Doutorado em Filosofia
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2019
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019).
Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Filosofia
Url do curso: https://filosofia.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGFil/detalhes-do-curso?id=125
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- ItemA presentificação de Deus na Filosofia de Nietzsche(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-11) Barbosa, Wesley de Jesus; Viesenteiner, Jorge Luiz ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3727-7890; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7444634503835464; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8766-6670; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5218922065137427; Giacoia Junior, Oswaldo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3064-8583; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5455563158125090; Paschoal, Antonio Edmilson ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-4204; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0158461643798918; Feiler, Adilson Felicio ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7352-927X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9752354151429494; Lopes, Rogério Antônio ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2693-4242; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2684407226973550The present doctoral thesis aims to investigate the problem of God in Nietzsche's philosophy. We believe that the label "atheist philosophy" is superficial in explaining Nietzsche's critique of metaphysical assumptions. Thus, we will argue that any overly substantial attribution to the philosopher ultimately reduces the scope of his thought. By examining the limits of his analysis, we will consider God as a hypothesis, as long as it remains within the affirmative realm of life. To this end, we will begin our work with The Announcement of the Death of God. We will then move on to the section Nietzsche and Christianity, where we will analyze Nietzsche's intellectual trajectory, especially regarding his investigations into religions, beginning with his studies at Schulpforta, referencing Johann Figl's work Nietzsche und die Religionen: Transkulturelle Perspektiven seines Bildungs- und Denkweges. We will also conduct a reading and discussion of the enigmas left in Ecce Homo, a self-biographical text, in order to highlight the challenges and limitations of using it as a reliable source for tracing the paths taken by the philologist throughout his personal life, as if there were a direct correspondence between author and work, life and text, words and things — a project of unveiling the truth. Next, we will focus on the discussion of moral values to indicate their overcoming and transvaluation, a key textual strategy for suggesting that the transcendence of man into the "Overman" reflects a critique of established values. The sessions devoted to this critique of values are: The Attack on Institutionalized Christianity as a Critique of Moral Values, Critique of Values as the Production of Values, and The Project of Transvaluation. In the final part, titled The Impossibility of Atheism in Nietzsche, we will pursue the argument that atheism, as an inversion of Judeo-Christian moral values, is not a true transvaluation of values, but rather an instrumentalization of the same values for a reactive project of rationalist and secular modernity. It remains a belief without God, a search for an ideal that preserves a deep and structuring meaning, typical of incomplete nihilism: cowardly, fearful, and venomous. We will begin this topic with Russian Pessimism to draw parallels between the Russian literary debate on nihilism, represented by Turgenev and Dostoevsky, and Nietzsche's discussion on the death of God, as well as the general influences of the Russians on the German philosopher. From the Russians, we will advance to the presentation of Nietzschean concepts essential to the hypothesis of a sacred dimension 14 in his work, namely: Genealogy, Eternal Return, and Will to Power. Given these steps, I present The Idiot of Jesus and His Beatitude as a physio-psychological type devoid of will to power — a transvaluative hypothesis, yet lacking the foundations for an ascensional and affirmative transvaluation due to its decadent and resigned character. I will also demonstrate The Limits of the Dionysian Hypothesis Against the Crucified, deconstructing the simplistic notion that the sacred in Nietzsche is merely the pursuit of the Dionysian experience of intoxication. Finally, in Nietzschean Writing, we delve deeper into the possibility of God in Nietzsche's published works. It is crucial to read Twilight of the Idols as a preliminary draft of the unpublished book on the transvaluation of all values, a hypothesis put forward by Jorge Luiz Viesenteiner. This suggests that this work allows us to view the entire Nietzschean oeuvre from a new perspective, that of transvaluation, as its creation was already engaged in a larger project, which did not materialize into a proper text. Thus, the Overman (Übermensch) would have transvalued Judeo-Christian values and overcome the entire metaphysical framework, reevaluating or dismantling values such as resentment, dualism, and reactivity. Consequently, typical atheism cannot be considered a robust critical category, as it does not arise from a return to the world after the experience of the abyss but remains halfway between the nothingness of the Socratic-Christian-modern world — an intelligible falsification orchestrated by the ascetic priest — and the nothingness as a reality marked by a complete disconnection of meaning, which results in deep, almost unbearable pain due to the despair and destruction brought about by the exposure to a raw reality devoid of the fictions man has invented to live. The possibility of God as an affirmation of life in Nietzsche arises from a significant recovery born out of the terrifying experience of emptiness, driven by the spirit of Dionysian music as the first motor to make lies resonate. This is a reclamation of meaning, a redirection of the individual from the morbid resignation of Russian fatalism towards the emergence of oneself as the creator of one's own moral values, including God as a value: a value that, as a devalued value in the post-emptied world, devalues and revalues itself more lightly and fluidly, in accordance with the vicissitudes of an affirmative will to power
