Efeitos da invasão por Acacia spp. na resiliência edáfica, diversidade de árvores e estoques de carbono das florestas de tabuleiros
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Data
2024-09-30
Autores
Poloni, Carlos Eduardo Mulinario
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Climate change mitigation is directly linked to the restoration of natural ecosystems, particularly tropical forests. Secondary-growth forests play a vital role in human-altered tropical landscapes, providing essential ecosystem services such as nutrient cycling and biodiversity maintenance. However, these forests are constantly threatened, especially by invasive exotic species, making it crucial to understand the impacts of such invasions for effective restoration planning. This study examines aboveground carbon stocks, tree diversity recovery, and soil resilience in forests invaded by two Acacia species compared to non-invaded forests. The research was conducted across 20 forest fragments in the northern Espírito Santo and southern Bahia regions. In each fragment, five 10 x 20 m plots were established, and within each plot, five soil subsamples were collected for pH, K⁺, Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Al³⁺, and P analysis. Soil variables were synthesized using Principal Component Analysis to determine soil fertility. Taxonomic diversity was assessed using Hill numbers, and carbon stocks were estimated under the assumption that 50% of aboveground biomass is carbon, calculated through allometric equations. The impact of habitat type on soil fertility recovery was tested using the second-order Akaike information criterion (AICc), with models selected if ΔAICc ≤ 5. Generalized linear models were applied to evaluate the influence of habitat type and soil fertility, with regeneration age as a covariate. Non-invaded forests showed a positive relationship between carbon stocks, species richness, diversity, and regeneration time. In contrast, invaded forests exhibited similar carbon stocks but failed to deliver equivalent benefits, leading to a loss of essential ecosystem services. A careful selection of species for restoration programs is crucial to avoid invasives like Acacia, which can undermine ecosystem resilience and reduce benefits for biodiversity and ecosystem services
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Exóticas invasoras , Florestas secundárias , Mata Atlântica , Invasive exotic species , Secondary forests , Atlantic Forest