Liberalismo político perfeccionista: uma proposta de promoção estatal das virtudes políticas a partir do paradigma liberal igualitário de John Rawls
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Data
2025-10-29
Autores
Mauricio Junior, Alceu
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
This thesis examines the possibility of formulating a conception of political perfectionism compatible with John Rawls's political liberalism, thereby challenging the traditional reading that considers Rawls to be unequivocally anti-perfectionist. Based on the question of whether the liberal democratic state should legitimately promote specific values and virtues of its citizens without violating its moral duty to treat them with equal respect, through a liberal political perfectionist conception, it is argued that the antagonism between state perfectionism and political liberalism is superficial and relies on a limited understanding of state perfectionism and an unjustified optimism about civil society’s capacity to guarantee the fact of the majority. It is proposed that, given the fact of reasonable pluralism, it is possible to sustain the legitimacy of a perfectionist political liberalism for the promotion of political virtues, anchored in Rawls’s idea of equitable social cooperation among free and equal citizens, without resorting to comprehensive doctrines of the good, even partial ones, and without incurring criticisms of disrespect towards persons or paternalism, which are directed at liberal perfectionism. It is argued that political perfectionism is not redundant in relation to political liberalism, since the latter does not account for the erosion of the fact of the majority, nor is it confused with liberal perfectionist proposals or moderate perfectionism, which are based on comprehensive conceptions, even if partial. It is maintained that political perfectionism, the state promotion of essential political virtues for cooperation in a well-ordered society, does not claim exclusivity. Still, it is not only theoretically possible but also necessary for the preservation and strengthening of a democratic culture in societies marked by the fact of reasonable pluralism, in the face of the decline. From the case study of civic education, it is also observed that the contribution of political perfectionism is normative, but its implementation must prudently be proportional to the state of the fact of the majority in a society that claims to be democratic.
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Perfeccionismo , Liberalismo político , Virtudes políticas , Fato da maioria , Educação cívica