- ItemO avesso da palavra : tese sobre o silêncio e a esperança(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-05-29) Lourete, Suzana de Alvarenga; Vincenzi, Brunela Vieira de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-1657; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2875969853934385; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6142-0151; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1392542389263669; Araújo, Ricardo Corrêa de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0431-8599; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5638777509855807; Barreira, Marcelo Martins ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9367-3073; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0690909917220112; Leal, Halina Macedo ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6724-4622; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5698575555739025; Oliveira, Erico Andrade Marques de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4956-7713; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0725459534795685The research, in a very general way, focuses on the problem of rationality in recognition and justice theories. Based on the tradition of the Critical Theory of the Frankfurt School, is analyzed the discursive ethics developed in the Theory of Communicative Action, by Jürgen Habermas. In particular, supported by the logical concepts of identity and autonomy, Habermas ends up idealizing a self-referential communication that is not very open to the otherness of other cosmoperceptions about reality. Thus, when we think about community life (politics of the commons) we leave aside interpretations and interactions that do not submit to the principles of Western logic, as expressed in liberal theories. The foundations of this abstraction are in that bourgeois tradition, whose epistemic valorization privileges the processes of rationality, of an autonomous and authentically human structure of thought for interpreting Reality and, consequently, of organizing the Lifeworld. As a colonial legacy, the way of doing critical theory is guided by logical analyzes of social construction, human rights and History itself. Therefore, the sources for its claims to normative legitimacy are abstract concepts, extracted from the Enlightenment idealizations of a human proud of Nature. This structure of thinking is extremely appropriate to capitalism, especially in its current stage. The climatic consequences of the Anthropocene combined with the virtualization of our intersubjective relationships are not unrelated to the evasion of collective spaces and the loss of meaning in political life. Therefore, this research seeks a methodology that is capable of exploring this literate world of Western philosophy inside out; in an attempt to understand how silenced ways of life are inscribed in time/history as “unsuspected philosophies” and manifest themselves in the Lifeword through Enchantment. Finally, it is argued that the political management of affections is not guided by the liberal ideology of dialectical recognition, but by the affective capacity of a collective and situated subjectivity, whose consciousness-of-us is rooted in Belonging. This time, the Ethics of Enchantment manifests itself in the Lifeword as modes of everyday nanoresistance and the implementation of Justice
- ItemUm animal que se autointerpreta: a articulação entre ontologia, história e política na filosofia de Charles Taylor(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-08-05) Ribeiro Filho, Marcos Aurélio Pensabem; Pereira, Taís Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9618-5801; Barreira, Marcelo Martins; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9367-3073; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Oliveira, Juliano Cordeiro da Costa; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Araújo, Luiz Bernardo Leite; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Vincenzi, Brunela Vieira de; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Araújo, Ricardo Corrêa de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/This study intends to explain how ontology, history and politics are linked to the thesis of the human as a self-interpreting animal in Charles Taylor's philosophy. To this end, the theme will be developed in three parts. In the first and second chapters, the study focuses on Taylor's ontological analysis, understood as an investigation of the hermeneutic conditions of the way in which human beings realize themselves in the world. In other words: an analysis of the characteristic elements necessary for all meaningful human action. In the third chapter, the study is dedicated to discussing how the ontological-anthropological thesis defended by Taylor is historical and therefore needs a narrative foundation. Thus, we try to reconstruct the conception of history underlying the historical narrative that provides argumentative support for the thesis of the human as a self-interpreting animal. Finally, in the fourth and last chapter, the research consists of explaining how Taylor's conception of the political-secular is in line with and interconnected to both his narrative reconstruction of Modernity and his anthropological-hermeneutic thesis. Through this argumentative approach, we try to explain the intertwined way in which ontology, history and politics are articulated in Taylor's thesis of the human as a self-interpreting animal.
