Sistema de suporte a decisão para planejamento, controle e redução de cargas difusas e pontuais em bacias hidrográficas
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2019-12-18
Autores
Carvalho, Selena Lopes
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Regarding the planning of water resources, the water pollution and watershed water quality aspects, this research aimed to develop a methodological proposal for subsidizing diffused and point loads reduction planning in watersheds, in such a way that their watercourses quality parameters are kept in accordance with limits established by environmental legislation. The methodology is based on minimum diffuse and point loads treatments removal efficiencies for watercourses quality standards estimation. For runoff and diffuse loads quantification it was used the Event mean concentration and United States Soil Conservation Service methods. A model different diffuse and point pollution sources inflows. The Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm (BRKGA) was utilized for the identification and selection of the lowest pollutant removal efficiencies values that could allow quality standards attendance. There was developed a Decision Support System incorporating the models and methods. The Decision Support System was applied to two watersheds, for which there were considered various scenarios. The results indicated significant differences amongst estimated diffused load productions in the scenarios proposed, pointing out the need for investigation about the contribution of diffused loads according to body water qualities. Demonstrating that concentrations of pollutants present in pollution can overlap the dilution effects of related incremental flows. It has been found that the first rain after drought can result in a critical pollution scenario. Towards different simulations performed, it was possible to estimate minimal efficiency of removal of point loads and diffused ones that would take the attendance of class quality into account and stablished to modeled body water, as well as considering different production scenarios of such loads. Which demonstrates that the algorithm of research implemented correponds appropriately to the issue necessities. The Support System of Decision, SIMPPOD, was able to effectively apply the method proposed, and consequently, attend the proposal of its idealization
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Bacias hidrográficas