon Bond V options available in version 4.6 of CMAQ model were used for description of the aerosol processes, chemistry of aqueous and gaseous phase. Three different scenarios were simulated: considering the current emission inventory (base case), considering the exclusion of sources of vehicle emissions (scenario 1) and considering the exclusion of industrial emissions (scenario 2). The results show maximum values of particle concentration at Ponta de Tubarão due to the industrial zone, however, it was clear the vehicle influence in the region. The PM10 concentration reduced in relation to the base case and the two emission reduction scenarios, 85% and 24% for Laranjeiras, 82% and 25% for Enseada and 89% and 23% for Cariacica, in the absence vehicle emissions and without the presence of industrial emissions, respectively. PM2.5 concentration was reduced, in relation to the base case, to approximately 75.4% and 19.4% for Laranjeiras, 74.5% and 19.9% for Enseada and 79.1% and 7.8% for Cariacica without the presence of vehicle emissions and without the presence of industrial emissions, respectively. Modeled results have shown that the carbonaceous fraction of the RMGV particulate material is approximately 60% of the total mass of MP10, then the modeled scenarios of suppression of major source caused greatest impact on the concentration of organic and elemental carbon concentrations than the sulfate, nitrate and ammonium concentration which were very small in the base case and remained without significant changes. These results reinforce the necessity to update the inventory of emission sources of RMGV, which considers the vehicular source as the main source of MP in the region. Policies control of MP concentration must consider the role of organic aerosols and the elemental carbon, as these represent the largest fraction of the total mass of MP10
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Palavras-chave
particulate matter , experimental campaign , emissions control policy , numeral modeling , CMAQ , Material particulado , Campanha experimental , Política de controle de emissões , Modelagem numérica , Modelagem atmosférica , Modelagem matemática