- ItemDo sentido ao problema da verdade na fenomenologia de Edmund Husserl: implicações da ressignificação transcendental do conceito de transcendência na adaequatio rei et intellectus husserliana(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-06-12) Rocha, João Marcelo Silva da; Santos, Jorge Augusto da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6111-1693; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Orientador2; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Wu, Roberto; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Sena, Sandro Márcio Moura de; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Curvello, Flávio Vieira; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Tourinho, Carlos Diógenes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/The present thesis develops reflections on the concepts of truth and transcendence as they manifest especially in the Phenomenology of Edmund Husserl, with the general aim of analyzing the implications of the meaning of “transcendence” in the correspondence-based conception of truth prevalent in Husserlian thought. Structured in five chapters, the investigation begins by outlining the traditional sense of truth as correspondence in its structuring aspects and the emerging problematic in the configuration of the relationship between knowing subject and knowable object based on specific delimitations of the concept of transcendence. Thus, Husserl's concepts of “truth” and “evidence” advocated in the Logical Investigations are analyzed, delineating the four phenomenological senses of “truth” as exposed in §39 of the 6th Logical Investigation. Moreover, it is emphasized the primacy of the meaning of “true being” in determining the other senses of truth. The third chapter explores the senses of “transcendence” and “immanence”, examining the redefinition of these concepts promoted with the transition to Transcendental Phenomenology and how it reconfigures the relationship between subjectivity and objectivity, revealing the former as constitutive and the latter as constituted. This transformation suggests the loss of the autonomy of the transcendent in relation to subjectivity, a presupposition of correspondence-based truth. In the fourth chapter, a similar approach is taken to that in the second chapter, focusing, however, on Husserl's description of the senses of “truth” and “evidence” in works of the transcendental phase of Phenomenology. The aim of this analysis is to demonstrate that the formal characterization of such concepts remains in accordance with the parameters established in the Logical Investigations, contrary to what the transformations discussed in the third chapter might suggest, and that the primacy of the meaning of “truth” attributed to the object also persists in the transcendental version of Husserlian thought. Considering this, the problem regarding the implications of “transcendence” in Husserl's conception of truth is established in the fifth and final chapter: initially, it is explained how correspondence-based truth becomes problematic in the Logical Investigations precisely due to the meaning of “transcendent” adopted in this work. Finally, a justification is proposed for maintaining correspondence-based truth in Transcendental Phenomenology due to the implications of the specifically phenomenologicaltranscendental concept of transcendence. This interpretative proposal is presented through the demarcation of a double constitutive layer concerning the objective pole of the intentional relation committed to the achievement of true knowledge. Based on the description of the constitutive processes carried out in each of these layers, it is ultimately argued that the autonomy of the transcendent in relation to the veritative relation – a requirement inscribed in the correspondence-based conception of truth – is ensured by the constitution of the transcendent as such, carried out in the foundational layer. Besides, the constitutive dependence of the transcendent as true in relation to subjectivity, imposed by transcendental reduction, is expressed in the synthesis of evident fulfillment carried out in the founded layer.
- ItemDo sentido ao problema da verdade na fenomenologia de Edmund Husserl : implicações da ressignificação transcendental do conceito de transcendência na adaequatio rei et intellectus husserliana(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-06-12) Rocha, João Marcelo Silva da; Santos, Jorge Augusto da Silva ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6111-1693; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3088783002373165; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4590-3081; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3191983998922351; Wu, Roberto; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6344-4571; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3569614178649757; Sena, Sandro Márcio Moura de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2119-7741; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4020907438721922; Curvello, Flávio Vieira ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9072-4472; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3683549895365835; Tourinho, Carlos Diogenes Cortes ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5963-599X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4439167668298111The present thesis develops reflections on the concepts of truth and transcendence as they manifest especially in the Phenomenology of Edmund Husserl, with the general aim of analyzing the implications of the meaning of “transcendence” in the correspondence-based conception of truth prevalent in Husserlian thought. Structured in five chapters, the investigation begins by outlining the traditional sense of truth as correspondence in its structuring aspects and the emerging problematic in the configuration of the relationship between knowing subject and knowable object based on specific delimitations of the concept of transcendence. Thus, Husserl's concepts of “truth” and “evidence” advocated in the Logical Investigations are analyzed, delineating the four phenomenological senses of “truth” as exposed in §39 of the 6th Logical Investigation. Moreover, it is emphasized the primacy of the meaning of “true being” in determining the other senses of truth. The third chapter explores the senses of “transcendence” and “immanence”, examining the redefinition of these concepts promoted with the transition to Transcendental Phenomenology and how it reconfigures the relationship between subjectivity and objectivity, revealing the former as constitutive and the latter as constituted. This transformation suggests the loss of the autonomy of the transcendent in relation to subjectivity, a presupposition of correspondence-based truth. In the fourth chapter, a similar approach is taken to that in the second chapter, focusing, however, on Husserl's description of the senses of “truth” and “evidence” in works of the transcendental phase of Phenomenology. The aim of this analysis is to demonstrate that the formal characterization of such concepts remains in accordance with the parameters established in the Logical Investigations, contrary to what the transformations discussed in the third chapter might suggest, and that the primacy of the meaning of “truth” attributed to the object also persists in the transcendental version of Husserlian thought. Considering this, the problem regarding the implications of “transcendence” in Husserl's conception of truth is established in the fifth and final chapter: initially, it is explained how correspondence-based truth becomes problematic in the Logical Investigations precisely due to the meaning of “transcendent” adopted in this work. Finally, a justification is proposed for maintaining correspondence-based truth in Transcendental Phenomenology due to the implications of the specifically phenomenological transcendental concept of transcendence. This interpretative proposal is presented through the demarcation of a double constitutive layer concerning the objective pole of the intentional relation committed to the achievement of true knowledge. Based on the description of the constitutive processes carried out in each of these layers, it is ultimately argued that the autonomy of the transcendent in relation to the veritative relation – a requirement inscribed in the correspondence-based conception of truth – is ensured by the constitution of the transcendent as such, carried out in the foundational layer. Besides, the constitutive dependence of the transcendent as true in relation to subjectivity, imposed by transcendental reduction, is expressed in the synthesis of evident fulfillment carried out in the founded layer