O processo de institucionalização da pessoa idosa : perspectivas e desafios expressados por familiares cuidadores
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Data
2024-12-05
Autores
Souza, Mateus Nague de
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Introduction: According to the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, Brazil has 203.1 million inhabitants. When analysing the elderly population, it can be seen that this group would correspond to 32,113,490 million in 2022. Ageing is a continuous, universal, dynamic and progressive process that involves physiological and functional changes. Ageing involves processes of dependency that cause discomfort for the family, after all, they have to dedicate time to caring. The carer is the family member or not who instinctively, without pay, becomes responsible for the dependent individual, which generally applies to a gender issue - the female group. To help care for those who are unable to stay at home, there is the alternative of Long Stay Institutions for the Elderly, which are on the rise due to increased longevity. The facility offers housing with gerontogeriatric assistance from a multidisciplinary team prepared to care for the elderly and an adequate structure. However, the process of institutionalising the elderly is difficult because it is linked to feelings of loneliness and abandonment. Aim: to analyse the process of institutionalisation of elderly people in Long Stay Institutions for the Elderly in the state of Espírito Santo. Methodology: This is a qualitative cross-sectional study with an analytical-descriptive design. The research participants were selected using the snowball sampling technique, i.e., the initial participants referred new participants until the saturation point of 15 participants was reached. The interviews were conducted using a semi-structured script with open-ended questions. Results: During the course of the research, a book chapter was created entitled ‘Behind the scenes of the crisis of care and Long Stay Institutions for the Elderly’. Family members explained the difficulties they had in caring at home, the physical and mental strain and the damage this caused to the burden of caring. The elderly person's entry into a Long Stay Institution for the Elderly was arduous and done with caution. Most family members reported feeling well after institutionalisation and having more time to look after themselves. Others, on the other hand, did not have good experiences and had to look for another place or return to their home of origin. Discussion: Homecare needs to be well managed and shared between family members when possible. The overload of care generates exhaustion and damage to the physical and mental health of the primary carer. Long-stay institutions for the elderly are an alternative to guarantee equal or better care than at home, allowing family members to live and look after themselves. Care in these institutions is carried out by trained professionals and needs to be managed by a technical manager who, whenever possible, instructs the team and intervenes in the care to ensure quality of life for the elderly person and the family member. Final considerations: Families need to see the Long Stay Institution for the Elderly as an extension of their care and not shy away from assistance. Monitoring and evaluation of the place needs to be constant, so that in addition to care, the family bond is maintained. However, in cases of violence or any event that could harm the integrity of the elderly person, it is up to the family member to report it and, consequently, for the Public Prosecutor's Office and the Health Surveillance Agency to mobilise to guarantee the safety of institutionalised elderly people
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Pessoa idosa , Idosos , Instituição de longa permanência para idosos , Familiares , Elderly , Long-stay institution for the elderly , Family members