Efeitos do regime hídrico e da adubação foliar com silício em plantas de Fisális (Physalis peruviana L.)
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Data
2015-02-27
Autores
Souza, Fabiano Mayrink Dutra
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
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The climate changes are in focus, and they can change the rainfall patterns. To maintain crop yields in drought conditions, silicon fertilization has proven to be a great alternative. It is clean, sustainable and has a low cost. Several studies using silicon have shown positive effects in plants subjected to water estresse. Physalis peruvianaL. (Solanaceae) is a fruit that has a great nutritional and economic value. Due to the unknown physiological behavior of this species across the different soil and climatic conditions, this study aims to describe the physiological responses of P. peruvianaplants to variation in fertilization of silicon, and two water regimes. Therefore, the experiment was conducted in a 2x4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. The P. peruvianaplants were subjected to 30 days of controlled water regime, 100% of water holding capacity and 35% of water holding capacity, the plants were fertilized with SiO2(4 applications) at doses of 0.0, 1.0; 2.0 and 3.0 g/L. To evaluate the effects of treatments on cape gooseberry, it was used growth analysis, namely: leaf area, stem length, stem diameter, dry matter, absolute growth, net assimilation rate, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area and leaf weight ratio. In addition, it was determined the relative water content in the leaves and measured the content of photosynthetic pigments. Silicon has increased the water content of the leaf in both water regimes. The chlorophyll content has increased by increasing SiO2dose in 100% field capacity water regime, but not in 35% CC. The chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids showed results must like chlorophyll a, differing in the maximum point at regression analysis. Growth was decreased by water treatment in 35% field capacity. However, the stem length increases in associated condition between full irrigation and fertilization with silicon. It was not formed regression for dry weight of leaves, root and total dry mass in both water regimes, but was formed regression to dry mass of stem in the water system of 100% ofwaterfield capcity, showing that in appropriate water regime silicon was effective in promoting dry mass gains in this parameter. The SiO2increased the absolute growth rate and relative growth rate, showing that the net productivity of the crop has benefited from the silicate fertilization under water deficit. Plants of both water regimes fertilized with silicon presented higher leaf area ratio for the occurrence of photosynthesis, and greater specific leaf area. The fertilization with silicon associated with adequate water regime promoted greater exportation ofphotosynthatesfrom leaveto the rest of the plant. Thespecific leaf area presented inboth water regimes larger values by the aplication of SiO2. The assimilation rate formed regression only in 100% ofwaterfield capcity.In general, foliar fertilization with silicon is a benefit;because it has increased the water content in the leaves, promote higher leaf content of carotenoids, higher growth and higher accumulation of dry matter in different parts of the plantsof cape gooseberry
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Déficit hídrico